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- cK-12
- cK-12

... 8) What is the relationship between continental rifting and Pangaea? a) Continental rifting caused continents to come together to form Pangaea. b) Continental rifting tore Pangaea apart into separate continents. c) Continental rifting caused the land between the continents to drop down and form the ...
3A8 Week 03 Lecture 08-The Geology of Ireland Part One
3A8 Week 03 Lecture 08-The Geology of Ireland Part One

... continents produced by this rifting episode are Gondwana and Laurentia. • The Irish Palaeoproterozoic (c. 1.75 Ga) gneiss complex – the Annagh Gneisses – form part of Laurentia. ...
Name: :____________Per:___ Plate Tectonics Test 1. Who was the
Name: :____________Per:___ Plate Tectonics Test 1. Who was the

... 3. Heated material expands and rises, then cools. As it cools, it becomes denser and falls. This circular movement of material is called _ a. conduction b. radiation c. convection currents d. thermodynamics 4. The theory that states that the continents were once connected but drifted apart over time ...
Geologic Time Scale Study Guide
Geologic Time Scale Study Guide

... ­Put   the   following   periods   in   order   from   earliest   to   current:   Cretaceous,   Ordovician,  Carboniferous   (Pennsylvanian   and   Mississippian),   Triassic,   Quaternary,   Cambrian,  Permian,   Jurassic,   Silurian,   Tertiary,   Devonian.  Cambrian,   Ordovician,   Silurian,   D ...
Theory of Plate Tectonics
Theory of Plate Tectonics

... 1. Wegener’s evidence for continental drift did not explain how entire continents could change locations, so his theory was rejected by scientists of his time. 2. Wegener and the other scientists of his time did not know that Earth’s surface is broken into large, rigid, movable slabs of rock called ...
Across Down - Crossword Labs
Across Down - Crossword Labs

... were eroded from rocks on land. 7. Manganese _____ are hard lumps of manganese and other metals that precipitate around a smaller object. 9. Approximately 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by _______? ...
Untitled - Crossword Labs
Untitled - Crossword Labs

... humans and can stay under water for long periods of time. 12. The continental margin in the Pacific Ocean includes volcanic activity, ______, and plate interaction. 13. ___ is one type of technology scientists use to measure ocean depth. 14. Manganese nodules are an example of ____ sediment. 17. App ...
Essay Question Outline
Essay Question Outline

... Alfred Wegener: The Theory of Plate Tectonics a. Continental Drift • Started: All land was joined into 1 supercontinent called “Pangaea: • Over Time: Continents drifted apart creating Gondwanaland and Laurasia, then Laurasia broke apart into North America, Europe and Asia. Then Gondwanaland broke i ...
the earth´s relief - Junta de Andalucía
the earth´s relief - Junta de Andalucía

... ANSWER: 6. Fill in the blanks. The continents are the great land masses of the earth. There are six continents on Earth now: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, America. Asia and Europe are not separate land masses; they are divided by the Ural Mountains. The continent with the largest land ...
Plate Tectonics Reading Passage
Plate Tectonics Reading Passage

... locations they are in now. Our continents have changed and drifted closer together or farther  apart over the course of billions of years. The most recent time when all the continents were  part of the same landmass happened about 300 million years ago. Scientists have named this  huge landmass Pang ...
fundamentals of earth history
fundamentals of earth history

... c. Acadian Orogeny - Middle & Late Devonian (Old Red Sandstone & Catskill Delta) 4. Early Paleozoic Sediments a. Reefs b. Evaporites c. Deltas C. Mississippian to Triassic Time 1. Assembly of Pangea is Completed a. Laurasia - 8 or More Pieces b. Gondwana - Unit since Precambrian 2. Mobile Belts a. M ...
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics

... • Michigan itself has tropical fossils! During Pangaea we were MUCH closer to the equator! ...
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics

...  He suggested that all of the ____________________________________ were once ___________________________ together to form a _____________________________________________ Pangaea  Wegener called this super landmass _____________________________ and believed that it broke apart _____________________ ...
KS3 Russia
KS3 Russia

... When the western Siberia plate smashed into the Baltica and North America plate, this action pushed up the land to make the Ural Mountains, and formed the supercontinent of Laurasia. But the Ural Mountains are not as eroded as the Appalachians; some of them still have glaciers at their tops all year ...
msword - rgs.org
msword - rgs.org

... When the western Siberia plate smashed into the Baltica and North America plate, this action pushed up the land to make the Ural Mountains, and formed the supercontinent of Laurasia. But the Ural Mountains are not as eroded as the Appalachians; some of them still have glaciers at their tops all year ...
Chapter 17 Geo Reading Questions KEY
Chapter 17 Geo Reading Questions KEY

... 1. What  early  evidence  suggested  that  Earth’s  continents  might  be  moving?   Matching  coastlines  of  continents  on  either  side  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean   2. How  do  ancient  glacial  deposits  in  Africa,  India,  Australia, ...
Plate Tectonics and the Changing Earth NO PICS
Plate Tectonics and the Changing Earth NO PICS

... tectonics is the global mechanism for major geologic processes and that heat transfer, governed by the principles of thermodynamics, is the driving force. The student is expected to: (f) evaluate the role of plate tectonics with respect to long-term global changes in Earth's subsystems such as conti ...
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics

...  Continental drift is Wegener’s theory that all continents had once been joined together in a single landmass and have drifted apart since.  Wegener named this supercontinent Pangaea.  Wegener’s theory was rejected by scientists because he could not explain what force pushes or pulls continents. ...
colliding continents video ws
colliding continents video ws

... 18. The world’s last supercontinent is known as _____________________. 19. How many years ago did the supercontinent Pangaea begin breaking up? (1 point) 20. During the break-up of Pangaea, S. America split off from ______________, N. America split off from ________________, and Australia split off ...
Final Plate Tectonics Review
Final Plate Tectonics Review

... over 250 million years ago the continents were one big landmass that eventually drifted over time to the positions they are today ? Continental drift theory ...
Plate Tectonics - Helena High School
Plate Tectonics - Helena High School

... 2. Paleomagnetism is the past formation of rocks containing iron and show the direction of polarity of Earth’s magnetic field. Ex. Basaltic rocks. ...
Evolution of the Ocean Basins
Evolution of the Ocean Basins

... continents had been joined in a single great continent he called Gondwanaland. • Suess believed that parts of the continents had sunk to form the oceans due to isostacy. ...
The Theory of Continental Drift
The Theory of Continental Drift

... • 1st hypothesis taken seriously was proposed by Alfred Wegener – Called his hypothesis continental drift – 200 mya supercontinent Pangaea began to break apart ...
Lesson Assessment: Plate Tectonics
Lesson Assessment: Plate Tectonics

... b) The Pacific plate is moving northeast over a hotspot in Earth's mantle that continually produces new volcanism directly above it. c) The island chain results from the subduction of one oceanic plate under another. As the subducting plate sinks into the mantle and melts, magma rises, producing vol ...
Middle Paleozoic Mountain Building
Middle Paleozoic Mountain Building

... Similar sequence of Limestones (Heldeberg Grp.), sands, silts, and shales deeper water flysch (Hamilton Group) and Redbed Molasse Deposits (braided streams and alluvial fans) Siccar Point-famous angular unconformity from James Hutton. Old Red Sandstone sitting on top of Silurain Rocks. Formed from t ...
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Geological history of Earth



The geological history of Earth follows the major events in Earth's past based on the geologic time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers (stratigraphy). Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun, which also created the rest of the Solar System.Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Earth's mass impacting the planet in a glancing blow. Some of this object's mass merged with the Earth, significantly altering its internal composition, and a portion was ejected into space. Some of the material survived to form an orbiting moon. Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered from comets, produced the oceans.As the surface continually reshaped itself over hundreds of millions of years, continents formed and broke apart. They migrated across the surface, occasionally combining to form a supercontinent. Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest-known supercontinent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600 to 540 million years ago, then finally Pangaea, which broke apart 180 million years ago.The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago, then intensified at the end of the Pliocene. The polar regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40,000–100,000 years. The last glacial period of the current ice age ended about 10,000 years ago.
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