pierrehumbert_lecture_1
... can launch atmosphere out of the gravity well. • Shorter wave ultraviolet drives photochemistry, and can break up heavy molecules into lighter components that escape more easily. • Low mass stars can take a half billion years to enter the main sequence, and UV/X-ray luminosity is further elevated th ...
... can launch atmosphere out of the gravity well. • Shorter wave ultraviolet drives photochemistry, and can break up heavy molecules into lighter components that escape more easily. • Low mass stars can take a half billion years to enter the main sequence, and UV/X-ray luminosity is further elevated th ...
Living with a Red Dwarf - Center for Space and Habitability (CSH)
... can launch atmosphere out of the gravity well. • Shorter wave ultraviolet drives photochemistry, and can break up heavy molecules into lighter components that escape more easily. • Low mass stars can take a half billion years to enter the main sequence, and UV/X-ray luminosity is further elevated th ...
... can launch atmosphere out of the gravity well. • Shorter wave ultraviolet drives photochemistry, and can break up heavy molecules into lighter components that escape more easily. • Low mass stars can take a half billion years to enter the main sequence, and UV/X-ray luminosity is further elevated th ...
1704 chart front - Adventure Science Center
... Maiden. Neither of these constellations has any other bright stars. Even under dark skies away from city lights, it’s hard to imagine these mythological figures just by connecting the dots. Not too far from Spica is the bright planet Jupiter. If you have binoculars, you may be able to see the giant p ...
... Maiden. Neither of these constellations has any other bright stars. Even under dark skies away from city lights, it’s hard to imagine these mythological figures just by connecting the dots. Not too far from Spica is the bright planet Jupiter. If you have binoculars, you may be able to see the giant p ...
Planet Formation
... of new theories were introduced. In 1901 Thomas Chamberlin and Forest Moulton proposed the planetesimal theory in an attempt to accurately describe how the protoplanetary disk condensed into the planets. Also much work was done on the subject by James Hopwood Jeans, Otto Schmidt, William McCrea and ...
... of new theories were introduced. In 1901 Thomas Chamberlin and Forest Moulton proposed the planetesimal theory in an attempt to accurately describe how the protoplanetary disk condensed into the planets. Also much work was done on the subject by James Hopwood Jeans, Otto Schmidt, William McCrea and ...
1 UNIT 3 EARTH HISTORY - POSSIBLE TEST QUESTIONS OUR
... 42. How long does it take light from our Sun to arrive to Earth? Classification of Stars 43. Based on temperature and brightness, our Sun is _________. 44. What are the two types of super-giant stars? Fate of Stars 45. Over time, what is the fate of our sun? 46. What might be the fate of our sun if ...
... 42. How long does it take light from our Sun to arrive to Earth? Classification of Stars 43. Based on temperature and brightness, our Sun is _________. 44. What are the two types of super-giant stars? Fate of Stars 45. Over time, what is the fate of our sun? 46. What might be the fate of our sun if ...
Copernican Revolution
... Why does Venus exhibit phases but Mars does not? (Hint: Draw the Sun as well as Venus, Earth and Mars in their orbits. Shade in Venus and Mars. What do they look like from Earth’s view?) State Newton's Universal Law of Gravity. If the mass of one of two objects increases, what happens to the gravita ...
... Why does Venus exhibit phases but Mars does not? (Hint: Draw the Sun as well as Venus, Earth and Mars in their orbits. Shade in Venus and Mars. What do they look like from Earth’s view?) State Newton's Universal Law of Gravity. If the mass of one of two objects increases, what happens to the gravita ...
Universe Now - Course Pages of Physics Department
... – Very common systems; currently estimated to be even more common than single stars in our Galaxy. – Useful in estimating stellar masses: mass can be calculated when the orbital period is known (as stated by Kepler’s III law). – Can be classified according to the distance between the components: • D ...
... – Very common systems; currently estimated to be even more common than single stars in our Galaxy. – Useful in estimating stellar masses: mass can be calculated when the orbital period is known (as stated by Kepler’s III law). – Can be classified according to the distance between the components: • D ...
ABC`s of the Sky - Northern Stars Planetarium
... up due to friction with the air. Sometimes Fireballs explode! Small rocks that do this are sometimes called Shooting Stars or Meteors. Galaxy A huge group of stars. Galaxies often contain billions of stars. We live in a galaxy named The Milky Way. Hubble Space Telescope A special telescope that orbi ...
... up due to friction with the air. Sometimes Fireballs explode! Small rocks that do this are sometimes called Shooting Stars or Meteors. Galaxy A huge group of stars. Galaxies often contain billions of stars. We live in a galaxy named The Milky Way. Hubble Space Telescope A special telescope that orbi ...
AS2001 - University of St Andrews
... Near centre of galaxy: Shorter orbit period--> More passes thru spiral shocks --> More star generations --> m lower --> Z higher. (Also, more infall of IGM on outskirts.) ...
... Near centre of galaxy: Shorter orbit period--> More passes thru spiral shocks --> More star generations --> m lower --> Z higher. (Also, more infall of IGM on outskirts.) ...
slides
... If the original star is more massive than about 25Msun, then the neutron degeneracy pressure isn’t strong enough to support the neutron star from further gravitational collapse. What is left is a black hole. ...
... If the original star is more massive than about 25Msun, then the neutron degeneracy pressure isn’t strong enough to support the neutron star from further gravitational collapse. What is left is a black hole. ...
Astronomy Glossary Key
... In 1925 Hubble was first to notice that the light from hydrogen starlight was shifted towards the red end of the spectrum. This proves all stars are moving away from each other so the universe must be expanding. The HST was launched in 1990. It was the largest optical telescope in space. As soon as ...
... In 1925 Hubble was first to notice that the light from hydrogen starlight was shifted towards the red end of the spectrum. This proves all stars are moving away from each other so the universe must be expanding. The HST was launched in 1990. It was the largest optical telescope in space. As soon as ...
Unit 4 Space
... would kill any life on Earth they struck. Luckily, our magnetic field deflects this solar wind. We can see these particles being deflected when we see the Northern Lights. Large outbursts of solar winds can wreak havoc with satellites as well as Earthbound energy supplies such as power plants. (c) M ...
... would kill any life on Earth they struck. Luckily, our magnetic field deflects this solar wind. We can see these particles being deflected when we see the Northern Lights. Large outbursts of solar winds can wreak havoc with satellites as well as Earthbound energy supplies such as power plants. (c) M ...
EX - Uplift North Hills Prep
... (a) Explain why a star having a mass of 50 times the solar mass would be expected to have a lifetime of many times less than that of the Sun. (a) The more massive stars will have much more nuclear material (initially hydrogen). Massive stars have greater gravity so equilibrium is reached at a highe ...
... (a) Explain why a star having a mass of 50 times the solar mass would be expected to have a lifetime of many times less than that of the Sun. (a) The more massive stars will have much more nuclear material (initially hydrogen). Massive stars have greater gravity so equilibrium is reached at a highe ...
7th Grade (Life Science)/8th Grade (Physical Science)/Earth
... d. the evidence indicating that the planets are much closer to Earth than the stars are. e. that the Sun is a typical star and is powered by nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. f. the evidence for the dramatic effects that asteroid impacts have had in shaping the surf ...
... d. the evidence indicating that the planets are much closer to Earth than the stars are. e. that the Sun is a typical star and is powered by nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. f. the evidence for the dramatic effects that asteroid impacts have had in shaping the surf ...
Stars: from Adolescence to Old Age
... As a star becomes a red giant, its (helium) core continues to shrink, causing its temperature to continue increasing When the core temperature reaches 100 million K, the helium nuclei can fuse to form carbon nuclei through a process called the triple-alpha process In this reaction, three helium nucl ...
... As a star becomes a red giant, its (helium) core continues to shrink, causing its temperature to continue increasing When the core temperature reaches 100 million K, the helium nuclei can fuse to form carbon nuclei through a process called the triple-alpha process In this reaction, three helium nucl ...
File
... The moon is a big ball of rock that shines by reflecting the light of the sun. It is not a planet. ...
... The moon is a big ball of rock that shines by reflecting the light of the sun. It is not a planet. ...
Stages of stars - University of Dayton
... Burnout and Death of Stars Death of Low Mass Stars: >May remain on main sequence for up to 100 billion years >Never evolve to become bloated red giants >Remain as stable main sequence stars until they consume their hydrogen fuel and collapse into white dwarfs Death of Massive Stars: >Have relativel ...
... Burnout and Death of Stars Death of Low Mass Stars: >May remain on main sequence for up to 100 billion years >Never evolve to become bloated red giants >Remain as stable main sequence stars until they consume their hydrogen fuel and collapse into white dwarfs Death of Massive Stars: >Have relativel ...
File 3rd quarter review
... Winds, ocean currents and anything else moving across Earth are deflected (curve) because of the __________ ________. Foucault’s pendulum and Coriolis effect is evidence that the Earth ____________. Changing Seasons ands Constellations is evidence that the Earth __________. The Earth is closer to th ...
... Winds, ocean currents and anything else moving across Earth are deflected (curve) because of the __________ ________. Foucault’s pendulum and Coriolis effect is evidence that the Earth ____________. Changing Seasons ands Constellations is evidence that the Earth __________. The Earth is closer to th ...
Warm- up Question Tell me what you know about The Big Bang
... clouds of hot gas to arch high above the sun’s surface The arch follows the magnetic field lines; can last a few days to a year Solar flares a violent eruptions of gas; can last several hours Flares thrown into space; cause magnetic storms on earth that can ...
... clouds of hot gas to arch high above the sun’s surface The arch follows the magnetic field lines; can last a few days to a year Solar flares a violent eruptions of gas; can last several hours Flares thrown into space; cause magnetic storms on earth that can ...
Theme 3.1 Astronomy of the Ancients Stonehenge Most people
... of the outer planets at least. We noted the very simple assumptions that Ptolemy had made about the motion of the planets and the shapes of their orbits, but this leads to immediate problems. For instance, he insisted that the planets had to be moving in circular motion centred on the earth at unifo ...
... of the outer planets at least. We noted the very simple assumptions that Ptolemy had made about the motion of the planets and the shapes of their orbits, but this leads to immediate problems. For instance, he insisted that the planets had to be moving in circular motion centred on the earth at unifo ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.