Properties of , -Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones
... Oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles undergo conjugate additions. Conjugate additions of water, alcohols, amines and similar nucleophiles undergo 1,4 additions: ...
... Oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles undergo conjugate additions. Conjugate additions of water, alcohols, amines and similar nucleophiles undergo 1,4 additions: ...
A2 LEVEL CHEMISTRY 4.1.1 ARENES TEST Answer all questions
... In this question, one mark is available for the quality of use and organisation of scientific terms. Describe how benzene could be converted into nitrobenzene. State the reagents and conditions, give a balanced equation for each stage and show the structure of the product. ...
... In this question, one mark is available for the quality of use and organisation of scientific terms. Describe how benzene could be converted into nitrobenzene. State the reagents and conditions, give a balanced equation for each stage and show the structure of the product. ...
Chapter 4:Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions:
... When mixing a solute with the solvent, attractions between the like substances must break while attractions between solute-solvent are formed. If the new solute-solvent attractions are strong enough, the solute will dissolve. Water is a polar molecule with uneven distribution of electrons: (more on ...
... When mixing a solute with the solvent, attractions between the like substances must break while attractions between solute-solvent are formed. If the new solute-solvent attractions are strong enough, the solute will dissolve. Water is a polar molecule with uneven distribution of electrons: (more on ...
Chemical Reactions - Johnston County Schools
... Substances other than hydrocarbons can also combust. However, you may not be able to tell whether it’s combustion from the chemical equation alone. Remember that combustion must have O2 as a reactant and must release (exothermic) heat and light energy. Reactions with O2.mov ...
... Substances other than hydrocarbons can also combust. However, you may not be able to tell whether it’s combustion from the chemical equation alone. Remember that combustion must have O2 as a reactant and must release (exothermic) heat and light energy. Reactions with O2.mov ...
Halogenoalkanes
... Note that this reaction is very exothermic so the solution must be cold, or dry ice (solid CO2 at –78o C used instead). ...
... Note that this reaction is very exothermic so the solution must be cold, or dry ice (solid CO2 at –78o C used instead). ...
Alkene/Alkyne Addition Reactions
... obtained from the addition of an unsymmetrical reagent such as H-Br, H-Cl, or H-OH to an alkene or alkyne is the one obtained when the H atom of the reagent is added to the C atom of the multiple bond that already has the greater number of H atoms. “The rich get richer” ...
... obtained from the addition of an unsymmetrical reagent such as H-Br, H-Cl, or H-OH to an alkene or alkyne is the one obtained when the H atom of the reagent is added to the C atom of the multiple bond that already has the greater number of H atoms. “The rich get richer” ...
Preparation of an Alkyl Halide Nucleophilic Substitution, S
... sp3 hybridized carbon is a very common method of functional group interconversion. Nu: represents an atom or group of atoms that has nucleophic character. The nucleophile donates its electron pair to form a new covalent bond to carbon as the leaving group takes an electron pair with it. ...
... sp3 hybridized carbon is a very common method of functional group interconversion. Nu: represents an atom or group of atoms that has nucleophic character. The nucleophile donates its electron pair to form a new covalent bond to carbon as the leaving group takes an electron pair with it. ...
Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules
... hydrogenation to distinguish the nature of unsaturation in a molecule. • This is done by comparing the degrees of unsaturation before and after a molecule is treated with H2. • The number of degrees of unsaturation lost = the number of bonds. • The number of degrees of unsaturation remaining in th ...
... hydrogenation to distinguish the nature of unsaturation in a molecule. • This is done by comparing the degrees of unsaturation before and after a molecule is treated with H2. • The number of degrees of unsaturation lost = the number of bonds. • The number of degrees of unsaturation remaining in th ...
ISOMERISM - Knockhardy
... • the two different forms are known as OPTICAL ISOMERS or ENANTIOMERS and occur when molecules have a CHIRAL centre. • to find such a centre, look for an ASYMMETRIC CARBON ATOM ... one with four different atoms, or groups of atoms arranged tetrahedrally around it. ...
... • the two different forms are known as OPTICAL ISOMERS or ENANTIOMERS and occur when molecules have a CHIRAL centre. • to find such a centre, look for an ASYMMETRIC CARBON ATOM ... one with four different atoms, or groups of atoms arranged tetrahedrally around it. ...
Synthesis of Imidine Hydrochloride and Some
... NH.HCl R C OEt Most unsubstituted aromatic and aliphatic nitriles are ineffective in the base-catalyzed process, but can be ...
... NH.HCl R C OEt Most unsubstituted aromatic and aliphatic nitriles are ineffective in the base-catalyzed process, but can be ...
Chemical Equations and Reactions
... acidic solutions to replace the hydrogen in the acid. The products are a metal compound (a salt) and hydrogen gas. ...
... acidic solutions to replace the hydrogen in the acid. The products are a metal compound (a salt) and hydrogen gas. ...
Derivatization of polar compounds for GC - Sigma
... •For many derivatization reactions, water is the enemy • Interferes by competing with the sample for the derivatization reaction • Both degradation of reagents and derivatives themselves •Sufficiently dry samples prior to derivatization • This can be done with gentle heating and/or under a stream of ...
... •For many derivatization reactions, water is the enemy • Interferes by competing with the sample for the derivatization reaction • Both degradation of reagents and derivatives themselves •Sufficiently dry samples prior to derivatization • This can be done with gentle heating and/or under a stream of ...
Unit 3: Reactions of Alkenes. Thermodynamics and Kinetics
... This symbol indicates that the reaction takes place under standard conditions --all species at 1 M, 25 OC, and 1 atm. ...
... This symbol indicates that the reaction takes place under standard conditions --all species at 1 M, 25 OC, and 1 atm. ...
OChem 1 Mechanism Flashcards Dr. Peter Norris, 2015
... Proceeds with “backside attack” and “stereochemical inversion” ...
... Proceeds with “backside attack” and “stereochemical inversion” ...
Total Synthesis of Phorboxazole A. 2. Assembly of Subunits and
... 22 (1:4, respectively) was treated with TBAF to remove the remaining pair of TBDPS ethers and then with aqueous hydrochloric acid to hydrolyze the methyl acetal. After chromatographic purification to remove the minor (E) isomer, synthetic phorboxazole A (1) was obtained which was identical, by compa ...
... 22 (1:4, respectively) was treated with TBAF to remove the remaining pair of TBDPS ethers and then with aqueous hydrochloric acid to hydrolyze the methyl acetal. After chromatographic purification to remove the minor (E) isomer, synthetic phorboxazole A (1) was obtained which was identical, by compa ...
Organic Chemistry
... Synthetic organic chemistry is an applied science as it borders engineering, the "design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes". Organic synthesis of a novel compound is a problem solving task, where a synthesis is designed for a target molecule by selecting optimal reaction ...
... Synthetic organic chemistry is an applied science as it borders engineering, the "design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes". Organic synthesis of a novel compound is a problem solving task, where a synthesis is designed for a target molecule by selecting optimal reaction ...
Enantioselective synthesis
Enantioselective synthesis, also called chiral synthesis or asymmetric synthesis, is defined by IUPAC as: a chemical reaction (or reaction sequence) in which one or more new elements of chirality are formed in a substrate molecule and which produces the stereoisomeric (enantiomeric or diastereoisomeric) products in unequal amounts.Put more simply: it is the synthesis of a compound by a method that favors the formation of a specific enantiomer or diastereomer.Enantioselective synthesis is a key process in modern chemistry and is particularly important in the field of pharmaceuticals, as the different enantiomers or diastereomers of a molecule often have different biological activity.