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Jupiter
http://lexikon.astronomie.info/jupiter/img/im-jupiter.jpg
By
David
An Introduction to Jupiter
• It’s largest planet in our solar system
• It lies in the outer solar system
• It’s the first planet after the asteroid belt,
which separates terrestrial and Jovian planets
www.ioncmaste.ca/.../ files/images/unit4/
The Surface
• It’s a Jovian planet
• A gas giant
• It has no solid
surface
• Jupiter is 82%
hydrogen and
17% helium
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/jupiter/jupiter-v1_640x542.jpg
The Surface continued...
• The interior is most likely made up of a small
metallic core surrounded by liquid hydrogen
• Currents in the liquid hydrogen cause a strong
magnetic field, which shields Jupiter from the
solar winds
• The interior is still cooling since its formation and
gives off thermal heat
• The interior is about 25 000
Kelvins, but the surface is
only about 110 K (-160º C)
• It’s pressure is as great as
three million times the sealevel pressure on Earth
www.spacedaily.com/ news/jupiter-clouds-01a.html
Jupiter VS Earth
The Atmosphere
• Instead of a surface it has a dense
atmosphere that consists of a layer
of colourful clouds 100km thick
• Clouds are bands of colour parallel
to the equator
• The bands of cloud rotate at great
speeds around the planet
• They rotate at different speeds
than the planet and each other
• They rotate in different directions
• Two bands travelling in opposite http://lexikon.astronomie.info/jupiter/img/im-jupiter.jpg
directions can create whirlwind
storms
The Great Red Spot
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/gallery.cfm?Category=Spacecraft&Page=6
• Jupiter's most striking
feature is the Great Red
Spot. Sky watchers have
known about it for more than
300 years.
• The Great Red Spot is an
oval shaped storm that
whirls at a speed of 400km
per hour
• This storm is like a hurricane but much bigger;
25,000km across and is as big as almost 3 Earths
• The colours are caused by chemical reactions in
the clouds
• Colours range from white to dark reddish brown
Jupiter Facts
Length of one rotation on it’s axis
• 9hrs 55min
Length of one orbital period (rotation around
the sun)
• 11.86 yrs
Distance from the sun
• 778.3 million km.
Equatorial diameter
• 142,980 km.
http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/eng/missions/sts-097/kid_jupiter.asp
Jupiter’s Moons
• Jupiter has 16 moons
• Galileo discovered 4
moons (Galilean
satellites) in 1610.
• These were the first
satellites found orbiting
another planet
• These moons were first
seen in detail by the
Voyager space probe in
1979
http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/feature/jupiter.jpg
The Galilean Satellites
Io
• closest to Jupiter
• volcanic vents eject molten
sulphur
• low gravity and thin atmosphere
cause eruptions hundreds of
kilometers above the surface
Ganymede
• larger than mercury
• largest satellite in the solar
system
• dark in colour, icy and heavily
cratered
http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast05may99_1.htm
The Galilean Satellites cont…
Europa
• smooth tan coloured surface
• no mountains or craters
• young surface
• appears to be a layer frozen water with a
lot of cracks
• Europa is slightly smaller than our moon
Callisto
• one of the objects in our solar system
that has the greatest amount of craters
• approximately the same size as our
moon.
www.photovault.com/.../ UPJV01P01_18jupmoon.html
http://www.photovault.com/Link/Universe/Planets/Jupi
ter/UPJVolume01/UPJV01P01_18jupmoon.html
• All of the moons can be seen from Earth by telescope or
binoculars
• They rotate rapidly around Jupiter
A Person’s Weight on Jupiter
• Multiply your weight (kilos or pounds)
by 2.34
• 45kg on Earth = 105.3 kg on Jupiter
• 100 pounds on Earth = 234 pounds
www.enterprisemission.com/ europa.html
Life on Jupiter
Jupiter DOES NOT support life.
• No solid surface
• High pressure
– strong gravity
• Strong winds
– 360km/hr to 1600 km/h
• Extreme cold temperature
– -168 C to 0 C
– where the temperature is 0 C, the pressure is about
the same as if you were a few kilometers below the
sea on Earth
– The air of Jupiter is well below freezing
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/J_environment.html
More Reasons Why…
• There are three known cloud decks in the
atmosphere
– They contain ammonia, ammonia
combined with sulphur, and water
– We couldn’t breathe in this
atmosphere
• There are high levels of radiation
– The radiation belts close to Jupiter
create one of the harshest radiation
environments in the Solar System
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/jupiter/jupite
r_022702_3_caption.html
• We would also be exposed to lightening,
and ultraviolet light
www.spacedaily.com/ news/jupiter-clouds-01a.html
Interesting Facts
• the Jovian planets are at a much greater
distance from each other than the terrestrial
planets
• Jupiter is over 11 times the diameter of Earth
• Jupiter has a mass 2.5 times greater than all
the other planets put together
• If Jupiter were a container, 1400 Earth's
could fit inside
• Jupiter is sometimes called a "fake star"
because its chemical composition is a lot like
the Sun's
• It radiates more energy into space than it
gets from the Sun
More Interesting Facts
• 4 spacecraft have visited
Jupiter
• 2 fly-bys by Pioneer in 1974
and 2 by Voyager in 1979
• These probes gathered
important information about
Jupiter and its clouds
• They discovered that Jupiter
has a thin and delicate ring
structure that is not visible
from Earth
www.planetary.org/ voyager25/images-moons.html
Jupiter’s Rings
www.exn.ca/Stories/ 1998/09/15/61.asp
More About the Rings
www2.jpl.nasa.gov/ galileo/moons/rings.html
Something REALLY Cool!!!
• I am 11 years old on Earth
• I would be less than 1 year old, but
almost 1 on Jupiter
www.morgenster.org/ foto.htm
Conclusion
• Jupiter is a very very cool planet. Although
we could never live there, its
characteristics are very interesting. These
include its rings, it’s phenomenal size, it’s
a gas giant and could even be called a
fake star because it’s a lot like the sun.
With all of its moons, it’s sometimes called
its own mini-solar system.
• I hope you have enjoyed my presentation.
Bibliography
“The Solar System Webquest.” 5 June 2005
<http://www.cgs.conway.ma.us/solar.htm>
“CSA – Jupiter.” 4 June 2005
<http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/eng/missions/sts097/kid_jupiter.asp>
“CSA Astronomy 1 - Module 4: The Planets.” 5 June 2005
<http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/eng/educators/resources/astrono
my/module4/overview.asp>
“Can there be Life in the Environment of Jupiter?” 5 June 2005
<http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/J_environm
ent.html>