The `ins` and `outs` of flavonoid transport
... Subcellular sites of flavonoid biosynthesis The enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis are believed to be localized on the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), organized into a multi-enzyme complex centered around the ER-associated cytochrome P450 enzymes cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3 ...
... Subcellular sites of flavonoid biosynthesis The enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis are believed to be localized on the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), organized into a multi-enzyme complex centered around the ER-associated cytochrome P450 enzymes cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3 ...
The Domino Effect
... and does not vary in intensity. This reversal of polarity causes the same change in the neighboring area of the membrane, which causes a reversal of polarity further along, and so on. In this way, the impulse propagates along the length of the neuron as a cascade of ionic exchanges. It does not lose ...
... and does not vary in intensity. This reversal of polarity causes the same change in the neighboring area of the membrane, which causes a reversal of polarity further along, and so on. In this way, the impulse propagates along the length of the neuron as a cascade of ionic exchanges. It does not lose ...
Characteristics of Bacteria Worksheet
... If they are found in pairs, adding the prefix diplo- to their shape forms the name. An example is diplococci (a sphere shaped bacteria that is found in pairs). If the bacteria are found in chains, the prefix strepto- is added to their shape (ex. streptococci = long chains of sphere shaped bacteria). ...
... If they are found in pairs, adding the prefix diplo- to their shape forms the name. An example is diplococci (a sphere shaped bacteria that is found in pairs). If the bacteria are found in chains, the prefix strepto- is added to their shape (ex. streptococci = long chains of sphere shaped bacteria). ...
World of the Cell: Chapter 16
... environment, and important molecules need to be transported back and forth to the tip of these cilia • IFT particles bind kinesin and dynein at the same time for fast shuttling of cargos in two directions Cilia and diseases (ciliopathies): • Defect in dynein's outer arms in cilia: Reversal of left‐ ...
... environment, and important molecules need to be transported back and forth to the tip of these cilia • IFT particles bind kinesin and dynein at the same time for fast shuttling of cargos in two directions Cilia and diseases (ciliopathies): • Defect in dynein's outer arms in cilia: Reversal of left‐ ...
Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004 Feb 20
... (57% identity) as shown in Figure 1 and appears to be related to the C. elegans protein, UNC112 (44% identity). UNC-112 is required for the organization of dense bodies and attachment of muscle cells to the hypodermis and UNC-112 interacts genetically with integrins (20). Thus we focused on kindleri ...
... (57% identity) as shown in Figure 1 and appears to be related to the C. elegans protein, UNC112 (44% identity). UNC-112 is required for the organization of dense bodies and attachment of muscle cells to the hypodermis and UNC-112 interacts genetically with integrins (20). Thus we focused on kindleri ...
The sense of hearing - Lightweight OCW University of Palestine
... It is the ability to detect sounds. The most important function of hearing is involved in ...
... It is the ability to detect sounds. The most important function of hearing is involved in ...
Auditory system
... Sensorineural hearing loss – is due to defects in any structure or cell from the cochlea to auditory centers of the brain, but commonly involves loss of hair cells or nerve degeneration (can be congenital or acquired) ...
... Sensorineural hearing loss – is due to defects in any structure or cell from the cochlea to auditory centers of the brain, but commonly involves loss of hair cells or nerve degeneration (can be congenital or acquired) ...
Insulin and glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue
... • It is synthesized as a part of larger preprohormone in the rough ER of the β-cells of Langerhans islets in pancreas • Preproinsulin is processed and proinsulin is formed • Then proinsulin is cleaved internally at two sides to yield insulin and C peptide (connecting peptide) • Insulin is transporte ...
... • It is synthesized as a part of larger preprohormone in the rough ER of the β-cells of Langerhans islets in pancreas • Preproinsulin is processed and proinsulin is formed • Then proinsulin is cleaved internally at two sides to yield insulin and C peptide (connecting peptide) • Insulin is transporte ...
Basic science
... Biomechanics and kinematics The occipitocervical articulation is highly complex kinematically and biomechanically. The atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial joints are coupled and should be considered together. Many of the ligamentous structures that stabilize one level have similar effects on the othe ...
... Biomechanics and kinematics The occipitocervical articulation is highly complex kinematically and biomechanically. The atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial joints are coupled and should be considered together. Many of the ligamentous structures that stabilize one level have similar effects on the othe ...
Chapter 3—Cells
... discovery possible? ANS: Cells weren't discovered until 1665 because almost all cells are too small to be seen with the naked eye. The microscope is the invention that made their discovery possible. ...
... discovery possible? ANS: Cells weren't discovered until 1665 because almost all cells are too small to be seen with the naked eye. The microscope is the invention that made their discovery possible. ...
immunohistological study of mannan polysaccharides in poplar stem
... Mannan polysaccharides serve as storage reserves in seeds and as structure elements in cell walls, but they may also perform other important functions during plant growth. As one of the major hemicelluloses in angiosperm wood, little is known about the presence and localization of mannan polysacchar ...
... Mannan polysaccharides serve as storage reserves in seeds and as structure elements in cell walls, but they may also perform other important functions during plant growth. As one of the major hemicelluloses in angiosperm wood, little is known about the presence and localization of mannan polysacchar ...
Deciphering the molecular functions of sterols in cellulose
... requires a specific lipid environment. Consistent with this idea, its activity has been identified in detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) that exhibit biochemical properties similar to sterol-rich PM microdomains (Bessueille et al., 2009). In the past 15 years, a model for the organization of the PM ...
... requires a specific lipid environment. Consistent with this idea, its activity has been identified in detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) that exhibit biochemical properties similar to sterol-rich PM microdomains (Bessueille et al., 2009). In the past 15 years, a model for the organization of the PM ...
Hypothesis review: are clathrin-mediated endocytosis and clathrin
... In the nervous system, CME is crucially involved in the signaling mechanisms of the synapse. CME is important for both presynaptic and postsynaptic functions, and both functions have been implicated in schizophrenia.56–59 In presynaptic axon terminals, CME is required for the retrieval of synaptic v ...
... In the nervous system, CME is crucially involved in the signaling mechanisms of the synapse. CME is important for both presynaptic and postsynaptic functions, and both functions have been implicated in schizophrenia.56–59 In presynaptic axon terminals, CME is required for the retrieval of synaptic v ...
Recent advances in plant cell wall proteomics
... proteins, many of which have well-known functions inside the cell. There have been many discussions about the possibility of finding non-canonical proteins in plant cell walls [7, 36]. Are they bona fide secreted proteins or just contaminants? Recent studies have revealed that several proteins found ...
... proteins, many of which have well-known functions inside the cell. There have been many discussions about the possibility of finding non-canonical proteins in plant cell walls [7, 36]. Are they bona fide secreted proteins or just contaminants? Recent studies have revealed that several proteins found ...
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition during gastrulation
... animals. Both gastrulation and EMT exhibit remarkable variations in different organisms, and no conserved role for EMT during gastrulation is evident. We propose that a ‘broken-down’ model, in which these two processes are considered to be a collective sum of separately regulated steps, may provide ...
... animals. Both gastrulation and EMT exhibit remarkable variations in different organisms, and no conserved role for EMT during gastrulation is evident. We propose that a ‘broken-down’ model, in which these two processes are considered to be a collective sum of separately regulated steps, may provide ...
Rab-A2 and Rab-A3 GTPases Define a trans
... compartment even at 25 min or more after addition of the dye (cf. Figures 2A and 2B with Figure 2C and Supplemental Figures 7E and 7F online). Similarly, the GFP-BP80 PVC labeled slowly and partially with FM4-64 (see Supplemental Figures 8A to 8C online). In roots expressing both GFP-BP80 and YFP:RA ...
... compartment even at 25 min or more after addition of the dye (cf. Figures 2A and 2B with Figure 2C and Supplemental Figures 7E and 7F online). Similarly, the GFP-BP80 PVC labeled slowly and partially with FM4-64 (see Supplemental Figures 8A to 8C online). In roots expressing both GFP-BP80 and YFP:RA ...
Hormones
... Hormones act by binding to specific chemical receptors on cell membranes or within cells. Cells that have receptors for a particular hormone are called target cells. If a cell does not have receptors for a particular hormone, the hormone has no effect on it. ...
... Hormones act by binding to specific chemical receptors on cell membranes or within cells. Cells that have receptors for a particular hormone are called target cells. If a cell does not have receptors for a particular hormone, the hormone has no effect on it. ...
Why are bacteria different from eukaryotes? INTERVIE W Open Access Julie A Theriot*
... of the kinetochores must be attached before the next step can proceed [18]. In contrast, bacteria that have multiple chromosomes seem to segregate them by using independent, orthogonal machineries specific for each chromosome [19], and don’t appear to have anything as general or as scalable as a mit ...
... of the kinetochores must be attached before the next step can proceed [18]. In contrast, bacteria that have multiple chromosomes seem to segregate them by using independent, orthogonal machineries specific for each chromosome [19], and don’t appear to have anything as general or as scalable as a mit ...
Caveolin-3 and SAP97 form a scaffolding protein complex that
... Submitted 31 March 2004; accepted in final form 31 March 2004 ...
... Submitted 31 March 2004; accepted in final form 31 March 2004 ...
protein membranes as models of cosmetic ingredients penetration
... malaria, to keratin structures. They used as a model keratin from bovine hom. Data obtained suggests that during permeation process doxycycline may bind to epidermal keratin. That may involve a mixture of electrostatic and non-electrostatic interaction between oxygen atoms in the doxycycline and the ...
... malaria, to keratin structures. They used as a model keratin from bovine hom. Data obtained suggests that during permeation process doxycycline may bind to epidermal keratin. That may involve a mixture of electrostatic and non-electrostatic interaction between oxygen atoms in the doxycycline and the ...
Cells
... Function Digestion of compounds taken in by the cell by endocytosis Recycling of material within the cell ...
... Function Digestion of compounds taken in by the cell by endocytosis Recycling of material within the cell ...
Proteobacteria as the Origin of Eukaryotes: The Syntrophic Hypothesis
... of the phagotrophic models, which is the inability for bacteria to accomplish phagocytosis. Considering these major drawbacks, the most realistic models could be those based on symbiotic relationships between archaea and bacteria, i.e., the symbiotic models. Symbiosis does not depend on single, perh ...
... of the phagotrophic models, which is the inability for bacteria to accomplish phagocytosis. Considering these major drawbacks, the most realistic models could be those based on symbiotic relationships between archaea and bacteria, i.e., the symbiotic models. Symbiosis does not depend on single, perh ...
Materials and methods - HAL
... cytoplasm of the cell [8]. To demonstrate the ability of MCa to cross the plasma membrane, a biotinylated derivative of MCa (MCab) was synthesized, coupled to a fluorescent derivative of streptavidine, and the entire complex was shown to reach the cytoplasm of many cell types [9, 10]. This cell pene ...
... cytoplasm of the cell [8]. To demonstrate the ability of MCa to cross the plasma membrane, a biotinylated derivative of MCa (MCab) was synthesized, coupled to a fluorescent derivative of streptavidine, and the entire complex was shown to reach the cytoplasm of many cell types [9, 10]. This cell pene ...
Lipids
... Essential fatty acids include those which contain more than one double bonds (polysaturated fatty acids) e.g linolenic acids and arachidonic acids.This is because there are no human enzyme that can be introduced a double bond except at the ninth carbon atoms(9-10) position. ...
... Essential fatty acids include those which contain more than one double bonds (polysaturated fatty acids) e.g linolenic acids and arachidonic acids.This is because there are no human enzyme that can be introduced a double bond except at the ninth carbon atoms(9-10) position. ...
344_final version - OPUS at UTS
... vehicles, backup and portable power system with low or zero emissions. Among all kinds of fuel cells, the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are the most promising. They are environmentally friendly, and have many advantages over conventional energy-conversion devices, such as high efficiency ...
... vehicles, backup and portable power system with low or zero emissions. Among all kinds of fuel cells, the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are the most promising. They are environmentally friendly, and have many advantages over conventional energy-conversion devices, such as high efficiency ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.