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Alpha Centauri 3
Alpha Centauri 3

... approach, Stars A and B are almost two AUs farther apart than the average orbital distance of Saturn around the Sun, while their widest separation is still about six AUs farther the average orbital distance of Neptune. (See an animation of the orbits of Stars A and B and their potentially habitable ...
Monday, April 15
Monday, April 15

... Earth = a grain of sand The Earth orbits the Sun at a distance of one meter Proxima Centauri lies 270 kilometers (170 miles) away Barnard’s Star lies 370 kilometers (230 miles) away Less than 100 stars lie within 1000 kilometers (600 miles) ...
Neutron Star - Perry Local Schools
Neutron Star - Perry Local Schools

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... 4 During which month does the Sun appear to rise farthest north of due east for an observer in New York State? (1) December (3) June (2) January (4) July ...
Primary and secondary eclipse spectroscopy with JWST: exploring
Primary and secondary eclipse spectroscopy with JWST: exploring

... domain, the amplitude of the temperature variations within the altitude range spanned by zλ gives the upper limit on the depth of the observable features in the brightness temperature spectrum. Emission features can however be even stronger for a non-LTE atmosphere, where for instance fluorescence o ...
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Mercury_Orbit_Lab_1_(better_than_2)

The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

... (individual masses can be gotten if you have a signal from both stars) The orbital period comes from watching the stars, or the periodic variation of their velocity or brightness. To get orbital semimajor axis, you need either the parallax to a visual system or the velocity from a spectroscopic syst ...
Article Reference - Archive ouverte UNIGE
Article Reference - Archive ouverte UNIGE

... (radial velocities or transits), the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters orbiting solar-type stars is low. It has been estimated to be as high as 1.5 ± 0.6% by Cumming et al. (2008) from radial velocity surveys, and as low as 0.5 ± 0.1% by Howard et al. (2012) from the Kepler results. Johnson et al. (20 ...
Astronomy 15 - Homework 3 - Due Wed. April 24 1) As we`ll see
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... where θ is in radians. Now, another practical use of this comes from the fact that, in many circumstances, the high-order terms get very small very fast. If a < 1 this will be true, and the factorial in the denominator also does its part. This makes the Taylor series a powerful tool for determining ...
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The Discovery of Planets beyond the Solar System

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... Half of Earth faces the Sun and is illuminated by the Sun’s light. Because Earth spins (rotates) on its axis about once every 24 hours, the illuminated half is constantly changing, resulting in periods of light (daytime) and dark (nighttime). A day is equal to this 24 hour rotation period. Earth orb ...
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answers2006_07_BC

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Milankovitch Cycle Case Study

... respect to the orbit and the tilt of the Earth. The distance of the Earth from the Sun is also important. When the Earth is closer, the increased radiant energy will affect our climate. These factors also change over time within reoccurring cycles. A correlation has been shown between the Milankovit ...
Astronomy Lecture 3b
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... ___ 79. Carbonaceous chondrites probably correspond to ?-Type Asteroids. A.S B.M C.C ___ 80. ? has an orbital period of 29.461 years and a period of rotation of 10 hours, 13 minutes and 59 seconds. The average density is less than that of water. A.Saturn B.Uranus C.Pluto D.Neptune E.Jupiter ___ 81. ...
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... form. These elements still dominate space but through a series of reactions they will be combined to form the many common elements known on Earth. Clumps of gas and dust, pulled together by gravitational attraction, began to form approximately 300,000 years after the formation of the universe. As th ...
Lecture 10 - Lick Observatory
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... • The interior is most likely made up of a small metallic core surrounded by liquid hydrogen • Currents in the liquid hydrogen cause a strong magnetic field, which shields Jupiter from the solar winds • The interior is still cooling since its formation and gives off thermal heat • The interior is ab ...
Ethan Kessinger and Amanda Brockbank
Ethan Kessinger and Amanda Brockbank

... no small difficulty. For these theories were not adequate unless they also conceived certain equalizing circles, which made the planet appear to move at all times with uniform velocity neither on its deferent sphere nor about its own [epicycle's] center…Therefore, having become aware of these [defec ...
Downloaded - WordPress.com
Downloaded - WordPress.com

...  It is not large enough to sustain fusion reactions and is therefore not a star.  If its physical characteristics are similar to those of the other known planets in our Solar System then it, too, should be considered a planet, as should all other similar objects. 
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ASTRONOMY 301 EXAMPLES OF TEST
ASTRONOMY 301 EXAMPLES OF TEST

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Astronomy Part 1 Regents Questions

... spectrum than light from similar nearby celestial objects. The explanation for the red shift is that the universe is presently A) B) C) D) ...
CONSTELLATION TUCANA, THE TOUCAN
CONSTELLATION TUCANA, THE TOUCAN

the Voyage Visitor Guide
the Voyage Visitor Guide

... Sun, you are only half way to Pluto. What does the model tell you? Voyager 2 passed by Uranus in January 1986. On the scale of this model, Voyager 2 was traveling about 200 feet per year. Can you determine when Voyager 2 arrived at Neptune? The model Neptune is about 500 feet from the model Uranus. ...
Gravitational - The Gurukul Institute
Gravitational - The Gurukul Institute

... 8. A body starts from rest from a point at a distance r0(>Re) from the centre of the earth. It reaches the surface of earth. What is the velocity acquired by the body? 9. A space vehicle of mass m is in a circular orbit of radius 2Re about the earth ( mass me). What is the work done by an external a ...
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Rare Earth hypothesis



In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth Hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth (and, subsequently, human intelligence) required an improbable combination of astrophysical and geological events and circumstances. The hypothesis argues that complex extraterrestrial life is a very improbable phenomenon and likely to be extremely rare. The term ""Rare Earth"" originates from Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe (2000), a book by Peter Ward, a geologist and paleontologist, and Donald E. Brownlee, an astronomer and astrobiologist, both faculty members at the University of Washington.An alternative view point was argued by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, among others. It holds that Earth is a typical rocky planet in a typical planetary system, located in a non-exceptional region of a common barred-spiral galaxy. Given the principle of mediocrity (also called the Copernican principle), it is probable that the universe teems with complex life. Ward and Brownlee argue to the contrary: that planets, planetary systems, and galactic regions that are as friendly to complex life as are the Earth, the Solar System, and our region of the Milky Way are very rare.
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