A Genome-Wide Screen for Bacterial Envelope Biogenesis Mutants
... progress has been made in our understanding of Gram-negative envelope assembly over the last two decades [11]. Most of the essential envelope biogenesis systems have now been identified in E. coli and related proteobacterial pathogens including: (i) the Sec system that transports proteins across the ...
... progress has been made in our understanding of Gram-negative envelope assembly over the last two decades [11]. Most of the essential envelope biogenesis systems have now been identified in E. coli and related proteobacterial pathogens including: (i) the Sec system that transports proteins across the ...
ZAMZAMI N, KROEMER G, 2001. The mitochondrion in apoptosis
... antagonists favour its closure. • Divalent cations: Matrix Ca2+ increases the probability of pore opening. Matrix Mg2+ or Mn2+, and external divalent metal ions including Ca2+ all decrease the probability of pore opening. • Matrix pH: The permeability transition pore is closed at neutral or acidic p ...
... antagonists favour its closure. • Divalent cations: Matrix Ca2+ increases the probability of pore opening. Matrix Mg2+ or Mn2+, and external divalent metal ions including Ca2+ all decrease the probability of pore opening. • Matrix pH: The permeability transition pore is closed at neutral or acidic p ...
chemistry of phospholipids in relation to biological membranes
... species composition6. Although more work has to be done in this area, the comparative analyses carried out to date appear to support the conclusion that with evolution the molecular composition of phospholipids has become more complex. As will be discussed later in this paper chemically different ph ...
... species composition6. Although more work has to be done in this area, the comparative analyses carried out to date appear to support the conclusion that with evolution the molecular composition of phospholipids has become more complex. As will be discussed later in this paper chemically different ph ...
Studying Cell–Surface Interactions In Vitro: A Survey of
... by nonspecific interactions between the cells and the protein-decorated surface (Fig. 1b). These comprise electrostatic, electrodynamic, steric and entropic interactions. The first two are predominantly attractive in nature and based on the presence of fixed charges and dipoles on both the cell surf ...
... by nonspecific interactions between the cells and the protein-decorated surface (Fig. 1b). These comprise electrostatic, electrodynamic, steric and entropic interactions. The first two are predominantly attractive in nature and based on the presence of fixed charges and dipoles on both the cell surf ...
Microtubules Regulate Dynamic Organization of Vacuoles in
... marker and has been used successfully to visualize vacuolar membranes in flowering plant cells (Uemura et al. 2002). Physcomitrella patens transformants with constitutive expression of GFP at an appropriate level for observation were selected (Fig. 1A, B). The morphology and growth of the transforman ...
... marker and has been used successfully to visualize vacuolar membranes in flowering plant cells (Uemura et al. 2002). Physcomitrella patens transformants with constitutive expression of GFP at an appropriate level for observation were selected (Fig. 1A, B). The morphology and growth of the transforman ...
Document
... the DNA to the membrane. Several formulations exists but 20 x SSC is recommended because it is easy to make up and can be stored for several months at room temperature. Lower SSC concentrations (e.g. 10x) should not be used with nitrocellulose as the lower ionic strength may result in loss of smalle ...
... the DNA to the membrane. Several formulations exists but 20 x SSC is recommended because it is easy to make up and can be stored for several months at room temperature. Lower SSC concentrations (e.g. 10x) should not be used with nitrocellulose as the lower ionic strength may result in loss of smalle ...
Organellar channels and transporters
... Fig. 1. Organellar channels and transporters. Intracellular organelles include endosomes, phagosomes, autophagosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, plant vacuoles, Golgi apparatus, the ER, peroxisomes, and the nucleus. Intracellular channels are shown as oval objects while transporters and ...
... Fig. 1. Organellar channels and transporters. Intracellular organelles include endosomes, phagosomes, autophagosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, plant vacuoles, Golgi apparatus, the ER, peroxisomes, and the nucleus. Intracellular channels are shown as oval objects while transporters and ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans
... determines the shape of the cell and helps to withstand turgor pressure. As such it represents an excellent target for antifungal drugs, the more so as several fungal cellwall components are absent in mammalian cells. The macromolecules that are responsible for the mechanical strength of the cell wa ...
... determines the shape of the cell and helps to withstand turgor pressure. As such it represents an excellent target for antifungal drugs, the more so as several fungal cellwall components are absent in mammalian cells. The macromolecules that are responsible for the mechanical strength of the cell wa ...
Photoreceptor Membrane Proteins, Phototransduction, and Retinal
... plasma membranes arise from the same newly formed membranes at the base of the outer segment8 and immunocytochemical studies revealing the presence of high levels of rhodopsin in both membranes.20"22 Furthermore, several laboratories reported that both the disk and plasma membrane contain cGMP-gated ...
... plasma membranes arise from the same newly formed membranes at the base of the outer segment8 and immunocytochemical studies revealing the presence of high levels of rhodopsin in both membranes.20"22 Furthermore, several laboratories reported that both the disk and plasma membrane contain cGMP-gated ...
Coca Cola
... Nucleotide turnover in cytoskeletal subunits Actin subunits bind ATP Tubulin heterodimers bind GTP The subunit changes its conformation upon nucleotide hydrolysis Subunit bound to a nucleoside triphosphate Nucleotide hydrolysis ...
... Nucleotide turnover in cytoskeletal subunits Actin subunits bind ATP Tubulin heterodimers bind GTP The subunit changes its conformation upon nucleotide hydrolysis Subunit bound to a nucleoside triphosphate Nucleotide hydrolysis ...
Penium margaritaceum: A Unicellular Model Organism for
... Pure fractions of cell walls can be isolated using simple physical extraction techniques (Figure 2A) [25]. Log phase culture cells are collected by centrifugation, extensively washed and resuspended in an ice-cold buffered detergent solution (0.01% Triton-X-100 in 0.05 M Tris buffer, pH 7.2). The su ...
... Pure fractions of cell walls can be isolated using simple physical extraction techniques (Figure 2A) [25]. Log phase culture cells are collected by centrifugation, extensively washed and resuspended in an ice-cold buffered detergent solution (0.01% Triton-X-100 in 0.05 M Tris buffer, pH 7.2). The su ...
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... hybrids where the fusion joint was downstream from this sequence export can occur because the process of membrane incorporation would be finished before the part corresponding to the foreign polypeptide appeared. Fusions upstream of the dissociation sequence would be lethal if the foreign part of th ...
... hybrids where the fusion joint was downstream from this sequence export can occur because the process of membrane incorporation would be finished before the part corresponding to the foreign polypeptide appeared. Fusions upstream of the dissociation sequence would be lethal if the foreign part of th ...
Full-Text PDF
... Pure fractions of cell walls can be isolated using simple physical extraction techniques (Figure 2A) [25]. Log phase culture cells are collected by centrifugation, extensively washed and resuspended in an ice-cold buffered detergent solution (0.01% Triton-X-100 in 0.05 M Tris buffer, pH 7.2). The su ...
... Pure fractions of cell walls can be isolated using simple physical extraction techniques (Figure 2A) [25]. Log phase culture cells are collected by centrifugation, extensively washed and resuspended in an ice-cold buffered detergent solution (0.01% Triton-X-100 in 0.05 M Tris buffer, pH 7.2). The su ...
Evolution of an atypical de-epoxidase for photoprotection in the
... fitness because of a trade-off between efficient solar energy conversion and photoprotection. The xanthophyll cycle, in which the carotenoid pigment violaxanthin is reversibly converted into zeaxanthin, is ubiquitous among green algae and plants and is necessary for the regulation of light harvesting, ...
... fitness because of a trade-off between efficient solar energy conversion and photoprotection. The xanthophyll cycle, in which the carotenoid pigment violaxanthin is reversibly converted into zeaxanthin, is ubiquitous among green algae and plants and is necessary for the regulation of light harvesting, ...
Transport of the precursor to neurospora ATPase
... Import of proteins of mitochondria occurs by a post-translational mechanism (1-3). Precursor proteins are synthesized on free cytoplasmic polysomes and released into the cytosol (3-5). They are then imported into the mitochondrion in a step which is, with most but not all proteins, dependent on an e ...
... Import of proteins of mitochondria occurs by a post-translational mechanism (1-3). Precursor proteins are synthesized on free cytoplasmic polysomes and released into the cytosol (3-5). They are then imported into the mitochondrion in a step which is, with most but not all proteins, dependent on an e ...
Cell shrinkage and apoptosis: a role for potassium and sodium ion
... concentrations. Furthermore, by exploiting the characteristics of other cell specific cell surface probes, i.e. annexin V-FITC, which preferentially binds to phosphatidylserine and merocyanine 540 (Williamson et al, 1983; Collins et al, 1977; Dalton et al, 1988; Martin and Cotter, 1991; Gorman et al ...
... concentrations. Furthermore, by exploiting the characteristics of other cell specific cell surface probes, i.e. annexin V-FITC, which preferentially binds to phosphatidylserine and merocyanine 540 (Williamson et al, 1983; Collins et al, 1977; Dalton et al, 1988; Martin and Cotter, 1991; Gorman et al ...
Physiological implications of the regulation of vacuolar
... In rat cortical late distal tubules, microperfusion experiments have shown that the rate of proton secretion by H+ATPase was also dependent on chloride transport, since the inhibition of Cl- channels by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) markedly reduced distal tubule acidification, ...
... In rat cortical late distal tubules, microperfusion experiments have shown that the rate of proton secretion by H+ATPase was also dependent on chloride transport, since the inhibition of Cl- channels by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) markedly reduced distal tubule acidification, ...
GNOM-LIKE1/ERMO1 and SEC24a/ERMO2 Are
... and Walz, 2001). The outer nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough ER, and the rough ER is distinguished from smooth ER by the presence of ribosomes on the cytosolic side of the membrane. The ER forms a dynamic polygonal network composed of tubules, sheets, and three-way junctions. In addition ...
... and Walz, 2001). The outer nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough ER, and the rough ER is distinguished from smooth ER by the presence of ribosomes on the cytosolic side of the membrane. The ER forms a dynamic polygonal network composed of tubules, sheets, and three-way junctions. In addition ...
Membrane-bound and extracellular P4actamase
... Membrane-bound lipoproteins in bacteria are synthesized as prelipoprotein precursors containing N-terminal signal peptides which are subsequently modified by addition of lipids (Wu, 1985; Lampen et al., 1986; Hayashi & Wu, 1990). The lipophilic modification consists of a diacyl-glycerol group formin ...
... Membrane-bound lipoproteins in bacteria are synthesized as prelipoprotein precursors containing N-terminal signal peptides which are subsequently modified by addition of lipids (Wu, 1985; Lampen et al., 1986; Hayashi & Wu, 1990). The lipophilic modification consists of a diacyl-glycerol group formin ...
Perspectives in the Coordinate Regulation of Cell Cycle Events in
... Cell cycles are re-initiated at the end of the cell cycles (Fig. 2A) or when light grown cultures are placed in the dark and re-exposed to light (Fig. 3A). Soon after the initiation of the cell cycle, r-protein synthesis is first to appear followed by the cell events as indicated in the Figs 2A and ...
... Cell cycles are re-initiated at the end of the cell cycles (Fig. 2A) or when light grown cultures are placed in the dark and re-exposed to light (Fig. 3A). Soon after the initiation of the cell cycle, r-protein synthesis is first to appear followed by the cell events as indicated in the Figs 2A and ...
Essential oils in food preservation
... Essential oils are aromatic and volatile liquids extracted from plants.The chemicals in essential oils are secondary metabolites, which play an important role in plant defense as they often possess antimicrobial properties. The interest in essential oils and their application in food preservation ha ...
... Essential oils are aromatic and volatile liquids extracted from plants.The chemicals in essential oils are secondary metabolites, which play an important role in plant defense as they often possess antimicrobial properties. The interest in essential oils and their application in food preservation ha ...
Cilia Review Article - Eastern Virginia Medical School
... flagella have been studied for many years in single-celled organisms, such as protozoa, and important insights into the physiology and biochemistry of these organelles have resulted. However, despite the established anatomical presence of primary cilia in eukaryotic cells, until recently, little has ...
... flagella have been studied for many years in single-celled organisms, such as protozoa, and important insights into the physiology and biochemistry of these organelles have resulted. However, despite the established anatomical presence of primary cilia in eukaryotic cells, until recently, little has ...
Linköping University Post Print
... The primary function of lysosomes is degradation of macromolecules, and for this purpose, lysosomes are filled with more than 50 acid hydrolases, including phosphatases, nucleases, glycosidases, proteases, peptidases, sulphatases, and lipases [2]. Of the lysosomal hydrolases, the cathepsin family of ...
... The primary function of lysosomes is degradation of macromolecules, and for this purpose, lysosomes are filled with more than 50 acid hydrolases, including phosphatases, nucleases, glycosidases, proteases, peptidases, sulphatases, and lipases [2]. Of the lysosomal hydrolases, the cathepsin family of ...
How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved?1
... the side chain structural motifs between taxa (Hoffman et al., 2005; Peña et al., 2008; Hsieh and Harris, 2009). For example, most vascular plants and hornworts produce a structurally homologous XXXG-type XyG with conserved branching patterns and fucosylated subunits. In contrast, the moss P. paten ...
... the side chain structural motifs between taxa (Hoffman et al., 2005; Peña et al., 2008; Hsieh and Harris, 2009). For example, most vascular plants and hornworts produce a structurally homologous XXXG-type XyG with conserved branching patterns and fucosylated subunits. In contrast, the moss P. paten ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.