The different shapes of cocci
... To the authors’ knowledge, there is no widely accepted term to distinguish ellipsoid bacteria from spherical cocci and therefore the term ovococcus is proposed to designate these bacteria with ovoid shape. Note that this designation is only morphological, as common shape is not strictly correlated w ...
... To the authors’ knowledge, there is no widely accepted term to distinguish ellipsoid bacteria from spherical cocci and therefore the term ovococcus is proposed to designate these bacteria with ovoid shape. Note that this designation is only morphological, as common shape is not strictly correlated w ...
Full text in pdf format
... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
extracellular matrix remodeling and integrin
... (Figure Legend 3) ECM remodeling during organogenesis. (a) ECM remodeling in branching morphogenesis. Branching morphogenesis in the salivary gland and other organs requires fibronectin. Acting through integrin a5b1, fibronectin locally decreases E-cadherin to stimulate cleft formation. In the lung, ...
... (Figure Legend 3) ECM remodeling during organogenesis. (a) ECM remodeling in branching morphogenesis. Branching morphogenesis in the salivary gland and other organs requires fibronectin. Acting through integrin a5b1, fibronectin locally decreases E-cadherin to stimulate cleft formation. In the lung, ...
Planar cell polarity signalling regulates cell adhesion properties in
... incubated in 2.5 mg/ml concanavalin A (ConA, Sigma) overnight at 4°C and rinsed in 1⫻ PBS prior to use. Plasma-activated microscope slides (GoldSeal) were prepared using a two-well coating mask (nAmbition) to obtain an adhesive and non-adhesive substrate. One well was filled with 50 l of heatinacti ...
... incubated in 2.5 mg/ml concanavalin A (ConA, Sigma) overnight at 4°C and rinsed in 1⫻ PBS prior to use. Plasma-activated microscope slides (GoldSeal) were prepared using a two-well coating mask (nAmbition) to obtain an adhesive and non-adhesive substrate. One well was filled with 50 l of heatinacti ...
University of Groningen How to get (a)round Pinho, Mariana
... synthesize peptidoglycan at the septum only, a process that involves at least penicillin-binding protein 1 (PBP1) and PBP2. At a later stage of the cell cycle, PBP4 is recruited to the septum and functions in increasing peptidoglycan crosslinking. The exact role of PBP3 is currently unknown. The com ...
... synthesize peptidoglycan at the septum only, a process that involves at least penicillin-binding protein 1 (PBP1) and PBP2. At a later stage of the cell cycle, PBP4 is recruited to the septum and functions in increasing peptidoglycan crosslinking. The exact role of PBP3 is currently unknown. The com ...
Expansion of the phragmoplast during plant cytokinesis: a MAPK
... the observation of cryofixed tobacco cells by Samuels et al. [5] (Figure 1a). Vesicles fuse via long thin (i.e. 20 nm in diameter) curving fusion tubes to produce a fusion-tubegenerated membrane network (FTN). This network undergoes a series of morphological and biochemical changes, including the fo ...
... the observation of cryofixed tobacco cells by Samuels et al. [5] (Figure 1a). Vesicles fuse via long thin (i.e. 20 nm in diameter) curving fusion tubes to produce a fusion-tubegenerated membrane network (FTN). This network undergoes a series of morphological and biochemical changes, including the fo ...
Challenges to our current view on chloroplasts
... how such entities could retain or even change their shape. Moreover, the situation became more complex with the (at least) third re-discovery of ‘stromules’ – stroma-filled tubules – by Köhler et al. (1997). When the flowering plants tobacco and petunia were stably transformed with DNA, encoding a ...
... how such entities could retain or even change their shape. Moreover, the situation became more complex with the (at least) third re-discovery of ‘stromules’ – stroma-filled tubules – by Köhler et al. (1997). When the flowering plants tobacco and petunia were stably transformed with DNA, encoding a ...
Endocrine System
... bloodstream, they come into contact with many different cells however they only bind with cells that have matching receptor cells, called target cells. ...
... bloodstream, they come into contact with many different cells however they only bind with cells that have matching receptor cells, called target cells. ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... Salinisation of agricultural land hampers food production in many areas of the world (Amtmann et al. 2004; Munns and Tester 2008). Most land plants, including all major crops, are unable to grow if salt concentration of the soil solution exceeds 100 mM. However, a small and diverse range of plant sp ...
... Salinisation of agricultural land hampers food production in many areas of the world (Amtmann et al. 2004; Munns and Tester 2008). Most land plants, including all major crops, are unable to grow if salt concentration of the soil solution exceeds 100 mM. However, a small and diverse range of plant sp ...
20. A Cellular Adventure
... energy to make, organelles to see, and places to go. Ryan: You organelles can be so touchy sometimes. Let me see if I have this right. You use sugars and fatty acids to make energy for the cell. Mitochondria: You’re right. Very Good. Excellent. Ryan: It seems I really have been learning some things ...
... energy to make, organelles to see, and places to go. Ryan: You organelles can be so touchy sometimes. Let me see if I have this right. You use sugars and fatty acids to make energy for the cell. Mitochondria: You’re right. Very Good. Excellent. Ryan: It seems I really have been learning some things ...
Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
... • Vitelline cord – attaches ileum to umbilicus • Meckel’s diverticulum – persistent proximal part of vitelline duct occurs in 2% of normal individuals Combinations of the above may also occur Persistent vitelline duct of any degree may contain ectopic gastric mucosa ad pancreatic acini causing intes ...
... • Vitelline cord – attaches ileum to umbilicus • Meckel’s diverticulum – persistent proximal part of vitelline duct occurs in 2% of normal individuals Combinations of the above may also occur Persistent vitelline duct of any degree may contain ectopic gastric mucosa ad pancreatic acini causing intes ...
Chapter 4 Powerpoint lecture
... • Low to high concentration (against gradient) – cell must expend energy: • Active transport of substances requires a transporter protein and ATP. • Group translocation of substances requires a transporter protein and PEP. (phospheonolpyruvic acid) ...
... • Low to high concentration (against gradient) – cell must expend energy: • Active transport of substances requires a transporter protein and ATP. • Group translocation of substances requires a transporter protein and PEP. (phospheonolpyruvic acid) ...
Engagement of the inhibitory receptor CD158a
... Using fluorescence imaging, we investigated the effect of simultaneous co-triggering of TCR and KIR receptors on the membrane redistribution events at the contact zone between CTL and RCC targets. FITC-CT-B labeled CTL were stimulated with HP or DM tumor targets and stained with anti-Ptyr mAbs (Ptyr ...
... Using fluorescence imaging, we investigated the effect of simultaneous co-triggering of TCR and KIR receptors on the membrane redistribution events at the contact zone between CTL and RCC targets. FITC-CT-B labeled CTL were stimulated with HP or DM tumor targets and stained with anti-Ptyr mAbs (Ptyr ...
Low voltage field emission scanning electron microscopy of
... electron gun1. The high brightness of the field-emission gun (FEG) guarantees a resolution of 2-3 nm at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV, a value which can only be achieved at approximately 25 kV with a LaB6 cathode. Between 1-5 kV, a resolution can be achieved which is still better than the conventi ...
... electron gun1. The high brightness of the field-emission gun (FEG) guarantees a resolution of 2-3 nm at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV, a value which can only be achieved at approximately 25 kV with a LaB6 cathode. Between 1-5 kV, a resolution can be achieved which is still better than the conventi ...
Chapter 4 Powerpoint Show
... • Cellulose, chitin (fungal), glucan & mannan (yeast) • Glycocalyx surround animal cells (strength, attachment to other cells) • Carbohydrates extending from animal plasma membrane • Bonded to proteins and lipids in membrane ...
... • Cellulose, chitin (fungal), glucan & mannan (yeast) • Glycocalyx surround animal cells (strength, attachment to other cells) • Carbohydrates extending from animal plasma membrane • Bonded to proteins and lipids in membrane ...
PDF
... RNAi experiments were performed by feeding (Kamath et al., 2001), using RNAi clones obtained from Geneservice, with the exception of the unc-53L RNAi clone pVA504, which was generated by cloning a 0.3-kb XhoI-NcoI PCR fragment corresponding to nucleotides 1 to 280 (exons 1-4) of the unc53 cDNA from ...
... RNAi experiments were performed by feeding (Kamath et al., 2001), using RNAi clones obtained from Geneservice, with the exception of the unc-53L RNAi clone pVA504, which was generated by cloning a 0.3-kb XhoI-NcoI PCR fragment corresponding to nucleotides 1 to 280 (exons 1-4) of the unc53 cDNA from ...
Pressure effects on lipids and bio
... reduction in volume (Royer, 1995) and, in lipid assemblies, the net result of increasing pressure is a reduction in hydrocarbon chain motion and a corresponding increase in chain ordering (Skanes et al., 2006). These effects will tend to reduce the cross-sectional area of the lipid hydrocarbon tails ...
... reduction in volume (Royer, 1995) and, in lipid assemblies, the net result of increasing pressure is a reduction in hydrocarbon chain motion and a corresponding increase in chain ordering (Skanes et al., 2006). These effects will tend to reduce the cross-sectional area of the lipid hydrocarbon tails ...
Chen Tenwek 2015 Bullous Keratopathy
... Ablation of nerve plexus Lin P et al. Combined phototherapeutic keratectomy and therapeutic contact lens for recurrent erosions in bullous keratopathy. BJO 2001;85:908-11. Maini R et al. A comparison of different depth ablations in the treatment of painful bullous keratopathy with phototherapeutic ...
... Ablation of nerve plexus Lin P et al. Combined phototherapeutic keratectomy and therapeutic contact lens for recurrent erosions in bullous keratopathy. BJO 2001;85:908-11. Maini R et al. A comparison of different depth ablations in the treatment of painful bullous keratopathy with phototherapeutic ...
Localization of proteins involved in endocytosis at tubulobulbar
... release. It replaces another testis specific junctional complex, the ectoplasmic specialization. TBCs evaginate from the cytoplasm of mature spermatids to penetrate into the surrounding Sertoli-cell cytoplasm. The structure is made up of a tubular portion surrounded by filamentous actin and a bulbou ...
... release. It replaces another testis specific junctional complex, the ectoplasmic specialization. TBCs evaginate from the cytoplasm of mature spermatids to penetrate into the surrounding Sertoli-cell cytoplasm. The structure is made up of a tubular portion surrounded by filamentous actin and a bulbou ...
Cell cycle–dependent phosphorylation of Sec4p controls membrane
... No significant change in phosphorylation was observed when sucrose was the only carbon source. Additionally, the nitrogen starvation conditions contained ample glucose, but still showed a significant decrease in Sec4p phosphorylation, suggesting that glucose repression was not responsible for the ch ...
... No significant change in phosphorylation was observed when sucrose was the only carbon source. Additionally, the nitrogen starvation conditions contained ample glucose, but still showed a significant decrease in Sec4p phosphorylation, suggesting that glucose repression was not responsible for the ch ...
Osmotic Water Permeability of Isolated Protoplasts. Modifications
... cell dimensions, induced by an osmoticum change in the external medium. Measurements of Pos by standard light microscopy have been performed on epidermal cells (Url, 1971; Stadelmann and Lee-Stadelmann, 1989) and more recently on mouse oocytes (Gao et al., 1994, 1996). When individual cells cannot b ...
... cell dimensions, induced by an osmoticum change in the external medium. Measurements of Pos by standard light microscopy have been performed on epidermal cells (Url, 1971; Stadelmann and Lee-Stadelmann, 1989) and more recently on mouse oocytes (Gao et al., 1994, 1996). When individual cells cannot b ...
Science Quarter 4 Lessons
... Microscopes, micrographs, safety procedures, models and illustrations must be used to observe cells from many different types of organisms. Representative cells from eubacteria (cynaobacteria), protista (algae, amoeba, diatoms, euglena, volvox) and fungi (common mushrooms, bread molds) must be obse ...
... Microscopes, micrographs, safety procedures, models and illustrations must be used to observe cells from many different types of organisms. Representative cells from eubacteria (cynaobacteria), protista (algae, amoeba, diatoms, euglena, volvox) and fungi (common mushrooms, bread molds) must be obse ...
to get the file - Oxford Brookes University
... Total proteins were extracted from roots of three GFPHDEL lines and three secGFP lines that represented the range of ¯uorescence exhibited by each transgenic population. Protein probed with anti-GFP revealed that both secGFP and GFP-HDEL accumulation correlated positively with the intensity of GFP ¯ ...
... Total proteins were extracted from roots of three GFPHDEL lines and three secGFP lines that represented the range of ¯uorescence exhibited by each transgenic population. Protein probed with anti-GFP revealed that both secGFP and GFP-HDEL accumulation correlated positively with the intensity of GFP ¯ ...
The `ins` and `outs` of flavonoid transport
... Subcellular sites of flavonoid biosynthesis The enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis are believed to be localized on the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), organized into a multi-enzyme complex centered around the ER-associated cytochrome P450 enzymes cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3 ...
... Subcellular sites of flavonoid biosynthesis The enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis are believed to be localized on the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), organized into a multi-enzyme complex centered around the ER-associated cytochrome P450 enzymes cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3 ...
the versatile bacterial type iv secretion systems
... Since the discovery of conjugation systems, a vast body of literature has accumulated describing the factors governing the expression of transfer (tra) genes, the assembly and overall architectures of the conjugation machines, the contributions of various subunits to substrate transfer, and, most re ...
... Since the discovery of conjugation systems, a vast body of literature has accumulated describing the factors governing the expression of transfer (tra) genes, the assembly and overall architectures of the conjugation machines, the contributions of various subunits to substrate transfer, and, most re ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.