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The Jovian Planets The Jovian, or gaseous, planets have rocky cores surrounded by thick atmospheres. The radius is measured to the point at which the pressure drops to 1 atmosphere. The Voyager Mission Jupiter Diameter 11 DE Rotation Period 10 hours Orbital Period 12 years Distance from Sun 5.203AU Orbit Eccentricity 0.05 Tilt 3 degrees Temperature -120C Atmosphere hydrogen, helium, ammonia and methane Gravity 2.34g Moons >39 Visits Pioneer 10 & 11, Voyager 1 & 2, Galileo, Cassini Voyager 1 Io The Galilean Moons 3630 km Ganymede 5260 km 4800 km Europa 3140 km Callisto The Galileo Probe Launched by space shuttle in 1989 Gravity assists with the Venus and the Earth Observed asteroid Ida, SL9 impact on Jupiter Arrived at Jupiter in December 1995 Dropped probe into Jupiter's atmosphere Orbited the Galilean moons until 2003 Being the closest moon to Jupiter, Io's core is heated by Jupiter's tidal forces, creating large-scale volcanic activity that coats the moon's surface with yellow sulfur. Io Io has a young surface, with no impact craters, which is constantly being renewed Shoemaker-Levy 9 Impact Upon Jupiter
