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Chapter 21: Control and Coordination
Chapter 21: Control and Coordination

... Every mental process and physical action of the body is associated with the structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Therefore, any injury to the brain or the spinal cord can be serious. A severe blow to the head can bruise the brain and cause temporary or permanent loss of mental a ...
Activity of Krebs cycle enzymes in mdx mice - Genoma
Activity of Krebs cycle enzymes in mdx mice - Genoma

... changes reported in energy metabolism7 and oxidative stress6 in the brain previously found by our research group. DMD is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness. At the cellular level, the loss of dystrophin initiates a complex series of pathophysiological changes that drive skeleta ...
Neurochemical Neutralization of Methamphetamine With High
Neurochemical Neutralization of Methamphetamine With High

... whereas increased release of NE in both the peripheral and central nervous systems is thought to mediate its cardiovascular effects. The neurotoxic effects of METH on both dopaminergic and serotonergic nerves requires the transport of METH into the nerve terminals (Seiden et al., 1993). Thus, transp ...
Prescribing Information
Prescribing Information

... Stimulants, including DYANAVEL XR, used to treat ADHD are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud's phenomenon. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; however, very rare sequelae include digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown. Effects of peripheral vasculop ...
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during

... (position: line, velocity: gray shading). (D) Pursuit of a horizontally moving target (headfree condition) to the right. Presentation sequence is as in C. Note that the animal, in this case almost exclusively, uses head movements to pursue the target (in particular in C). The neuron’s firing rate (v ...
dmpi update sept 17 2015 final
dmpi update sept 17 2015 final

... potential applications of VAL-083 in other cancerous tumor types beyond its current Phase I/II refractory GBM clinical trial into nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other solid tumors. We see the announcement as a positive step for DelMar and note that it brings total funding from NRC-IRAP to CDN ...
A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal
A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal

... (DSGCs), are specialized for detecting motion along specific axes of the visual field1. Despite extensive study of the retinal circuitry that endows DSGCs with their unique tuning properties2,3, their downstream circuitry in the brain and thus their contribution to visual processing has remained unc ...
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics

... central to the playing of music30 (e). LTD, long-term depression; LTP, long-term potentiation. ...
Ketamine
Ketamine

... to bind to opioid receptors and sigma receptors.  The drug was first given to American soldiers during the Vietnam War. * NB not associated with MDMA ...
Saw Palmetto Botany
Saw Palmetto Botany

... • If used as an anthelminthic, the patients should be monitored to ensure efficacy. • Caution should be taken to monitor urine output. As with any diuretic, forced diuresis with urinary obstruction may cause nephrotoxicity. ...
A monument of inefficiency: The presumed course of the recurrent
A monument of inefficiency: The presumed course of the recurrent

... White 1968; Beckers et al. 2004). In a comprehensive review of animal sound production, Senter (2008: 255) found “no anatomical evidence for vocal ability” in non−avian dino− saurs. In the absence of data, the most that can be said is that if sauropods produced or modulated sounds using their la− ry ...
Tracking Whole-Brain Connectivity Dynamics in the Resting State
Tracking Whole-Brain Connectivity Dynamics in the Resting State

... refined and fine-grained parcellation of these large-scale networks into a multitude of smaller constituents (Kiviniemi et al. 2009; Abou-Elseoud et al. 2010; Allen et al. 2011), and also shows that these networks are not conditional upon a task-free resting state but are equally involved in task perf ...
The position of drugs used in traditional medicine within the Indian
The position of drugs used in traditional medicine within the Indian

... have been patented by the foreign entities, claiming them as „innovations” in spite of the fact that they are already available in the public domain and so cannot be patented under the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Unfortunately, the ancient texts and treatises are available in not easily acce ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... CENTRAL PROCESS - the part of the axon of a sensory ganglion cell that conducts impulses from the perikaryon to the central nervous system. RECEPTOR - any structure which detects a change in its environment and causes the transmission of a nerve impulse in an afferent fiber. EFFECTOR - a muscle or g ...
22. ANS.Neuroscience
22. ANS.Neuroscience

... Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System • Like the somatic nervous system:  It is distributed both in the central and peripheral nervous system  It has both afferent & efferent components and contains afferent neurons, efferent neurons and interneurons  The visceral receptors include chemor ...
The Receptive Fields of Inferior Temporal Cortex Neurons in Natural
The Receptive Fields of Inferior Temporal Cortex Neurons in Natural

... Inferior temporal cortex neurons have generally been found to have large visual receptive fields that typically include the fovea and extend throughout much of the visual field. However, a problem of such a large receptive field is that it does not easily support object selection by subsequent proce ...
Neural stem cells - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Neural stem cells - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

... niche that are sometimes called ‘horizontal astrocytes’. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of the proliferation and differentiation of each of these cell types at the hippocampal SGZ, Kempermann et al. (2006) took advantage of the fact that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is highly variable and he ...
Lemniscal recurrent and transcortical influences on
Lemniscal recurrent and transcortical influences on

... of CL neurons by intranuclear recurrent collateral branches of CL axons and via the lemniscal-thalamocortico-cuneate loop might constitute two linked synchronizing mechanisms. The CL fibers emit recurrent collaterals before entering the medial lemniscus (ML),10. and 22. and ML stimulation induces sy ...
ANS.Neuroscience.09
ANS.Neuroscience.09

... Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System • Like the somatic nervous system:  It is distributed both in the central and peripheral nervous system  It has both afferent & efferent components and contains afferent neurons, efferent neurons and interneurons  The visceral receptors include chemor ...
Skeletal System
Skeletal System

... Motor pathways involve two neurons, referred to as upper and lower motor neurons The pyramidal cells of the motor cortex, as well as the neurons in subcortical motor nuclei that give rise to other descending motor pathways, are called upper motor neurons The anterior horn motor neurons, which actual ...
Artificial neural networks and their application in biological and
Artificial neural networks and their application in biological and

... (VLSI) technologies succeeded to instigate a renewed interest in methods of information processing, including neural networks (Osowski 2013). The work of Hopefield (1982) on ANNs was a milestone of research in this field, and was continued in an increasing number of scientific centers. Hopefield’s w ...
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes

... to the frontal cortex. All cortical areas project to the input nuclei of the basal ganglia (caudate and putamen) but only frontal cortices (motor, premotor and prefrontal) receive the output of the basal ganglia via the thalamus. The simplified diagram shows only the ‘direct’ pathway through the bas ...
Magnetic resonance imaging indicators of blood
Magnetic resonance imaging indicators of blood

... lipoprotein receptor-related protein) [27], while hydrocephalus in 12 month rats was associated with diminished LRP-1 immunoreactivity [28]. Using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, hydrocephalic human infants showed no evidence for increased BBB permeability to 82Rb+, a positron-emitting a ...
Microtechnology-Based Multi-Organ Models
Microtechnology-Based Multi-Organ Models

... and CPA were metabolized by HepG2 cells and showed anticancer effects for the viability of A549 cells. The Shuler group [35] designed a microfluidic system, termed the microscale cell culture analog (µCCA), to mimic the intestine and the liver. The gastrointestinal (GI) µCCA was fabricated as a mode ...
Mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system
Mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system

... Neuron migration routes. Neuron migration routes in the developing mammalian brain are complex (Marín and Rubenstein, 2003; Ayala et al., 2007). The brain develops from the anterior end of the neural tube: a pseudo-stratified epithelial tube with its apical surface inside and basal surface outside. ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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