The Life of a Star
... throws its outer layers into space, forming a planetary nebula – This leaves behind the hot dense core of the red giant. – The remaining core is called a white dwarf. Over time, the white dwarf cools off and becomes a black dwarf. Planetary Nebula: A collection of gas and dust that was formed during ...
... throws its outer layers into space, forming a planetary nebula – This leaves behind the hot dense core of the red giant. – The remaining core is called a white dwarf. Over time, the white dwarf cools off and becomes a black dwarf. Planetary Nebula: A collection of gas and dust that was formed during ...
Birth of Stars - High Energy Physics at Wayne State
... Basics About Stars (Table 20.1) Stable (main-sequence) stars maintain equilibrium by producing energy through nuclear fusion in their cores. Generating energy by fusion defines a star. Hydrogen is being converted to helium, but eventually the supply of hydrogen will run out. Stars range in mass fro ...
... Basics About Stars (Table 20.1) Stable (main-sequence) stars maintain equilibrium by producing energy through nuclear fusion in their cores. Generating energy by fusion defines a star. Hydrogen is being converted to helium, but eventually the supply of hydrogen will run out. Stars range in mass fro ...
HomeWork #2
... The reason why Copernicus' heliocentric theory soon came to be regarded as preferable to the geocentric theory of Ptolemy is that j 1. the heliocentric theory used complex constructions called epicycles and deferents to account k l m n for the observed motions of the planets, and so was considered m ...
... The reason why Copernicus' heliocentric theory soon came to be regarded as preferable to the geocentric theory of Ptolemy is that j 1. the heliocentric theory used complex constructions called epicycles and deferents to account k l m n for the observed motions of the planets, and so was considered m ...
Fixed Stars
... An introduction for illustrations and text about some fixed stars and their energies, which are significant to the evolutions in our Solar System, inclusive Earth. Some fundamental facts are necessary for people, to grasp the idea of how the Universe can be, and is, a living Being, maintained by Law ...
... An introduction for illustrations and text about some fixed stars and their energies, which are significant to the evolutions in our Solar System, inclusive Earth. Some fundamental facts are necessary for people, to grasp the idea of how the Universe can be, and is, a living Being, maintained by Law ...
Sample Schedule 2012
... spin slowly compared to the outer planets have no or few moons (Earth has 1 moon, Mars – 2) have no rings orbiting them. Outer planets formed further away from the sun in the protoplanetary disk where conditions were cooler. This cool environment meant that volatile icy compounds could remain ...
... spin slowly compared to the outer planets have no or few moons (Earth has 1 moon, Mars – 2) have no rings orbiting them. Outer planets formed further away from the sun in the protoplanetary disk where conditions were cooler. This cool environment meant that volatile icy compounds could remain ...
PHYS103 Hour Exam No. 2 Page: 1 1 The time it takes for Jupiter to
... c. very short because there is no room for a long tail near the Sun. d. not yet formed because the sunlight suppresses it. 3 The number of moons of Venus is a. at least 62. b. 4. c. 1. d. 0. e. 2. 4 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity explains all but one of the following things: a. how objects fall o ...
... c. very short because there is no room for a long tail near the Sun. d. not yet formed because the sunlight suppresses it. 3 The number of moons of Venus is a. at least 62. b. 4. c. 1. d. 0. e. 2. 4 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity explains all but one of the following things: a. how objects fall o ...
THE SUN IS NOT AN AVERAGE STAR Sometimes biblical creation
... others. Astronomer Theodore P. Snow expresses this attitude: "We believe that the earth and the other planets are a natural by-product of the formation of the sun, and we have evidence that some of the essential ingredients for life were present on the earth from the time it formed. Similar conditio ...
... others. Astronomer Theodore P. Snow expresses this attitude: "We believe that the earth and the other planets are a natural by-product of the formation of the sun, and we have evidence that some of the essential ingredients for life were present on the earth from the time it formed. Similar conditio ...
Hot-plate model of stars March 14 − Observed properties of stars
... Spectral class is a proxy for temperature OBAFGKM. O is hottest ...
... Spectral class is a proxy for temperature OBAFGKM. O is hottest ...
Sparta High School
... 5.4 Earth Systems Science: Earth operates as a set of complex, dynamic, and interconnected systems, and is part of the all-encompassing system of the universe. A. Objects in the Universe: Our universe has been expanding and evolving for 13.7 billion years under the influence of gravitational and nuc ...
... 5.4 Earth Systems Science: Earth operates as a set of complex, dynamic, and interconnected systems, and is part of the all-encompassing system of the universe. A. Objects in the Universe: Our universe has been expanding and evolving for 13.7 billion years under the influence of gravitational and nuc ...
the atmosphere
... 3. What makes conditions on Earth suitable for living?__________________________________ 4. List three ways it makes life livable? A._______________________________________________________________________ B.________________________________________________________________________ C.__________________ ...
... 3. What makes conditions on Earth suitable for living?__________________________________ 4. List three ways it makes life livable? A._______________________________________________________________________ B.________________________________________________________________________ C.__________________ ...
titel - Maastricht University
... An example of an unstable – but notperiodic – star is this massive ‘WolfRayet star’ NGC2359, that irregularly ejects large parts of its own outer envelope in gargantuan explosions. The star itself is in the central bubble, the clouds are remnants of previous ...
... An example of an unstable – but notperiodic – star is this massive ‘WolfRayet star’ NGC2359, that irregularly ejects large parts of its own outer envelope in gargantuan explosions. The star itself is in the central bubble, the clouds are remnants of previous ...
Astronomy Homework - Life
... 36. If the remnant of a supernova has less than 3 solar masses, the remnant is called a (neutron star/black hole). 37. Neutrons stars haves sizes of about (ten/ten thousand) kilometers. 38. A pulsar is a rapidly rotating neutron star that emits (a beam of light towards the Earth/radio signals at ir ...
... 36. If the remnant of a supernova has less than 3 solar masses, the remnant is called a (neutron star/black hole). 37. Neutrons stars haves sizes of about (ten/ten thousand) kilometers. 38. A pulsar is a rapidly rotating neutron star that emits (a beam of light towards the Earth/radio signals at ir ...
Q3.2.a The gravitational force exerted by a planet on one of its
... Q3.11.e: A bullet of mass 0.04 kg traveling horizontally at a speed of 800 m/s embeds itself in a block of mass 0.50 kg that is sitting at rest on a very slippery sheet of ice. Which equation will correctly give the final speed vf_BLOCK of the block? 1) (0.04 kg)*(800 m/s) = (0.50 kg) *vf_BLOCK 1) ...
... Q3.11.e: A bullet of mass 0.04 kg traveling horizontally at a speed of 800 m/s embeds itself in a block of mass 0.50 kg that is sitting at rest on a very slippery sheet of ice. Which equation will correctly give the final speed vf_BLOCK of the block? 1) (0.04 kg)*(800 m/s) = (0.50 kg) *vf_BLOCK 1) ...
Teacher Guide - Astronomy Outreach at UT Austin
... This activity is an opportunity for students to learn about the fundamental characterisitcs of stars and their life cycles. Students perform a play as members of an interview with several different stars. As the play progresses, students develop an understanding of the most fundamental concepts in s ...
... This activity is an opportunity for students to learn about the fundamental characterisitcs of stars and their life cycles. Students perform a play as members of an interview with several different stars. As the play progresses, students develop an understanding of the most fundamental concepts in s ...
Gravitation
... In a distant solar system where several planets are orbiting a single star of mass M, a large asteroid collides with a planet of mass m orbiting the star at a distance r. As a result, the planet is ejected from its solar system. What is minimum amount of energy that the planet must receive in the c ...
... In a distant solar system where several planets are orbiting a single star of mass M, a large asteroid collides with a planet of mass m orbiting the star at a distance r. As a result, the planet is ejected from its solar system. What is minimum amount of energy that the planet must receive in the c ...
How Big is the Solar System?
... The circling movements mean that the planets spend most of their time much farther apart even than they appear in out straight-line model. The distance between two planets can be up to the sum of their distances from the sun, instead of the difference. Jupiter and Saturn, for instance, can be as clo ...
... The circling movements mean that the planets spend most of their time much farther apart even than they appear in out straight-line model. The distance between two planets can be up to the sum of their distances from the sun, instead of the difference. Jupiter and Saturn, for instance, can be as clo ...
Chapter 2 History
... two thousand years earlier by Aristarchus. As before, the proposal failed to generate meaningful interest outside of a small circle of initiates. So little in fact that Copernicus postponed publication of his ideas literally to his dying day and, not to give offence, he dedicated his work to the pope ...
... two thousand years earlier by Aristarchus. As before, the proposal failed to generate meaningful interest outside of a small circle of initiates. So little in fact that Copernicus postponed publication of his ideas literally to his dying day and, not to give offence, he dedicated his work to the pope ...
Darwin – A Mission to Detect, and Search for Life on, Extrasolar
... modern astronomy. The detection of planets with a wide range of masses demonstrates that extra-solar planets of low mass exist. In this paper we describe a mission, called Darwin, whose primary goal is the search for, and characterization of, terrestrial extrasolar planets and the search for life. A ...
... modern astronomy. The detection of planets with a wide range of masses demonstrates that extra-solar planets of low mass exist. In this paper we describe a mission, called Darwin, whose primary goal is the search for, and characterization of, terrestrial extrasolar planets and the search for life. A ...
1 HABITABLE ZONES IN THE UNIVERSE GUILLERMO GONZALEZ
... Hart (1978, 1979) presented a detailed and mathematical study of the CHZ. He modeled the evolution of the Earth’s climate since its formation, including volcanic outgassing, atmospheric loss, the greenhouse effect, albedo variations, biomass variation, various geophysical processes, and the gradual ...
... Hart (1978, 1979) presented a detailed and mathematical study of the CHZ. He modeled the evolution of the Earth’s climate since its formation, including volcanic outgassing, atmospheric loss, the greenhouse effect, albedo variations, biomass variation, various geophysical processes, and the gradual ...
New Worlds Ahead: The Discovery of Exoplanets
... (K∗ increases with m), as well as shorter period (i.e. close-in) planets. Planets are also easier to find around low-mass stars than heavier stars. Furthermore, a planet must at least complete one full orbit in order to have its parameters constrained (although more orbits are usually needed to obta ...
... (K∗ increases with m), as well as shorter period (i.e. close-in) planets. Planets are also easier to find around low-mass stars than heavier stars. Furthermore, a planet must at least complete one full orbit in order to have its parameters constrained (although more orbits are usually needed to obta ...
November 2005 - Otterbein University
... – get the luminosity. This is your y-coordinate. – Then take the spectral type as your x-coordinate. This may look strange, e.g. K5III for Aldebaran. Ignore the roman numbers ( III means a giant star, V means dwarf star, etc). First letter is the spectral type: K (one of OBAFGKM), the arab number (5 ...
... – get the luminosity. This is your y-coordinate. – Then take the spectral type as your x-coordinate. This may look strange, e.g. K5III for Aldebaran. Ignore the roman numbers ( III means a giant star, V means dwarf star, etc). First letter is the spectral type: K (one of OBAFGKM), the arab number (5 ...
(as Main Sequence Stars)?
... Luminosity = (energy radiated per cm2 per sec) x (area of surface in cm2) So: Luminosity (temperature) 4 x (surface area) Determine luminosity from apparent brightness and distance, determine temperature from spectrum (black-body curve or spectral lines), then find surface area, then find radius ( ...
... Luminosity = (energy radiated per cm2 per sec) x (area of surface in cm2) So: Luminosity (temperature) 4 x (surface area) Determine luminosity from apparent brightness and distance, determine temperature from spectrum (black-body curve or spectral lines), then find surface area, then find radius ( ...
Chapter 29 Review
... All stars, including the Sun, have the following identical composition: 1. 25 percent hydrogen; 73 percent helium; and 2 percent oxygen 2. 25 percent helium; 73 percent hydrogen; and 2 percent other 3. 25 percent helium; 73 percent hydrogen; and 2 percent oxygen 4. 25 percent hydrogen; 73 percent h ...
... All stars, including the Sun, have the following identical composition: 1. 25 percent hydrogen; 73 percent helium; and 2 percent oxygen 2. 25 percent helium; 73 percent hydrogen; and 2 percent other 3. 25 percent helium; 73 percent hydrogen; and 2 percent oxygen 4. 25 percent hydrogen; 73 percent h ...
Introduction to the HR Diagram
... Important features of the HR diagram: The Y-axis is the total energy output of the star, called the Luminosity. The luminosity of stars is measured in units of the luminosity of the Sun or one solar luminosity. Thus a star that has a luminosity of 10 solar luminosities outputs 10 times more energ ...
... Important features of the HR diagram: The Y-axis is the total energy output of the star, called the Luminosity. The luminosity of stars is measured in units of the luminosity of the Sun or one solar luminosity. Thus a star that has a luminosity of 10 solar luminosities outputs 10 times more energ ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.