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February 2007
February 2007

... orbits of planets are nearly circular orbits of planets lie mostly in a single plane directions of revolution of planets about Sun is the same, and is the same as the direction of the Sun's rotation directions of rotation of planets about their axes is also mostly in the same direction as the Sun's ...
PLEIADES - ISILIMELA - Communicating Astronomy With The Public
PLEIADES - ISILIMELA - Communicating Astronomy With The Public

Stars - Red, Blue, Old, New pt.3
Stars - Red, Blue, Old, New pt.3

... Jupiter • To about 15-20 times the mass of Jupiter ...
Astro twopages
Astro twopages

... distance r and G is the universal gravitational constant. Distances (actually best expressed as light travel time): Moon: When you listen to the communications of the Apollo astronauts there is a couple second lag between question and answer. They are not thinking hard -- the moon is approximately 1 ...
Your Birthday on Another Planet
Your Birthday on Another Planet

... ❶ In front of the class, explain the steps for assembling the solar system flip book: • Glue the photocopies of the planetary orbit sheets (Appendix 1) onto thick paper. • On each of the illustrations numbered 1 to 24, colour the Sun and four planets (Sun = yellow; Mercury = green; Venus = brown; Ea ...
Practice Assessment Answers
Practice Assessment Answers

... 3. What would happen to the magnitude of the gravitational force between two bodies if: a. the mass of one of the bodies were doubled? The gravitational force between them would be doubled. b. the distance between the two bodies were doubled? The gravitational force between them would be one-fourth ...
Decline of Western Civilization (extended) knowledge of ancient
Decline of Western Civilization (extended) knowledge of ancient

... Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune ...
Grade 7 Science
Grade 7 Science

... likely to have said each statement. Write your answer in the space provided. 1. _____________________ ―I’ve finally worked out an explanation as to why planets orbit the sun and moons orbit planets. It is gravity that keeps an object in orbit!‖ 2. _____________________ ―The Earth is the center of th ...
Universal Gravitation
Universal Gravitation

... This relationship states that the force of attraction is directly proportional to each of the two masses and inversely proportional to the distance squared between the point masses. The gravitational constant G has a value of 6.673 x 10-11 N*m2/kg2. The inverse square relationship means that as the ...
Ch. 22 Honors Study Guide Name 1. How did Eratosthenes
Ch. 22 Honors Study Guide Name 1. How did Eratosthenes

... 7. Even though Copernicus was right about the Heliocentric model, the planets did not line up where he thought they should. What was wrong with Copernicus’ model? 8. Why were Tycho Brahe’s observations so important in Astronomy? 9. Why didn’t Tycho Brahe believe the Sun was the center of the Solar S ...
Space Systems - RPS Cloud Server
Space Systems - RPS Cloud Server

... Earth.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include mathematical representation of gravitational force.] 5-ESS1-1 Support an argument that differences in the apparent brightness of the sun compared to other stars is due to their relative distances from Earth. [Assessment Boundary: Assessment i ...
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Sun - rmwright

... Temperature ranges from -235° C to -210° C because it is so far away from the Sun In 2006, Pluto was demoted to a dwarf planet Ninth planet from the Sun ...
THE DOCTRINE OF ORIGINAL SPIN
THE DOCTRINE OF ORIGINAL SPIN

... Jupiter is eleven times the size of the Earth so from a diameter comparison basis you might expect it to rotate proportionately eleven times faster. But it rotates just 2.4 times faster than Earth. This is of course do to the much lower mean temperature that in turn means far less energy emitted fro ...
Unit8TheUniverse
Unit8TheUniverse

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... B) Albert Einstein C) Jocelyn Bell. D) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin E) Annie Jump Cannon 26) Which part (or layer) of the Sun has the hottest temperature? A) core B) corona C) chromosphere. D) photosphere E) convection zone 27) Observations of solar neutrinos allow astronomers to gather information abou ...
43 Astronomy 43.1 Recall that Earth is one of the many planets in
43 Astronomy 43.1 Recall that Earth is one of the many planets in

... o Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, (Pluto­  ...
Multiple choice test questions 1, Winter Semester
Multiple choice test questions 1, Winter Semester

... 1) Earth is made mostly of metals and rocks. Where did this material come from? A) It was produced in the Big Bang. B) It was created by chemical reactions in interstellar space. C) It was produced by nuclear fusion in stars. D) It was made by our Sun. E) It was made by nuclear fission of uranium an ...
Midterm 1 Short Answer (+1-3pts) Record the answers to these
Midterm 1 Short Answer (+1-3pts) Record the answers to these

... Some of you mentioned that the ozone allowed photosynthesis to occur so that oxygen can be created. It is the other way around, photosynthesis, which produced oxygen allowed the ozone layer to exist since ozone is made of three oxygen atoms. Some of you mentioned that it allowed life to evolve. This ...
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... B) Albert Einstein C) Jocelyn Bell. D) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin E) Annie Jump Cannon 26) Which part (or layer) of the Sun has the hottest temperature? A) corona B) core C) chromosphere. D) photosphere E) convection zone 27) Observations of solar neutrinos allow astronomers to gather information abou ...
7th Grade (Life Science)/8th Grade (Physical Science)/Earth
7th Grade (Life Science)/8th Grade (Physical Science)/Earth

... Earth’s Place in the Universe- 27% 1. Astronomy and planetary exploration reveal the solar system’s structure, scale, and change over time. Students should know: a. how the differences and similarities among the sun, the terrestrial planets, and the gas planets may have been established during the f ...
Reason for the Seasons
Reason for the Seasons

... The equator divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. When the Northern Hemisphere has sum mer, the Southern Hem isphere has wi nter. W hen conti nents like Europe ...
THE COSMIC DANCE
THE COSMIC DANCE

final template instructions
final template instructions

... Context: The constellation of Orion, the Hunter, is surrounded by a cloud of space dust called the Orion Nebula. ecliptic Definition: The plane defined by the path of the sun as it appears to move through the constellations. Context: When the moon crosses the ecliptic on the light side of the Earth, ...
Geller Slides on Contact with ET
Geller Slides on Contact with ET

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Rare Earth hypothesis



In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth Hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth (and, subsequently, human intelligence) required an improbable combination of astrophysical and geological events and circumstances. The hypothesis argues that complex extraterrestrial life is a very improbable phenomenon and likely to be extremely rare. The term ""Rare Earth"" originates from Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe (2000), a book by Peter Ward, a geologist and paleontologist, and Donald E. Brownlee, an astronomer and astrobiologist, both faculty members at the University of Washington.An alternative view point was argued by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, among others. It holds that Earth is a typical rocky planet in a typical planetary system, located in a non-exceptional region of a common barred-spiral galaxy. Given the principle of mediocrity (also called the Copernican principle), it is probable that the universe teems with complex life. Ward and Brownlee argue to the contrary: that planets, planetary systems, and galactic regions that are as friendly to complex life as are the Earth, the Solar System, and our region of the Milky Way are very rare.
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