Inactivation of Photosystems I and II in Response
... The effects of osmotic stress due to sorbitol on the photosynthetic machinery were investigated in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R-2. Incubation of cells in 1.0 M sorbitol inactivated photosystems I and II and decreased the intracellular solute space by 50%. These effects of sorbitol were reversi ...
... The effects of osmotic stress due to sorbitol on the photosynthetic machinery were investigated in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R-2. Incubation of cells in 1.0 M sorbitol inactivated photosystems I and II and decreased the intracellular solute space by 50%. These effects of sorbitol were reversi ...
ORAL MUCOSA
... vallate papillæ – large numbers are present in the soft palate, the lips, and cheeks ...
... vallate papillæ – large numbers are present in the soft palate, the lips, and cheeks ...
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... Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemical interplay with their environment; (5) possess programmatically defined fun ...
... Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemical interplay with their environment; (5) possess programmatically defined fun ...
... Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments responsible for the red, purple or blue color of the flowers, seeds, fruits and leaves of plants [1]. Anthocyanins belong to the group of flavonoids and are glycosides of anthocyanidin, i.e. they consist of an anthocyanidin molecule which is joins to a sugar m ...
Asymmetric Cell Divisions in the Early Embryo of the Leech
... lacked a true coelom (Valentine and Collins 2000). If so, many of the features we associate with modern bilaterian animals may have arisen largely independently within these three lines. On the other hand, others have proposed that the urbilaterian was a segmented eucoelomate with well-developed sen ...
... lacked a true coelom (Valentine and Collins 2000). If so, many of the features we associate with modern bilaterian animals may have arisen largely independently within these three lines. On the other hand, others have proposed that the urbilaterian was a segmented eucoelomate with well-developed sen ...
FREE Sample Here
... Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemical interplay with their environment; (5) possess programmatically defined fun ...
... Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemical interplay with their environment; (5) possess programmatically defined fun ...
Genetically Encoded Spy Peptide Fusion System to
... Here, we report a general method for post-translational, covalent labeling of cell surface exposed transgenic proteins using all-genetically encoded components. This method specifically and quantitatively labels membrane proteins in living cells without affecting cell viability, and therefore enable ...
... Here, we report a general method for post-translational, covalent labeling of cell surface exposed transgenic proteins using all-genetically encoded components. This method specifically and quantitatively labels membrane proteins in living cells without affecting cell viability, and therefore enable ...
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... 1A and 1B); smaller apical surfaces are measured closer to the MF. This suggests that the MF response is distributed over the entire anterior compartment of the developing eye. In addition, optical sagittal sections (Figure 1D) revealed that, in the anterior compartment, cells become increasingly ta ...
... 1A and 1B); smaller apical surfaces are measured closer to the MF. This suggests that the MF response is distributed over the entire anterior compartment of the developing eye. In addition, optical sagittal sections (Figure 1D) revealed that, in the anterior compartment, cells become increasingly ta ...
Evaluation of flow cytometry as replacement for plating in in vitro
... bacteriolytic). They are also usually classified as either broad or narrow spectrum. Most antibiotics target processes involved in bacterial growth, such as DNA replication, DNA packing, and RNA or protein or cell wall synthesis.3 Other antibiotics target metabolic pathways, or the structure of the ...
... bacteriolytic). They are also usually classified as either broad or narrow spectrum. Most antibiotics target processes involved in bacterial growth, such as DNA replication, DNA packing, and RNA or protein or cell wall synthesis.3 Other antibiotics target metabolic pathways, or the structure of the ...
Bactericidal activity of the organo
... and causes a six orders of magnitude decrease in viability in a protein-rich medium, but not in a protein-poorer medium, unless 2-mercaptoethanol is added. Subinhibitory concentrations inhibit motility and biofilm formation. AS101 enters the bacterium through its porins and causes bacterial damage t ...
... and causes a six orders of magnitude decrease in viability in a protein-rich medium, but not in a protein-poorer medium, unless 2-mercaptoethanol is added. Subinhibitory concentrations inhibit motility and biofilm formation. AS101 enters the bacterium through its porins and causes bacterial damage t ...
Quantification of gap junction selectivity
... To understand why the mammalian genome includes 20 or more connexin genes, the functional differences between the gap junctions that they form must be appreciated. Since their discovery, much has been learned about gap junctions in a broad sense, but their functional and regulatory differences are s ...
... To understand why the mammalian genome includes 20 or more connexin genes, the functional differences between the gap junctions that they form must be appreciated. Since their discovery, much has been learned about gap junctions in a broad sense, but their functional and regulatory differences are s ...
Mitochondrion and Chloroplast Regulation of Plant Programmed
... The decision as to whether a plant cell activates PCD, or not, is determined by information it receives from a number of sources, including its environment, for example, cell survival signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition, stress signals or internal information such as developmental hist ...
... The decision as to whether a plant cell activates PCD, or not, is determined by information it receives from a number of sources, including its environment, for example, cell survival signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition, stress signals or internal information such as developmental hist ...
Microtubules and the Evolution of Mitosis
... animal counterpart. This divergence involves a fundamentally different organization with microtubule arrays, which are specific to higher plants, such as cortical microtubules or the phragmoplast. On the other hand, centrioles, which are central organizers of microtubules in cells of animals and lowe ...
... animal counterpart. This divergence involves a fundamentally different organization with microtubule arrays, which are specific to higher plants, such as cortical microtubules or the phragmoplast. On the other hand, centrioles, which are central organizers of microtubules in cells of animals and lowe ...
Changes in Pectin Structure during Epidermal Cell Elongation in
... wall of the elongating region, JIM5 was labeled sparsely on the outer half of the cell wall,with little or no labeling on the inner half except for a row of gold particles in the inner most layer of the cell wall (Fig. 2a). JIM7 labeling was dense across the entire outer epidermal wall (Fig. 2b). In ...
... wall of the elongating region, JIM5 was labeled sparsely on the outer half of the cell wall,with little or no labeling on the inner half except for a row of gold particles in the inner most layer of the cell wall (Fig. 2a). JIM7 labeling was dense across the entire outer epidermal wall (Fig. 2b). In ...
Localization of TGN38 to the trans-Golgi Network
... The results of our experiments demonstrate that the cytoplasmic tail of TGN38 can confer TGN localization on another protein which normally resides at the plasma membrane. Thus, this cytoplasmic tail contains information that is not only necessary but also sufficient for TGN localization. The sequen ...
... The results of our experiments demonstrate that the cytoplasmic tail of TGN38 can confer TGN localization on another protein which normally resides at the plasma membrane. Thus, this cytoplasmic tail contains information that is not only necessary but also sufficient for TGN localization. The sequen ...
Chloroplast The chloroplast is an elongated organelle
... The energy used to convert water plus atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugars (photosynthesis) occurs in the c______. The outer and inner membranes, which regulate the flow of sugars and proteins in and out of the chloroplast, are called the c______ e______. The inside of the chloroplast has fluid ca ...
... The energy used to convert water plus atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugars (photosynthesis) occurs in the c______. The outer and inner membranes, which regulate the flow of sugars and proteins in and out of the chloroplast, are called the c______ e______. The inside of the chloroplast has fluid ca ...
Age associated changes in erythrocyte membrane surface charge
... total negative electric charge, which determines the correct course of many processes like transport of metabolic substrates and products through ionic pumps, carriers and membrane channels, for the transfer of information (Nalecz, 1989) and mainly to prevent aggregation of erythrocytes from each ot ...
... total negative electric charge, which determines the correct course of many processes like transport of metabolic substrates and products through ionic pumps, carriers and membrane channels, for the transfer of information (Nalecz, 1989) and mainly to prevent aggregation of erythrocytes from each ot ...
THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM IN HUMAN DISEASE Joseph C. …
... complement pathway with cleavage of C4 and C2. Since there is no target cell surface for complement binding, C3 cleavage does not occur to any significant degree and if some C3b is formed, it undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis – The C2a and its subsequent products can cause vascular permeability chang ...
... complement pathway with cleavage of C4 and C2. Since there is no target cell surface for complement binding, C3 cleavage does not occur to any significant degree and if some C3b is formed, it undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis – The C2a and its subsequent products can cause vascular permeability chang ...
effect of internal anions
... Kgluc-stable measures of neuron resistance and current threshold Kmeth-neuron resistance increased and current threshold decreased. Induction of activity-dependent plasticity of AHP only observed in Kgluc; AHP was masked using Kmeth Kgluc provides a more stable long-term recording environment than K ...
... Kgluc-stable measures of neuron resistance and current threshold Kmeth-neuron resistance increased and current threshold decreased. Induction of activity-dependent plasticity of AHP only observed in Kgluc; AHP was masked using Kmeth Kgluc provides a more stable long-term recording environment than K ...
The essential role of anionic transport in plant cells
... Plasma membrane anion transporters play fundamental roles in plant cell biology, especially in stomatal closure and nutrition. Notwithstanding, a lot is still unknown about the specific function of these transporters, their specific localization, or molecular nature. Here the fundamental roles of an ...
... Plasma membrane anion transporters play fundamental roles in plant cell biology, especially in stomatal closure and nutrition. Notwithstanding, a lot is still unknown about the specific function of these transporters, their specific localization, or molecular nature. Here the fundamental roles of an ...
The Forces Behind Cell Movement
... AF is exposed to a concentration of monomeric actin that is above its critical concentration, the filament end binds monomers and grows by polymerization. Conversely, when the concentration is below the critical concentration, monomers detach from the filament end, and the filament shrinks by depoly ...
... AF is exposed to a concentration of monomeric actin that is above its critical concentration, the filament end binds monomers and grows by polymerization. Conversely, when the concentration is below the critical concentration, monomers detach from the filament end, and the filament shrinks by depoly ...
REVIEWS
... downstream organelles in the secretory pathway do not generally support protein folding13. Furthermore, ER QC ensures that proteins are not dispatched to terminal compartments when they are still incompletely folded and therefore potentially damaging to the cell. For example, it is essential that no ...
... downstream organelles in the secretory pathway do not generally support protein folding13. Furthermore, ER QC ensures that proteins are not dispatched to terminal compartments when they are still incompletely folded and therefore potentially damaging to the cell. For example, it is essential that no ...
Inductive asymmetric cell division
... in vitro2 (our unpublished observation). The GSK-3 site is intriguingly linked to one of the consensus CDK-1 sites, and at least in vitro is phosphorylated by GSK3 in a manner dependent on priming phosphorylation by CDK-1.2 However, introduction of an un-phosphorylatable mutation in this putative G ...
... in vitro2 (our unpublished observation). The GSK-3 site is intriguingly linked to one of the consensus CDK-1 sites, and at least in vitro is phosphorylated by GSK3 in a manner dependent on priming phosphorylation by CDK-1.2 However, introduction of an un-phosphorylatable mutation in this putative G ...
programmed cell death in plant
... development is not necessarily due to toxic microbial products or toxic plant products. Additional evidence that cell death during susceptible interactions is genetically programmed comes from the observation that many mutants of maize mimic pathogenic diseases at the level of the visible symptoms ( ...
... development is not necessarily due to toxic microbial products or toxic plant products. Additional evidence that cell death during susceptible interactions is genetically programmed comes from the observation that many mutants of maize mimic pathogenic diseases at the level of the visible symptoms ( ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.