Asteroids, Comets, and Meteorites: Cosmic Invaders of the Earth
... At some point following the big bang, fluctuations in the smooth flow of matter and energy served as seeds for galaxy formation. A change in the fabric of space produced lumps and ripples in the distribution of matter.These yielded galaxies and galaxy clusters with up to hundreds of members.This pha ...
... At some point following the big bang, fluctuations in the smooth flow of matter and energy served as seeds for galaxy formation. A change in the fabric of space produced lumps and ripples in the distribution of matter.These yielded galaxies and galaxy clusters with up to hundreds of members.This pha ...
Extrasolar Kuiper Belt Dust Disks
... is likely produced by a reservoir of undetected kilometersized planetesimals producing dust by mutual collisions or by evaporation of comets scattered close to the star (Backman and Paresce, 1993). At any particular age, observations show a great diversity of debris disks surrounding similar type st ...
... is likely produced by a reservoir of undetected kilometersized planetesimals producing dust by mutual collisions or by evaporation of comets scattered close to the star (Backman and Paresce, 1993). At any particular age, observations show a great diversity of debris disks surrounding similar type st ...
Digital STARLAB Teachers Guide
... The Digital STARLAB system features a compact, manually-operated, user-friendly planetarium projector designed to produce the highest quality starfield images of any projection system in its price range for portable and small fixed domes. The projector features a custom fisheye lens (patent pending) ca ...
... The Digital STARLAB system features a compact, manually-operated, user-friendly planetarium projector designed to produce the highest quality starfield images of any projection system in its price range for portable and small fixed domes. The projector features a custom fisheye lens (patent pending) ca ...
gerard peter kuiper - National Academy of Sciences
... least in outline; that it was identical to the general process of star formation, from slightly turbulent prestellar clouds upon contraction, with conservation of angular momentum. It followed that the Solar System was no more than an "unsuccessful" double star with the companion mass spread out rad ...
... least in outline; that it was identical to the general process of star formation, from slightly turbulent prestellar clouds upon contraction, with conservation of angular momentum. It followed that the Solar System was no more than an "unsuccessful" double star with the companion mass spread out rad ...
Elements of astronomy
... If, however, a student is unable to understand the rest. very simple mathematical portions of this volume, the descriptive part will generally be intelligible without them and the portions which it would be found necessary to omit would not, in the aggregate, much exceed twenty pages. Great care has ...
... If, however, a student is unable to understand the rest. very simple mathematical portions of this volume, the descriptive part will generally be intelligible without them and the portions which it would be found necessary to omit would not, in the aggregate, much exceed twenty pages. Great care has ...
the evolution of planetary systems with time
... these two results can account for a great deal of the possible behavior in solar systems where the central star loses mass. A number of previous studies have considered planetary dynamics for host stars that are losing mass. For our own Solar System, long term integrations have been carried out to s ...
... these two results can account for a great deal of the possible behavior in solar systems where the central star loses mass. A number of previous studies have considered planetary dynamics for host stars that are losing mass. For our own Solar System, long term integrations have been carried out to s ...
The chemical composition of solar-type stars and its impact on the
... Planet search is usually conducted using two different methods, the radial velocity method and the transit one. In the radial velocity method, displacements of a star’s spectral lines are observed. This effect is caused by the star’s motion around the common center of mass of the star-planet system ...
... Planet search is usually conducted using two different methods, the radial velocity method and the transit one. In the radial velocity method, displacements of a star’s spectral lines are observed. This effect is caused by the star’s motion around the common center of mass of the star-planet system ...
Presolar Cloud Collapse and the Formation and Early Evolution of
... Field strengths are found to depend on the density to roughly the 1/2 power, as is predicted to be the case if ambipolar diffusion controls the cloud’s dynamics (Mouschovias, 1991). Ambipolar diffusion is the process of slippage of the primarily neutral gas molecules past the ions, to which the magn ...
... Field strengths are found to depend on the density to roughly the 1/2 power, as is predicted to be the case if ambipolar diffusion controls the cloud’s dynamics (Mouschovias, 1991). Ambipolar diffusion is the process of slippage of the primarily neutral gas molecules past the ions, to which the magn ...
Comprehensive Wide-Band Magnitudes and Albedos for the Planets
... This section describes new photometry recorded on the Sloan system. We discuss the standard stars used for brightness references, the optical and sensor hardware employed, the observing procedures and the methods of calibration. The Sloan standard stars of Smith et al. (2002) range from about magnit ...
... This section describes new photometry recorded on the Sloan system. We discuss the standard stars used for brightness references, the optical and sensor hardware employed, the observing procedures and the methods of calibration. The Sloan standard stars of Smith et al. (2002) range from about magnit ...
Rotation, activity, and stellar obliquities in a large uniform sample of
... We then tested our period-finding procedure using solar data, inspired by the approach outlined in Basri et al. (2011). In particular, we chose 2 four-year segments of SOHO Virgo g+r data to sample the Sun around both solar maximum and solar minimum. The former segment began in March 2000 and the la ...
... We then tested our period-finding procedure using solar data, inspired by the approach outlined in Basri et al. (2011). In particular, we chose 2 four-year segments of SOHO Virgo g+r data to sample the Sun around both solar maximum and solar minimum. The former segment began in March 2000 and the la ...
Hint of a transiting extended atmosphere on 55 Cancri b⋆
... parameters into account. These choices are (i) the transit start (T b ) and end (T b ) times; and (ii) the wavelength domain in the Lyα line. The FAP associated with (i) is calculated with a boot-strap method, randomising the choices of T b and T b . In each trial, the transit depth is estimat ...
... parameters into account. These choices are (i) the transit start (T b ) and end (T b ) times; and (ii) the wavelength domain in the Lyα line. The FAP associated with (i) is calculated with a boot-strap method, randomising the choices of T b and T b . In each trial, the transit depth is estimat ...
“what`s the matter?” inquiry lab - Science - Miami
... SC.7.N.1.2 Differentiate replication (by others) from repetition (multiple trials). (Also assesses SC.6.N.1.2, SC.6.N.1.4, and SC.8.N.1.2.) (Cognitive Complexity Level 2: Basic Application of Skills and Concepts) SC.7.N.1.5 Describe the methods used in the pursuit of a scientific explanation as seen ...
... SC.7.N.1.2 Differentiate replication (by others) from repetition (multiple trials). (Also assesses SC.6.N.1.2, SC.6.N.1.4, and SC.8.N.1.2.) (Cognitive Complexity Level 2: Basic Application of Skills and Concepts) SC.7.N.1.5 Describe the methods used in the pursuit of a scientific explanation as seen ...
Mathematica - Press Center
... Meteor Showers • Sunspots • Solar Eclipses • Lunar Eclipses • Transits of Mercury • Transits of Venus • Saturn’s Rings Edge On • Uranus’ Poles Side On • Mercury Apparitions • Venus Apparitions • Mars Opposition • Jupiter Opposition • Saturn Opposition • Lunar Occultations • ...
... Meteor Showers • Sunspots • Solar Eclipses • Lunar Eclipses • Transits of Mercury • Transits of Venus • Saturn’s Rings Edge On • Uranus’ Poles Side On • Mercury Apparitions • Venus Apparitions • Mars Opposition • Jupiter Opposition • Saturn Opposition • Lunar Occultations • ...
Lokal fulltext - Chalmers Publication Library
... The connection with planetary systems is through the fact that all of these <1 mm are not very long-lived stars are main sequence stars. Grains of sizes ∼ in circumstellar environments due to Poynting–Robertson drag (PR-drag) and radiation pressure. Thus where dust grains exist, there must also exis ...
... The connection with planetary systems is through the fact that all of these <1 mm are not very long-lived stars are main sequence stars. Grains of sizes ∼ in circumstellar environments due to Poynting–Robertson drag (PR-drag) and radiation pressure. Thus where dust grains exist, there must also exis ...
WAS THE SUN BORN IN A MASSIVE CLUSTER?
... A number of authors have argued that the Sun must have been born in a cluster of no more than several thousand stars, on the basis that, in a larger cluster, close encounters between the Sun and other stars would have truncated the outer solar system or excited the outer planets into eccentric orbit ...
... A number of authors have argued that the Sun must have been born in a cluster of no more than several thousand stars, on the basis that, in a larger cluster, close encounters between the Sun and other stars would have truncated the outer solar system or excited the outer planets into eccentric orbit ...
Sidereus Nuncius (Print Translation)
... I shall first mention briefly, and then I shall review the history of the observations made by me. About ten months ago a rumor came to our ears that a spyglass had been made by a certain Dutchman23 by means of which visible objects, although far removed from the eye of the observer, were distinctl ...
... I shall first mention briefly, and then I shall review the history of the observations made by me. About ten months ago a rumor came to our ears that a spyglass had been made by a certain Dutchman23 by means of which visible objects, although far removed from the eye of the observer, were distinctl ...
The Solar System and Beyond CHAPTER 8
... closest neighbor in space. It is about 384,000 kilometers (240,000 miles) from Earth. This is almost 400 times closer to Earth than the Sun. Rocks on the Moon are similar to some Earth rocks. However, there are many differences between Earth and the Moon. For one, the Moon is much smaller than Earth ...
... closest neighbor in space. It is about 384,000 kilometers (240,000 miles) from Earth. This is almost 400 times closer to Earth than the Sun. Rocks on the Moon are similar to some Earth rocks. However, there are many differences between Earth and the Moon. For one, the Moon is much smaller than Earth ...
- StealthSkater
... table, stars in spectral class 'G' have stable lifespans of 10 billion years. (Our Sun -- actually a 'G2' star - has a somewhat longer stable life expectancy of 11 billion years.) We are about 5 billion years into that period, so we can look forward to the Sun remaining much as it is (actually it wi ...
... table, stars in spectral class 'G' have stable lifespans of 10 billion years. (Our Sun -- actually a 'G2' star - has a somewhat longer stable life expectancy of 11 billion years.) We are about 5 billion years into that period, so we can look forward to the Sun remaining much as it is (actually it wi ...
The Solar System - Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
... System is composed of the sun, the planets, the planetoids, the satellites, the comets and the meteors. T h at the sun is an ordinary star of average dimensions and probably of middle age. T h at since the discovery of the new planet Pluto the diameter of our system has become about 8,000,000,000 mi ...
... System is composed of the sun, the planets, the planetoids, the satellites, the comets and the meteors. T h at the sun is an ordinary star of average dimensions and probably of middle age. T h at since the discovery of the new planet Pluto the diameter of our system has become about 8,000,000,000 mi ...
ASTR 110 Lab Manual Sections M02 M03 M04
... for Neptune on the plot, it’s really hard to put the data for the nearby planets on the graph in any way that really lets you see what is going on for them! This situation comes up a lot in astronomy, where there is often a very large range in observed physical quantities. To overcome it, scientists ...
... for Neptune on the plot, it’s really hard to put the data for the nearby planets on the graph in any way that really lets you see what is going on for them! This situation comes up a lot in astronomy, where there is often a very large range in observed physical quantities. To overcome it, scientists ...
Analysis of Angular Momentum in Planetary Systems and Host Stars
... (Schatzman, 1962) and stellar winds produced by chromospherically active surfaces (Mestel, 1968). Most rotational slow-down for all stars appears to occur during Pre-Main Sequence (PMS) contraction, but additional braking occurs for low-mass stars for much of their lifetime on the Main Sequence (Wol ...
... (Schatzman, 1962) and stellar winds produced by chromospherically active surfaces (Mestel, 1968). Most rotational slow-down for all stars appears to occur during Pre-Main Sequence (PMS) contraction, but additional braking occurs for low-mass stars for much of their lifetime on the Main Sequence (Wol ...
Project Description - SDSS-III
... ratio ∼1:6, flat space, and primordial fluctuations with the statistical properties predicted by inflation. This model requires one very surprising ingredient, “dark energy,” which drives accelerating expansion of the Universe. Large-scale imaging and spectroscopic surveys have revealed rich, comple ...
... ratio ∼1:6, flat space, and primordial fluctuations with the statistical properties predicted by inflation. This model requires one very surprising ingredient, “dark energy,” which drives accelerating expansion of the Universe. Large-scale imaging and spectroscopic surveys have revealed rich, comple ...
Pale Blue Dot
... people from Borneo settled Madagascar; Egyptians and Libyans circumnavigated Africa; and a great eet of oceangoing junks from Ming Dynasty China crisscrossed the Indian Ocean, established a base in Zanzibar, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and entered the Atlantic Ocean. In the fteenth through sevent ...
... people from Borneo settled Madagascar; Egyptians and Libyans circumnavigated Africa; and a great eet of oceangoing junks from Ming Dynasty China crisscrossed the Indian Ocean, established a base in Zanzibar, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and entered the Atlantic Ocean. In the fteenth through sevent ...
Carl Sagan - Cosmos (1980) [Full Color Illustrated
... was learning almost nothing of these great happenings. The press was largely inattentive; television ignored the mission almost altogether. When it became clear that a definitive answer on whether there is life on Mars would not be forthcoming, interest dwindled still further. There was little toler ...
... was learning almost nothing of these great happenings. The press was largely inattentive; television ignored the mission almost altogether. When it became clear that a definitive answer on whether there is life on Mars would not be forthcoming, interest dwindled still further. There was little toler ...
File - xaviantvision
... We have uncovered wonders undreamt by our ancestors who first speculated on the nature of those wandering lights in the night sky. We have probed the origins of our planet and ourselves. By discovering what else is possible, by coming face to face with alternative fates of worlds more or less like o ...
... We have uncovered wonders undreamt by our ancestors who first speculated on the nature of those wandering lights in the night sky. We have probed the origins of our planet and ourselves. By discovering what else is possible, by coming face to face with alternative fates of worlds more or less like o ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.