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JOVIAL PLANETS
Outer Solar system
Outer system
Jupiter
Jupiters Facts
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Mythology – Roman god Jupiter
Facts
 5th
planet from the sun
 Largest planet in our solar system
 Gas Giant
 Oblate Spheriod shape – Bulge in the middle!
Jupiter’s Statistics
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Orbital Period – 4331. 5 days
Size = 121 Earths
Gravity – 24 m/s
Surface Temp – 165 K (more than 200 C below 0)
Jupiter’s Atmosphere
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Atmospheric Data comes from Galileo Probe that
crashed into the atmosphere of Jupiter
Atmosphere divided into distinct bands
Atmosphere
Layers of Jupiter
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Draw and Label the diagram of Jupiter on your notes
Mostly Hydrogen (88 percent) and helium (12 %)
Magnetosphere
14 times as strong as earths
Aurora
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Magnetic Flux Tubes
 Three
bright dots
 connect to Ion,
Ganymede and
Europa
Aurora
Jupiter’s Red Spot
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Longest Lasting Storm in history (Discovered in the
1600)
Rotates counterclockwise every 6 days
Slowly fading
Jupiter’s Ring System
Jupiters ring System
Jupiter’s ring system
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Jupiters rings are very difficult to see.
Jupiter's rings were first found by the Voyager 1
spacecraft in 1979
Three main sections comprise Jupiter's ring system.
 Halo
ring -The innermost, cloud-like
 Main Ring -is quite narrow and thin.
 Gossamer Ring-wispy, nearly transparent
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_o
f_Jupiter
Jupiter’s Shepherd Moons
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Metis
Thebe
Adrastea
Amalthea
INNER
MOONS!
Jupiters 4 galilean Satellites
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Io
Europa
Callisto
Ganymede
BASIC FACTS = discovered by Galileo in 1610
He spotted the four large moons and realized that
they were orbiting Jupiter, Not EARTH!!!
Io
Images of Io
Image
Io
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXeIll6YYQs
Has a large iron Core (may be molten)
SO2 Atmosphere (Thin)
Closest to jupiter
4th largest moon
Most volcanically active body in the solar sustem
 400
active volcanoes
 blue./white spots are volcanoes erupting
Europa
Water? Life?
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http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=xEtf5lh3
SEw
Europa is an Icy
satellite
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Below Europa’s frozen
exterior of ice, there is
liquid water
Vast sea could hold
microorganisms
Heat generated by
planet flexing, keeps
water liquid
Europa
europa
Ganymede
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Largest Moon in the
solar system
Has a magnetosphere
http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=64oBWEsMq
2Y
Sounds
http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=6PPEwGJy6P
I
Callisto
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2nd largest moon of
jupiter
Tidally locked
Thin CO2 Atmospere
Subsurface ocean
Could be a “human”
base for research
Saturn
Saturn’s Facts
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Mythology – names after roman god Saturnus
(Saturday!).
Facts
6th planet from the sun
 2nd largest planet in the solar system
 Gas Giant
 Oblate Spheriod
 Less dense then water!
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Saturn’s Statistics
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Orbital Period – 10759 days (29.5 years)
Size =
Gravity=
Surface Temp –
Saturn’s Atmosphere
Atmosphere
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93.2 % molecular hydrogen, 6.7 %helium
Faint atmosphere bands (lighter than jupiter)
Cloud patterns observed by voyager (hexagonal)
Surface
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Has a planetary magnetic field, strength in between
earth and jupiter
Wind speeds of 1800 km/h
Saturn’s Great White spot
Giant storm hat happens every 30 years (once a
saturian year)
Will be another one in 2020
Layers of Saturn
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Draw and Label the diagram of on your notes
Small core of rock and ice surrounded by a thick layer o
metallic hydrogen and a gaseous outer layer
Saturn’s ring System
Saturns’s ring system
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First discovered by Galileo in 1610
Rings consist mostly of ice with small amounts of
debris and dust
Theories:
 Roche
- Rings were once a moon of saturn that was
ripped apart by tidal forces
 Secondary – Rings are left over from original nebular
material from which saturn formed
Saturns’s ring system - FEATURES
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Features:
 Cassini
division
 Enckle Gap
 Possess own atmosphere of molecular O2 different from
saturn
Roche Limit
Moons
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61 moons
52 with names
6 unconfirmed moons
Jupiter’s Shepherd Moons
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Metis
Thebe
Adrastea
Amalthea
INNER
MOONS!
Saturn’s Moons
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Io
Europa
Callisto
Ganymede
Titan
Images of Io
Image
Titan
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Only moon in the solar system to have its own
atmosphere
atmosphere is impenetrable to visible waves
2nd largest moon in the solar system
Resembles early earth
 Atmosphere
of nitrogen and methane
Surface – False Color Cassini
Missions
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Voyager
 Arrived:
1980
 Studies: close fly by of Titon,
 Achieves: images of rings
Missions
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Cassini
 Arrived:
2004
 Studies: saturn orbit insertion, flyby of titan. lightning
 Huygen Insertion – Huygens descended onto the surface
of Titan on January 14, 2005,
Missions – Cassini Orbit
Uranus!
Uranus’s Facts
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Mythology – Named after the greek god of the sky
7th planet from the sun
3nd largest planet in the solar system
Ice Giant
Tilted sideways (north and south lay where other
planets have their equators)
Uranus’s Statistics
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Orbital Period – 84 years
Rotational Period = 17 hours 14 minutes
Tilt – Rolling ball (not top)
Low internal heat
Uranus’s Atmosphere
Atmosphere
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Coldest Atomosphere in the solar system
Belt -Zone Circulation
 Belt
– Dark colored band
 Zone – Light colored band
 Belts and zones flow in opposite directions
 Storms
occur in between belts
 Heat produced in the center feeds the storms
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Uranus’s ring system - FEATURES
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Made out of rock particles
Thirteen narrow rings
Roche Limit: where are the rings?
Moons
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27 moons
Named from the works of Shakespeare and
Alexander Pope
Largest moon –Titania (less than half the size of the
moon)
Visited by Voyager 2
Uranus’s Moons
Roche limit
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If moons are to close:
 The
gravity of planet
will break them up
(maybe becoming
rings)
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If moons are too far
away:
 They
orbit
will not be held in
Roche Limit (Notes)
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Distance within 2.5 radii of the center of a planet
Moons cannot form/moons are torn apart
RINGS ARE FOUND INSIDE THE ROCHE LIMIT
MOONS ARE FOUND OUTSIDE THE ROCHE LIMIT
Roche Limit
Missions to the outer solar system
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Pioneer 10 and 11
Voyager 1 and 2
Galileo (Jupiter)
Cassini (Saturn)
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Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
Ganymede, Io, europa, Callisto, Titan, tritan, titania
Neptune!
Neptune Facts
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Mythology – Named after the roman god of the
sea
8th planet from the sun
17 times the mass of the earth
Ice Giant
Neptune Statistics
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Orbital Period – 164 years
Rotational period – 16.11 hours
Neptune’s Great Dark Spot
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Strongest sustained winds win the solar system
2100 km per hour
Neptune’s ring system - FEATURES
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Made out of rock particles
Very fragmented
Very Faint
Moons
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13 moons
Triton:
 moves
in the opposite direction of its planets
 Most likely used to be a dwarf planet
 Spiraling inward (will eventually be torn apart)