2_4 Slides
... NOTE: In globular proteins the hydrophobic R groups are folded into the core of the molecule, away from the surrounding water molecules, this makes them soluble. In fibrous proteins the hydrophobic R groups are exposed and therefore the molecule is insoluble. ...
... NOTE: In globular proteins the hydrophobic R groups are folded into the core of the molecule, away from the surrounding water molecules, this makes them soluble. In fibrous proteins the hydrophobic R groups are exposed and therefore the molecule is insoluble. ...
DOC
... The topic of Molecular Genetics deals with the DNA of the cell and the process that is used to decode its genetic code and use the information to make proteins. Genes are made of DNA. The expression of DNA is protein. The term given for making a protein is called “protein synthesis.” This requires D ...
... The topic of Molecular Genetics deals with the DNA of the cell and the process that is used to decode its genetic code and use the information to make proteins. Genes are made of DNA. The expression of DNA is protein. The term given for making a protein is called “protein synthesis.” This requires D ...
Suggested theories on the origin of life— A summary of the Trottier
... an improbable event and therefore Earth might be the only living planet; or that it is the mere result of cosmic evolution. P. Shapiro believes that life was originated by an unlikely accident, a series of improbabilities driven by a source of energy, given the fact that something as complicated as ...
... an improbable event and therefore Earth might be the only living planet; or that it is the mere result of cosmic evolution. P. Shapiro believes that life was originated by an unlikely accident, a series of improbabilities driven by a source of energy, given the fact that something as complicated as ...
MS Word - Wonderstruck
... calculate the retention factor (Rf) values of each component. You should be able to see clearly which patients have excessive phenylalanine in their blood by comparing the Rf values with that of your phenylalanine reference. Record which patients have excess phenylalanine in their blood, and those t ...
... calculate the retention factor (Rf) values of each component. You should be able to see clearly which patients have excessive phenylalanine in their blood by comparing the Rf values with that of your phenylalanine reference. Record which patients have excess phenylalanine in their blood, and those t ...
DNA Notes
... * 1952 – Franklin produces images of DNA structure * 1953 – Watson & Crick confirm and publish the DNA structure * 1961 – Nierenberg “cracks” the genetic code * 1984 – Jeffreys develops DNA fingerprinting * 1990 to 2003 – Human genome project ...
... * 1952 – Franklin produces images of DNA structure * 1953 – Watson & Crick confirm and publish the DNA structure * 1961 – Nierenberg “cracks” the genetic code * 1984 – Jeffreys develops DNA fingerprinting * 1990 to 2003 – Human genome project ...
Pairwise Alignments Part 1
... Pairwise GLOBAL alignment of retinol-binding protein from human (top) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) ...
... Pairwise GLOBAL alignment of retinol-binding protein from human (top) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) ...
An enzyme within the ribosome catalyzes a synthesis reaction to
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Gene Mutations
... Both of these are sentences. One works perfectly, the other does not. The point mutation leaves a sentence with words, but it does not make sense. ...
... Both of these are sentences. One works perfectly, the other does not. The point mutation leaves a sentence with words, but it does not make sense. ...
Fact File 6
... 10. Single membrane bound cell organellae are – Lysosomes and Sperosomes. 11. Poisons like Cyanide inhibit Na efflux and K influx during cellular transport. This inhibitory effect is reversed by the injection of ATP. This shows that – Energy for Na – K exchange pump comes from ATP. 12. In an experim ...
... 10. Single membrane bound cell organellae are – Lysosomes and Sperosomes. 11. Poisons like Cyanide inhibit Na efflux and K influx during cellular transport. This inhibitory effect is reversed by the injection of ATP. This shows that – Energy for Na – K exchange pump comes from ATP. 12. In an experim ...
Worksheet for Biology 1107 Biological Molecules: Structure and
... 9. List the amino acids that are in the primary structure of the peptide on page 5 of the biomolecules text. ...
... 9. List the amino acids that are in the primary structure of the peptide on page 5 of the biomolecules text. ...
Document
... In general, plants are relatively poor sources of protein. Animal foods (beef, poultry, seafood, dairy products, eggs) provide our best source for protein. Complementary proteins can be obtained by a varied diet. (These are proteins that individually are incomplete or low quality but when taken toge ...
... In general, plants are relatively poor sources of protein. Animal foods (beef, poultry, seafood, dairy products, eggs) provide our best source for protein. Complementary proteins can be obtained by a varied diet. (These are proteins that individually are incomplete or low quality but when taken toge ...
Bell Work 3-19-12 - Science is a Blast
... • Proteins are formed by the joining of amino acids. • Amino acids are linked together by condensation, the removal of an –H and –OH group to form a water molecule. The covalent bond formed between amino acids is called a peptide bond • Many proteins consist of two or more amino acid chains that ar ...
... • Proteins are formed by the joining of amino acids. • Amino acids are linked together by condensation, the removal of an –H and –OH group to form a water molecule. The covalent bond formed between amino acids is called a peptide bond • Many proteins consist of two or more amino acid chains that ar ...
Genetics
... transcription and translation • Ribosomes are 80s – 40s and 60s subunits • 5’ end of mRNA is capped – Methylated guanine added to pre-mRNA – Stabilizes transcript, enhances translation ...
... transcription and translation • Ribosomes are 80s – 40s and 60s subunits • 5’ end of mRNA is capped – Methylated guanine added to pre-mRNA – Stabilizes transcript, enhances translation ...
Bio1A - Lec 19 slides File
... The Functional and Evolutionary Importance of Introns • Some genes can encode more than one kind of polypeptide, depending on which segments are treated as exons during RNA splicing • Such variations are called alternative RNA splicing • Because of alternative splicing, the number of different prot ...
... The Functional and Evolutionary Importance of Introns • Some genes can encode more than one kind of polypeptide, depending on which segments are treated as exons during RNA splicing • Such variations are called alternative RNA splicing • Because of alternative splicing, the number of different prot ...
Phenotypic effects and variations in the genetic material (part 2)
... agents that have the potential to damage the DNA and so, mutations. Accumulated damage to the DNA over a period of time is considered to be a case of transformation of cells to an abnormal state. For the cell to overcome this damage, a variety of repair mechanisms have evolved that serve to reverse ...
... agents that have the potential to damage the DNA and so, mutations. Accumulated damage to the DNA over a period of time is considered to be a case of transformation of cells to an abnormal state. For the cell to overcome this damage, a variety of repair mechanisms have evolved that serve to reverse ...
DNA, RNA and Protein Power Point
... phosphates form the sides of a ladder and the nitrogen bases form the rungs. The Two sides of the ladder are held together with hydrogen bonds ...
... phosphates form the sides of a ladder and the nitrogen bases form the rungs. The Two sides of the ladder are held together with hydrogen bonds ...
Packet 7: Biochemistry
... AMINO group, which is NH2 on the left The CARBOXYL group –COOH (sometimes called the acid group) on the right The R group (the only difference between all amino acids is the R group (R is not an element, but rather a symbol that represents the different elements or group of elements that can be ...
... AMINO group, which is NH2 on the left The CARBOXYL group –COOH (sometimes called the acid group) on the right The R group (the only difference between all amino acids is the R group (R is not an element, but rather a symbol that represents the different elements or group of elements that can be ...
12-1 DNA
... acids are linked to become a protein. •An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon. •An anticodon is carried by a tRNA. A. mRNA must be transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and released into the cytoplasm. B. Translation begins when an mRNA molecule in the cytopl ...
... acids are linked to become a protein. •An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon. •An anticodon is carried by a tRNA. A. mRNA must be transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and released into the cytoplasm. B. Translation begins when an mRNA molecule in the cytopl ...
lecture notes
... for diploids. The closer genes are, the smaller the chances of crossover. 4) ‘Genetic linkage maps’ are produced by studying the recombination possibilities from generation to generation. Distances are measured in 1 centimorgan, which is equivalent to 1/ recombination probability (or approx. 1 milli ...
... for diploids. The closer genes are, the smaller the chances of crossover. 4) ‘Genetic linkage maps’ are produced by studying the recombination possibilities from generation to generation. Distances are measured in 1 centimorgan, which is equivalent to 1/ recombination probability (or approx. 1 milli ...
Biochemistry
... Proteins are the most complex macromolecules in the cell. They are composed of linear polymers called polypeptides, which contain amino acids connected by peptide bonds. ...
... Proteins are the most complex macromolecules in the cell. They are composed of linear polymers called polypeptides, which contain amino acids connected by peptide bonds. ...
y syste m dreul io
... chemical reactions e.g. digestion. Which FACTORS affects enzymes ? Temperature and pH ...
... chemical reactions e.g. digestion. Which FACTORS affects enzymes ? Temperature and pH ...
Nucleic Acids
... Fatty Acid Chains Fatty acids are long chains of carbons with many hydrogens attached. Full of energy since all bonds are potential energy for an organism. Fatty acids may be saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids. ...
... Fatty Acid Chains Fatty acids are long chains of carbons with many hydrogens attached. Full of energy since all bonds are potential energy for an organism. Fatty acids may be saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids. ...
AP_Gene to Protein
... ● Archibald Garrod (1909): first to contend that genes specified enzymes that, in turn, controlled phenotypic traits. This hypothesis was experimentally verified in the 1940’s by the work of Beadle & Tatum (see fig. 1). Figure 1: Beadle & Tatum’s Experiment To test the one-gene, one enzyme hypothesi ...
... ● Archibald Garrod (1909): first to contend that genes specified enzymes that, in turn, controlled phenotypic traits. This hypothesis was experimentally verified in the 1940’s by the work of Beadle & Tatum (see fig. 1). Figure 1: Beadle & Tatum’s Experiment To test the one-gene, one enzyme hypothesi ...
Expanded genetic code
An expanded genetic code is an artificially modified genetic code in which one or more specific codons have been re-allocated to encode an amino acid that is not among the 22 encoded proteinogenic amino acids.The key prerequisites to expand the genetic code are: the non-standard amino acid to encode, an unused codon to adopt, a tRNA that recognises this codon, and a tRNA synthase that recognises only that tRNA and only the non-standard amino acid.Expanding the genetic code is an area of research of synthetic biology, an applied biological discipline whose goal is to engineer living systems for useful purposes. The genetic code expansion enriches the repertoire of useful tools available to science.