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Oral Cavity
Oral Cavity

... Definition of the rima oris- opening between the lips  also called labial fissure Sublingual Fossa = Floor of the mouth 1. Oral cavity- The oral cavity is made up of two parts. A. Vestibule  Between the gums and the cheek - Buccal side of gums and teeth B. Oral cavity proper  part that lies withi ...
Molecular paleontology and complexity in the last eukaryotic
Molecular paleontology and complexity in the last eukaryotic

... Figure 2. Possible scenarios for the FECA to LECA transition. The top schema depicts the periods of prokaryotic (blue) and eukaryotic (red) evolution, separated by a transition period, which is expanded for clarity. Relative distances on the x-axis are arbitrary, and note that the earliest times sho ...
Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy for characterisation of
Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy for characterisation of

... [20,21]. This exploits the phenomenon of surface plasmon generation in thin metal films and the total internal reflection of light at a surface-solution interface to produce an electromagnetic film or evanescent wave that extends a short distance (up to 300 nm) into the solution (see other reviews for ...
Multiscale View of Cytoskeletal Mechanoregulation of Cell and
Multiscale View of Cytoskeletal Mechanoregulation of Cell and

... Asymmetric distribution of molecules, sub-cellular structures, and organelles is a hallmark of many cell types. These basic asymmetries can lead to local changes in cell shape and/or function, transiently or constitutively, and are largely known as cell polarity. In fact, polarity is a fundamental p ...
C-terminal EH-domain-containing proteins
C-terminal EH-domain-containing proteins

... from species as diverse as yeast and mammals. Proteins that have an EH domain can carry out a variety of crucial cellular functions ranging from regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation to control of the endocytic pathway. EH domains bind to proteins t ...
pdf: Xu et al. 2008
pdf: Xu et al. 2008

... the fei1 fei2 mutant. The expansion defect in fei1 fei2 roots was suppressed by inhibition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, an enzyme that converts Ado-Met to ACC in ethylene biosynthesis, but not by disruption of the ethylene response pathway. Furthermore, the FEI proteins in ...
Biology 2121 Review – Cell Structure and Function (Chapter 3
Biology 2121 Review – Cell Structure and Function (Chapter 3

... 1. Know the 3 basic parts of the cell 2. Know the basics of the cell theory. 3. Know that somatic or body cells contain 46 chromosomes and the gametes 23 chromosomes. 4. Know the location, structure and function of each organelle below:  Mitochondria; centrioles; cytoskeleton; peroxisomes; lysosome ...
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex

... Fig. 3. (A) Vesicle budding and fusion. Activation of a small G protein (such as Arf1 or Sar1) (red) by the exchange of GDP for GTP results in the recruitment of a coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the fo ...
THE BACTERIA toxin
THE BACTERIA toxin

... blood cell with resultant anemia. 2. Leukocidins- Again, there are many different types of leukocidins, and some are specific for only one type of leukocyte. However, the end result in lysis of leukocytes with resultant leukopenia. 3.Phospholipase- This enzyme attacks any cell with phospholipid in i ...
Cell size: a consequence of growth and division?
Cell size: a consequence of growth and division?

... instance, insulin/PI 3-kinase signalling has been implicated in the regulation of protein synthesis, metabolism, cell division, cell survival, and pre- and post-natal growth (Coffer et al., 1998; Shepherd et al., 1998; Efstratiadis, 1998). Data suggesting that this pathway can modulate the size of m ...
An Abscisic Acid-Activated and Calcium-lndependent
An Abscisic Acid-Activated and Calcium-lndependent

... ABA Activates a 48-kD Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase from Guard Cell Protoplasts in a Ca2+-lndependent Manner The routine yield of guard cell protoplasts (GCPs) from 30 leaflets of fava bean was ~5 x 106 with 99.9% purity (calculated on a cell basis by counting a sample of ~6000 cells). The purifie ...
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules

... individual cells occur without inertia, the world of very small Re. Here, external body forces (such as gravity) or internal forces (such as the thrust due to bacterial flagella) are balanced by the drag on particles due to fluid viscosity. In this regime, the transport of molecular species occurs b ...
Effects of Lignification, Cellulose Crystallinity and Enzyme
Effects of Lignification, Cellulose Crystallinity and Enzyme

... manner in which crystallin e microfibr il s are interconnec t ed with one anot her . In the past, microfibrils were thought to be interconnec ted by cell wall mat rix components (hem ice llul oses and lignin). Therefore, it was hypothe s ized that the major factor lim iting the cellul ose microfibri ...
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules

... individual cells occur without inertia, the world of very small Re. Here, external body forces (such as gravity) or internal forces (such as the thrust due to bacterial flagella) are balanced by the drag on particles due to fluid viscosity. In this regime, the transport of molecular species occurs b ...


... Strains. The C. neoformans isolates used in this study included strains H99 (serotype A, wild type), Cap 67 (derived from serotype D and lacking a GXM capsule), and 2E-TU and 2E-TUC (serotype D, LAC1 gene deletion and reconstituted laccase mutants) (46). Yeast cells were cultivated in a minimal medi ...
Name Period _________ Due date _____________ FROG
Name Period _________ Due date _____________ FROG

... Fat bodies – spaghetti shaped structures that have a bright orange or yellow color. Fat bodies may need to be removed to see other structures. They are usually located just inside the abdominal wall. Peritoneum – A spider web-like membrane that covers many of the organs. You may need to carefully re ...
Fig. - Journal of Cell Science
Fig. - Journal of Cell Science

... changes through the cell division cycle has been in visualizing organelles and cellular structures in a three-dimensional (3D) context. Confocal microscopy has been an invaluable tool in recent years, but requires cellular structures to be labelled with a fluorophore, so usually only one or two diff ...
Encapsulation Services
Encapsulation Services

... which the dissolved lipids self-assemble into liposomes as IPA quickly diffuses and dilutes into two aqueous streams at the interfacial region.  The lipid IPA solution is injected into the center channel of the microfluidics network, while phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is injected into two side c ...
Intracellular Triggering of Fas Aggregation and Recruitment of
Intracellular Triggering of Fas Aggregation and Recruitment of

... Selective Fas Activation in Tumor Cells ...
Cell Structure and Functions
Cell Structure and Functions

... 35. Since carbon cannot be broken down into simpler substances, it is an example of a(n) compound. _________________________ ...
Muscular System Overview of Muscle Tissues • Types of Muscle
Muscular System Overview of Muscle Tissues • Types of Muscle

... 5. The hydrolysis of ATP, which leads to the re-energizing and repositioning of the myosin head • The release of the myosin head from actin triggers the hydrolysis (i.e., a chemical process in which an enzyme uses water to split one molecule into smaller parts) of the ATP molecule into ADP and Pi • ...


... Strains. The C. neoformans isolates used in this study included strains H99 (serotype A, wild type), Cap 67 (derived from serotype D and lacking a GXM capsule), and 2E-TU and 2E-TUC (serotype D, LAC1 gene deletion and reconstituted laccase mutants) (46). Yeast cells were cultivated in a minimal medi ...
No. 20
No. 20

... 6. The labyrinthine wall (medial wall) It is the lateral wall of the inner ear. A rounded elevation on the middle of this wall is named the promontory. Posterosuperior to the tympanic promontory is the fenestra vestibuli (oval window) being closed by the base of the stapes and annular ligament. The ...
From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth
From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth

... species are rather uniform in shape and size during vegetative growth. Therefore, growing bacteria must have robust mechanisms to maintain their shape and pass it on to their progeny. How bacteria achieve this remains a fundamental question in microbiology. The peptidoglycan sacculus maintains cell ...
On the Status of the Anterior Processes of th Male
On the Status of the Anterior Processes of th Male

... rated into the pygofer that they are difficult to recognize. Among the fulgorids they are most plainly to be seen in the Tettigometridae, the most generalized of the superfamily. The genus Ellry",ela" and its allies fonn some of the most generalized of the Jassidae, and among them we find the genita ...
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Cell membrane



The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.
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