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A Critical Review of the Role of the Proposed VMpo Nucleus in Pain
A Critical Review of the Role of the Proposed VMpo Nucleus in Pain

... nucleus was based on the presence of a plexus of calbindin-immunostained axons. The identification of central nervous system nuclei is usually based on cytoarchitecture, rather than on fiber architecture, although the patterns of connections of a nucleus are obviously important. A major problem is t ...
CURRICULUM VITAE
CURRICULUM VITAE

... Recent discovery of an allosteric binding site on the cannabinoid CB1 receptor invites new approaches to potential drugs that modulate cannabinoid signaling for therapeutic benefit. Several GPCRs have been shown to contain allosteric binding sites for endogenous/synthetic ligands which are discrete ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex

... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
Kwartaalbericht
Kwartaalbericht

... typical absence epilepsy. Furthermore it is indicated for bipolar disorder. For people of 18 years and older is it also indicated for prevention of depressive episodes in patients with a bipolar I disorder who mainly experience depressive episodes [1]. Lamotrigine is a voltage-dependent blocker of v ...
Lesson Plan
Lesson Plan

... the cell than outside the cell. ■■ Animate the slide and tell the students there are more Na+ ions outside the cell than inside the cell. ■■ Animate the slide and tell the students there are more K+ ions inside the cell than outside the cell. ...
PLANT PHENOLICS AS DRUG LEADS с WHAT IS MISSING?
PLANT PHENOLICS AS DRUG LEADS с WHAT IS MISSING?

... for human health; they are seldom pharmacologically inert and last but not least, they are known to share certain metabolic pathways, by which they are conjugated and excreted, like other xenobiotics, from human body (9ñ12). Plant phenolics are in fact well suited for a concept of reverse pharmacolo ...
Evolutionary Connectionism and Mind/Brain Modularity - laral
Evolutionary Connectionism and Mind/Brain Modularity - laral

... rather than being innate. In this chapter we argue for a form of connectionism which is not anti-modularist or antiinnatist. Connectionist modules are anatomically separated and/or functionally specialized parts of a neural network and they may be the result of a process of evolution in a population ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
Does the End Justify the Means?

... role in a possible model of imitation (Arbib et al., 2000). The human homologue of F5 is believed to be Broca’s area (left inferior frontal and gyrus), which would have similar mirror properties (see Rizzolatti et al., 2001). Indeed, an fMRI performed by Iacoboni et al. (1999) found this area during ...
Evolutionary Connectionism and Mind/Brain Modularity - laral
Evolutionary Connectionism and Mind/Brain Modularity - laral

... rather than being innate. In this chapter we argue for a form of connectionism which is not anti-modularist or antiinnatist. Connectionist modules are anatomically separated and/or functionally specialized parts of a neural network and they may be the result of a process of evolution in a population ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics

... neuronal activity from the bilateral medial frontal cortex, including the pmPFC and the Figure 3. Time-dependent plots of neuronal selectivity for the tactics and action under the three behavioral conditions (data are supplementary motor area (SMA). In both for the same neuron shown in Fig. 2A). The ...
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

... NSAIDs. NSAIDs are also called anti-pyretic-analgesic & anti-inflammatory drugs. Aspirin is the prototype, so ASPIRIN-LIKE DRUGs is another name for them. Their chemical structures differ in a large range, but have no steroidal structure, so they are also called non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
Functional maps within a single neuron

... 2008), such metaplasticity would affect intrinsic plasticity mechanisms as well, thus altering various intraneuronal maps, either locally or globally, in an intricately coupled manner. Several common themes emerge by comparing plasticity in these intraneuronal maps to plasticity in sensory maps. For ...
Drug target for lymphatic filariasis
Drug target for lymphatic filariasis

... the knowledge about the involvement of various parasitic genes of nematodes through the silencing or knockdown approach30–31, as in the case of Ce could also be targeted for drug discovery and design. Proteomic approach in filarial research The terms ‘Proteomics’ and ‘Proteome’, were first time used ...
Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila
Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila

... it is possible that this activity depends on signaling through endocytosed receptors (Satoh et al., 2008). Mutations in shrub, which encodes a homolog of yeast Snf7 involved in trafficking from endosomes to lysosomes, also lead to hyperbranching, potentially owing to the defective modulation of rece ...
Pain and the Neuromatrix in the Brain
Pain and the Neuromatrix in the Brain

... a result, cortisol is released in larger amounts, producing a greater loss of hippocampal fibers and a cascading deleterious effect. This is found in aging primates and presumably also occurs in humans. It could explain the increase of chronic pain problems among older people. The cortisol output by ...
17. Pathways and Integrative Functions
17. Pathways and Integrative Functions

... 2004 after a long bout with Alzheimer disease. More than a decade earlier, Mr. Reagan had publicly revealed the onset of his illness by saying, “At the moment, I feel just fine.” Alzheimer disease is a progressive dementia that debilitates the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and usua ...
Occlusion and brain function: mastication as a prevention of
Occlusion and brain function: mastication as a prevention of

... learning and memory. Indeed, in several psychological studies using human subjects, it has been shown that chewing (57–61) or even sucking (58) a piece of sugarfree, spearmint flavoured, chewing gum improved the score of immediate or delayed word recall, the sensitivity index of the spatial working- ...
Acute and Chronic Effects of 3-4 - Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psych
Acute and Chronic Effects of 3-4 - Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psych

... The brain is sensitive to toxic agents because of low antioxidant and cell membrane lipids (14). As mentioned above, MDMA treatment can impair learning and memory (15). It has been reported that MDMA treatment leads to reduction in preference for the target quadrant in the Morris water maze (16) and ...
A flexible genetic toolkit for arthropod neurogenesis
A flexible genetic toolkit for arthropod neurogenesis

... suggesting that Ek ASH is required for neural progenitor maturation (figure 3). Two mechanisms might contribute to the variations in patterning neural precursors/progenitors in the neuroectoderm in arthropods. Firstly, the variations could be due to changes in the prepatterning mechanisms regulating ...
- sagelink.ca
- sagelink.ca

... When the spouse is the main caregiver, he or she may have lost his or her long “confidante” and may not be able to vent such feelings to anyone for some time. This issue needs to be addressed with care providers. Suggestions to improve care providers’ wellness may include stepping back and taking a ...
A Candidate Pathway for a Visual Instructional Signal to the Barn
A Candidate Pathway for a Visual Instructional Signal to the Barn

... important for the premotor control of head movements in response to auditory and visual stimuli (head saccades; du Lac and Knudsen, 1990). In respect to the issue of map alignment, this suggests that the instructive signal to the auditory space map is delivered by collaterals from neurons that inner ...
Reaction Time and Reflexes – Lab #11 - Science-with
Reaction Time and Reflexes – Lab #11 - Science-with

... your eyes: reflexes and reactions. You automatically closed your eyes as the object approached and you may have ducked your head out of the way. Closing your eyes automatically is a reflex. A reflex is an autonomic (or involuntary) response to a stimulus that helps to protect the body from injury. R ...
Final Exam: Due Friday, April 2
Final Exam: Due Friday, April 2

... Certain mental disorders are either caused or accompanied by neurochemical abnormalities. True or False: T F Biologic effects may secondarily affect psychological functioning in a number of ways, among them: a. Altered perception b. Increased emotional sensitivity and reduced emotional controls c. D ...
a review on: sustained release technology
a review on: sustained release technology

... levels over an extended period. To this, drug must enter the circulation at approximately the same rate at which it is eliminated. The elimination rate is quantitatively described by the half-life. Each drug has its own characteristics elimination rate, which is the sum of all elimination processes ...
Reactions versus Reflexes Lab - biology-with
Reactions versus Reflexes Lab - biology-with

... Most  reflexes  are  polysynaptic  (involving  more  than  two  neurons)  and  involve  the  activity  of  interneurons  (or  association  neurons)  in  the  integration  center.  Some  reflexes;  however,  are  monosynaptic ("one synapse") and only involve two neurons, one sensory and one motor. Si ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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