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Northrop Grumman Space Primer
Northrop Grumman Space Primer

... The Milky Way consists of star clusters, evolving stars, collapsing or exploding matter, and clouds of dust and gas. If you have ever gone stargazing on a very clear night, you may have noticed a narrow, bright cloud of many stars stretching across the sky. This is the Milky Way – our galaxy. The Mi ...
Date - Wayne State University Physics and Astronomy
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... Orbital and escape velocities; tides; conservation of energy and angular momentum. Electromagnetism, light, emission and absorption from atoms; electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum; blackbodies and thermal radiation. Thermal radiation; continuous and discrete spectra; atomic spectr ...
ASTR 1B - Texas Tech University Departments
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... Climate and Seasons continued • Summer – sun’s rays point almost directly toward Earth at _____ warm - days are very warm • As each day passes the sun’s rays strike at a angle - the sun looks greater and greater _____ lower in the sky • As the months pass, the rays of the sun are not as direct beca ...
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Age aspects of habitability - Cambridge University Press
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... Spacecraft orbiting the Earth: g = 8.7 m / s Not that much different than on the surface of the Earth. Gravity is not zero – in fact it is keeping the shuttle in orbit But remember the falling moon – the shuttle is free-falling towards the Earth. If you're standing on the surface of the Earth, you f ...
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... planetary motion. Eudoxus tried to answer a question supposedly posed by Plato. "By the assumption of what uniform and orderly motions can the apparent motions of the planets be accounted for?" The idea that the motion of the planets could be explained by orderly motions was a radical idea for the ...
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... Messier. M31 is a Messier object. Time-elapse photos through a large telescope reveal it as a spiral galaxy about four times the width of the full moon. It is the most distant object you can see without optical aids. The stars that make up the constellation of Andromeda are in the Milky Way. That’s ...
The Bible, Science and Creation
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... force is much stronger than the gravitational force, it has been measured to an accuracy of 16 decimal places to be ...
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Rare Earth hypothesis



In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth Hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth (and, subsequently, human intelligence) required an improbable combination of astrophysical and geological events and circumstances. The hypothesis argues that complex extraterrestrial life is a very improbable phenomenon and likely to be extremely rare. The term ""Rare Earth"" originates from Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe (2000), a book by Peter Ward, a geologist and paleontologist, and Donald E. Brownlee, an astronomer and astrobiologist, both faculty members at the University of Washington.An alternative view point was argued by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, among others. It holds that Earth is a typical rocky planet in a typical planetary system, located in a non-exceptional region of a common barred-spiral galaxy. Given the principle of mediocrity (also called the Copernican principle), it is probable that the universe teems with complex life. Ward and Brownlee argue to the contrary: that planets, planetary systems, and galactic regions that are as friendly to complex life as are the Earth, the Solar System, and our region of the Milky Way are very rare.
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