Spin-driven tidal pumping: Tidally driven changes in planetary spin
... star and on the planet (e.g. Jeffreys 1961, Goldreich and Soter 1966, Kaula 1968, Jackson et al. 2008). The tides also affect semi-major axes a, whose changes can modify e-damping rates on comparable timescales (Jackson et al. 2008). Evolution becomes more complex and interesting in multiplanet syst ...
... star and on the planet (e.g. Jeffreys 1961, Goldreich and Soter 1966, Kaula 1968, Jackson et al. 2008). The tides also affect semi-major axes a, whose changes can modify e-damping rates on comparable timescales (Jackson et al. 2008). Evolution becomes more complex and interesting in multiplanet syst ...
Cosmos
... learning almost nothing of these great happenings. The press was largely inattentive; television ignored the mission almost altogether. When it became clear that a definitive answer on whether there is life on Mars would not be forthcoming, interest dwindled still further. There was little tolerance ...
... learning almost nothing of these great happenings. The press was largely inattentive; television ignored the mission almost altogether. When it became clear that a definitive answer on whether there is life on Mars would not be forthcoming, interest dwindled still further. There was little tolerance ...
structure and evolution of white dwarfs and their
... the quantum statistical theory of the electron gas by Enrico Fermi and Paul Dirac. When atoms in a material are sufficiently close together, their most weakly bound electrons move freely about the volume and can be considered to behave like a gas. Almost all the electrons in the gas will occupy the ...
... the quantum statistical theory of the electron gas by Enrico Fermi and Paul Dirac. When atoms in a material are sufficiently close together, their most weakly bound electrons move freely about the volume and can be considered to behave like a gas. Almost all the electrons in the gas will occupy the ...
1 - Piscataway High School
... that means the pressure–temperature thermostat does not regulate energy production. When the temperature becomes hot enough, helium fusion begins to make energy, and the temperature rises, but pressure does not increase because the gas is degenerate. The higher temperature increases the helium fusio ...
... that means the pressure–temperature thermostat does not regulate energy production. When the temperature becomes hot enough, helium fusion begins to make energy, and the temperature rises, but pressure does not increase because the gas is degenerate. The higher temperature increases the helium fusio ...
Autumn 2016 Midterm Review - Autumn 2015 Questions
... 22. We have learned that nuclear fusion - the proton-proton chain - is occurring in the deepest part, the very core, of the Sun. What does this have to do with us? a. The gamma rays being produced provide the radiative support for the Sun. b. Eventually that energy gets transferred through the Sun a ...
... 22. We have learned that nuclear fusion - the proton-proton chain - is occurring in the deepest part, the very core, of the Sun. What does this have to do with us? a. The gamma rays being produced provide the radiative support for the Sun. b. Eventually that energy gets transferred through the Sun a ...
The Kuiper Belt and Other Debris Disks - UCLA
... 2.3.1 Oort Cloud Comets The orbits of long period comets are highly elliptical, isotropically distributed and typically large (Figure 1), suggesting a gravitationally bound, spheroidal source region of order 100,000 AU in extent (Oort 1950). Comets in the cloud are scattered randomly into the planet ...
... 2.3.1 Oort Cloud Comets The orbits of long period comets are highly elliptical, isotropically distributed and typically large (Figure 1), suggesting a gravitationally bound, spheroidal source region of order 100,000 AU in extent (Oort 1950). Comets in the cloud are scattered randomly into the planet ...
Interactive 4 - Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Explorer
... ● Click anywhere on the HR diagram on the right to see the temperature and luminosity values for a star in the region that is selected (indicated by a red cross x). The radius is calculated using the formula below and a size comparison to the sun is shown above. ● Click the temperature or luminosity ...
... ● Click anywhere on the HR diagram on the right to see the temperature and luminosity values for a star in the region that is selected (indicated by a red cross x). The radius is calculated using the formula below and a size comparison to the sun is shown above. ● Click the temperature or luminosity ...
File - EDUcity(class 7)
... 1. What is the name of the biggest part of the human brain? 2. The colored part of the human eye that controls how much light passes through the pupil is called the? 3. What is the name of the substance that gives skin and hair its pigment? 4. The muscles found in the front of your thighs are known ...
... 1. What is the name of the biggest part of the human brain? 2. The colored part of the human eye that controls how much light passes through the pupil is called the? 3. What is the name of the substance that gives skin and hair its pigment? 4. The muscles found in the front of your thighs are known ...
Downloaded - Royal Society Open Science
... Decades of unsuccessful attempts to find planets around other Sun-like stars preceded the unexpected 1992 discovery of planetary bodies orbiting a pulsar [1,2]. The three planets around the millisecond pulsar PSR B1257+12 were the first confidently reported extrasolar planets to withstand enduring s ...
... Decades of unsuccessful attempts to find planets around other Sun-like stars preceded the unexpected 1992 discovery of planetary bodies orbiting a pulsar [1,2]. The three planets around the millisecond pulsar PSR B1257+12 were the first confidently reported extrasolar planets to withstand enduring s ...
8-4.9 - S2TEM Centers SC
... light year is equal to the distance light travel in one year. NOTE TO TEACHER: Students may come with a misconception that the Milky Way galaxy is in the solar system because they may have seen the band of stars in the night sky. The relationship between objects within the solar system and those out ...
... light year is equal to the distance light travel in one year. NOTE TO TEACHER: Students may come with a misconception that the Milky Way galaxy is in the solar system because they may have seen the band of stars in the night sky. The relationship between objects within the solar system and those out ...
IR Universe
... horizontally across the image. Blue sources are cool stars within our Galaxy, which show an obvious concentration to the galactic plane and center. Yellow-green sources are galaxies which are basically uniformly distributed across the sky, but show an enhancement along a great circle above the galac ...
... horizontally across the image. Blue sources are cool stars within our Galaxy, which show an obvious concentration to the galactic plane and center. Yellow-green sources are galaxies which are basically uniformly distributed across the sky, but show an enhancement along a great circle above the galac ...
1. The Birth of a Star
... Time display. The date is shown as (year, month, day). The time is in the format (hours, minutes, seconds Universal Time or local time) on a 24-hour clock. For example, 2003 06 18 01:33:33 UTC means you are viewing the sky as it looks in the year 2003 on June (the 6th month) 18 (the 18th day) at abo ...
... Time display. The date is shown as (year, month, day). The time is in the format (hours, minutes, seconds Universal Time or local time) on a 24-hour clock. For example, 2003 06 18 01:33:33 UTC means you are viewing the sky as it looks in the year 2003 on June (the 6th month) 18 (the 18th day) at abo ...
Worlds Beyond: A Strategy for the Detection and Characterization of
... bright enough for monitoring. The only technique appropriate to survey the nearest hundred or so bright sun-like stars in the mid-term is space-based astrometry, and this is one cornerstone of the Task Force recommendations. To study the planet atmosphere for signs of habitability or life, direct i ...
... bright enough for monitoring. The only technique appropriate to survey the nearest hundred or so bright sun-like stars in the mid-term is space-based astrometry, and this is one cornerstone of the Task Force recommendations. To study the planet atmosphere for signs of habitability or life, direct i ...
oC - Geogreenapps
... learner has a set of thtJ .amtJ map. in his text-book, and can, therefore, pursue his studies either with or without the large mapa, accorciog to circnmstances. The text, however, has not been altered; 10 that the book is still perfectly adapted to the large mapa, and can be used with former edition ...
... learner has a set of thtJ .amtJ map. in his text-book, and can, therefore, pursue his studies either with or without the large mapa, accorciog to circnmstances. The text, however, has not been altered; 10 that the book is still perfectly adapted to the large mapa, and can be used with former edition ...
Star Formation in the Galaxy, An Observational Overview
... to as brown dwarfs.) Stars with larger masses are presumably too luminous to hold on to their outer atmospheres. Once a star exhausts its supply of hydrogen in its central core, nuclear reactions there plummet and the helium-rich core contracts unable to support itself against gravity. The contracti ...
... to as brown dwarfs.) Stars with larger masses are presumably too luminous to hold on to their outer atmospheres. Once a star exhausts its supply of hydrogen in its central core, nuclear reactions there plummet and the helium-rich core contracts unable to support itself against gravity. The contracti ...
california content standards: earth sciences
... and changes in stars, galaxies, and the universe over time. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know the solar system is located in an outer edge of the discshaped Milky Way galaxy, which spans 100,000 light years. b. Students know galaxies are made of billions of stars and compri ...
... and changes in stars, galaxies, and the universe over time. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know the solar system is located in an outer edge of the discshaped Milky Way galaxy, which spans 100,000 light years. b. Students know galaxies are made of billions of stars and compri ...
6th Grade Science
... innovation. In order for you to experience science in its fullest sense you must take it beyond the textbook and into your everyday experience, but in order to be meaningful there are certain guidelines that can help us. Science is not constrained to the study of space and microorganisms, but there ...
... innovation. In order for you to experience science in its fullest sense you must take it beyond the textbook and into your everyday experience, but in order to be meaningful there are certain guidelines that can help us. Science is not constrained to the study of space and microorganisms, but there ...
P7 Further Physics
... The period is related to their luminosity. You can measure the distance of these stars by: 1) Observe for a few weeks to find the period 2) Use various mathematical relationships to determine the distance Measurements of the distances to Cepheid variable stars shows that they are very far away and m ...
... The period is related to their luminosity. You can measure the distance of these stars by: 1) Observe for a few weeks to find the period 2) Use various mathematical relationships to determine the distance Measurements of the distances to Cepheid variable stars shows that they are very far away and m ...
Computer Lecture Notes
... Catalogue. For the other five, no solution is given: HIP 55203, HIP 59273, HIP 78727, HIP 80579 and HIP 115125. There is also a dummy entry, HIP 120412, for which all parameters are set to zero. This star was in the input catalogue for the satellite measurements, but not found. An important advantag ...
... Catalogue. For the other five, no solution is given: HIP 55203, HIP 59273, HIP 78727, HIP 80579 and HIP 115125. There is also a dummy entry, HIP 120412, for which all parameters are set to zero. This star was in the input catalogue for the satellite measurements, but not found. An important advantag ...
Earth`s Moon and Solar System Test Prep
... Most scientists believe the Milky Way Galaxy is (1) spherical in shape (2) 4.6 billion years old (3) composed of stars revolving around Earth (4) one of billions of galaxies in the universe Base your answers to the following 4 questions on the graph below, which shows two conditions responsible for ...
... Most scientists believe the Milky Way Galaxy is (1) spherical in shape (2) 4.6 billion years old (3) composed of stars revolving around Earth (4) one of billions of galaxies in the universe Base your answers to the following 4 questions on the graph below, which shows two conditions responsible for ...
Planet Hunters: The First Two Planet Candidates Identified by the
... that six of the ten were unlikely to be planet candidates. KIC 11904734 has a V-shaped transit and very large radius, suggesting an eclipsing binary star system. KIC 8043052 and KIC 12009347 have secondary occultations that are also consistent with eclipsing binary systems. KIC 4913000 and KIC 90978 ...
... that six of the ten were unlikely to be planet candidates. KIC 11904734 has a V-shaped transit and very large radius, suggesting an eclipsing binary star system. KIC 8043052 and KIC 12009347 have secondary occultations that are also consistent with eclipsing binary systems. KIC 4913000 and KIC 90978 ...
The physics of white dwarfs
... theory. Together with neutron stars and black holes, they are the terminal points of stellar evolution. Their properties thus provide clues to the physical processes that take place during the rapid and often spectacular evolutionary stages near the ends of stellar lifetimes. In addition, white dwar ...
... theory. Together with neutron stars and black holes, they are the terminal points of stellar evolution. Their properties thus provide clues to the physical processes that take place during the rapid and often spectacular evolutionary stages near the ends of stellar lifetimes. In addition, white dwar ...
The Life of a Star
... other half is used to raise Ei (star is heated). Another interpretation is that since the star must radiate (because it is hotter than the universe at large), at the same time it heats up and shrinks (although parts { the envelope { might well and does expand, nevertheless). 2 ...
... other half is used to raise Ei (star is heated). Another interpretation is that since the star must radiate (because it is hotter than the universe at large), at the same time it heats up and shrinks (although parts { the envelope { might well and does expand, nevertheless). 2 ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.