Hands-On Activities
... Mars: the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky. Mercury: The innermost and smallest planet in the solar system (since Pluto was re-labeled as a dwarf planet), ...
... Mars: the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky. Mercury: The innermost and smallest planet in the solar system (since Pluto was re-labeled as a dwarf planet), ...
Document
... It is reasonable to assume that tidally locked planets would be equally affected. Studies of the ozone concentration of a tidally locked planet would need to account for both the effects of the tidal locking and the altered stellar irradiance spectrum. This would complicate the cause–effect attribut ...
... It is reasonable to assume that tidally locked planets would be equally affected. Studies of the ozone concentration of a tidally locked planet would need to account for both the effects of the tidal locking and the altered stellar irradiance spectrum. This would complicate the cause–effect attribut ...
Notes on Stars
... Note: parsecs are the standard distance unit in astrophysics. Parsec means parallax second. The radius of the earth orbit, seen from a distance of 1 pc corresponds to an angular distance of 1 arcsec. ...
... Note: parsecs are the standard distance unit in astrophysics. Parsec means parallax second. The radius of the earth orbit, seen from a distance of 1 pc corresponds to an angular distance of 1 arcsec. ...
Lightning climatology of exoplanets and brown dwarfs guided by
... are suggested for which we use the lightning occurrence information from the Solar system. We examine lightning energy distributions for Earth, Jupiter and Saturn. We discuss how strong stellar activity may support lightning activity. We provide a lower limit of the total number of flashes that migh ...
... are suggested for which we use the lightning occurrence information from the Solar system. We examine lightning energy distributions for Earth, Jupiter and Saturn. We discuss how strong stellar activity may support lightning activity. We provide a lower limit of the total number of flashes that migh ...
Rotational Doppler beaming in eclipsing binaries
... transiting exoplanet around a fast rotating A-type star, similar to the WASP-33b system (Collier Cameron et al., 2010). For each system the effect is shown for an effective wavelength of λ=6000 Å, which, together with the effective temperature, determines the α factor in Eq. 2. In all three systems ...
... transiting exoplanet around a fast rotating A-type star, similar to the WASP-33b system (Collier Cameron et al., 2010). For each system the effect is shown for an effective wavelength of λ=6000 Å, which, together with the effective temperature, determines the α factor in Eq. 2. In all three systems ...
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... extrasolar companions are indeed planets, we now know of more planets outside than inside our Solar System. From available statistics, at least about 5% of the stars similar to the Sun may have giant planets. Many of the remaining stars may have long-period planets and/or currently undetectable, Ear ...
... extrasolar companions are indeed planets, we now know of more planets outside than inside our Solar System. From available statistics, at least about 5% of the stars similar to the Sun may have giant planets. Many of the remaining stars may have long-period planets and/or currently undetectable, Ear ...
Why is the Sun very dense on the inside?
... a) We can predict how long an orbit will take. b) This is the main way we determine the masses of stars. c) This lets us know if two stars that look close together in the sky really orbit one another. ...
... a) We can predict how long an orbit will take. b) This is the main way we determine the masses of stars. c) This lets us know if two stars that look close together in the sky really orbit one another. ...
Grade Eight Teacher Version - Science - Miami
... SC.7.N.1.2 Differentiate replication (by others) from repetition (multiple trials). (Also assesses SC.6.N.1.2, SC.6.N.1.4, and SC.8.N.1.2.) (Cognitive Complexity Level 2: Basic Application of Skills and Concepts) SC.7.N.1.5 Describe the methods used in the pursuit of a scientific explanation as seen ...
... SC.7.N.1.2 Differentiate replication (by others) from repetition (multiple trials). (Also assesses SC.6.N.1.2, SC.6.N.1.4, and SC.8.N.1.2.) (Cognitive Complexity Level 2: Basic Application of Skills and Concepts) SC.7.N.1.5 Describe the methods used in the pursuit of a scientific explanation as seen ...
WHAT MAKES A STAR SO SPECIAL Abstract
... Stars have a wide range of observable parameters. These parameters characterize them as space objects. There are two fundamental dependences between their parameters that connect the luminosity of the star with its temperature and mass. In this workshop we will learn more about how stars are grouped ...
... Stars have a wide range of observable parameters. These parameters characterize them as space objects. There are two fundamental dependences between their parameters that connect the luminosity of the star with its temperature and mass. In this workshop we will learn more about how stars are grouped ...
In Class Activity Manual - Department of Physics and Astronomy
... minutes to highlight the main point and uncover any large problems the groups encountered. This is your best chance to give immediate feedback. ❏ I aim for about one group activity per class, occasionally two. If you can arrange it, go for class periods longer than 50 minutes. I schedule my class f ...
... minutes to highlight the main point and uncover any large problems the groups encountered. This is your best chance to give immediate feedback. ❏ I aim for about one group activity per class, occasionally two. If you can arrange it, go for class periods longer than 50 minutes. I schedule my class f ...
Dawes Review. The tidal downsizing hypothesis of planet formation
... and brown dwarfs is offered. This interpretation is contrasted with the current observations and the predictions of the Core Accretion theory. Observations that can distinguish the two scenarios are pointed out. In particular, Tidal Downsizing predicts that presence of debris discs, sub-Neptune mass ...
... and brown dwarfs is offered. This interpretation is contrasted with the current observations and the predictions of the Core Accretion theory. Observations that can distinguish the two scenarios are pointed out. In particular, Tidal Downsizing predicts that presence of debris discs, sub-Neptune mass ...
The white dwarf population within 40 pc of the Sun
... this value there is a dramatic drop in the white dwarf number counts. Furthermore, for distances of ∼ 40 pc the observational magnitude cut will eliminate all white dwarfs with bolometric magnitudes larger than Mbol ≈ 16.0. However, this magnitude cut still enables us to resolve the sharp drop-off i ...
... this value there is a dramatic drop in the white dwarf number counts. Furthermore, for distances of ∼ 40 pc the observational magnitude cut will eliminate all white dwarfs with bolometric magnitudes larger than Mbol ≈ 16.0. However, this magnitude cut still enables us to resolve the sharp drop-off i ...
Search for an exosphere around 51 Pegasi B with ISO
... masses (which can only be estimated due to the uncertainties in sin i) and orbital parameters, their characteristics are unknown. This work is an attempt to obtain information on the planet 51 Peg B (Mayor & Queloz 1995) from spectroscopic observations of the star 51 Peg when the planet crossed the ...
... masses (which can only be estimated due to the uncertainties in sin i) and orbital parameters, their characteristics are unknown. This work is an attempt to obtain information on the planet 51 Peg B (Mayor & Queloz 1995) from spectroscopic observations of the star 51 Peg when the planet crossed the ...
The white dwarf population within 40 pc of the Sun
... the number of synthetic white dwarfs increases smoothly for increasing magnitudes up to Mbol ≈ 15.0, and that for magnitudes larger than this value there is a dramatic drop in the white dwarf number counts. Furthermore, for distances of ∼ 40 pc the observational magnitude cut will eliminate all whit ...
... the number of synthetic white dwarfs increases smoothly for increasing magnitudes up to Mbol ≈ 15.0, and that for magnitudes larger than this value there is a dramatic drop in the white dwarf number counts. Furthermore, for distances of ∼ 40 pc the observational magnitude cut will eliminate all whit ...
A new method to determine the mean density of massive Solar
... More than 10 natural satellites at a distance from their primaries, ranged from 3 to 100 relative astronomical units, have the downward trend in the mean density as the semimajor axis of the orbit grows (Fig. 2). Pluto’s moon Charon, shown here as a terrestrial planet satellite, above 10,000 rAU apa ...
... More than 10 natural satellites at a distance from their primaries, ranged from 3 to 100 relative astronomical units, have the downward trend in the mean density as the semimajor axis of the orbit grows (Fig. 2). Pluto’s moon Charon, shown here as a terrestrial planet satellite, above 10,000 rAU apa ...
The white dwarf population within 40 pc of the Sun
... faint and distant objects. Also, it is evident that the number of synthetic white dwarfs increases smoothly for increasing magnitudes up to Mbol ≈ 15.0, and that for magnitudes larger than this value there is a dramatic drop in the white dwarf number counts. Furthermore, for distances of ∼40 pc the ...
... faint and distant objects. Also, it is evident that the number of synthetic white dwarfs increases smoothly for increasing magnitudes up to Mbol ≈ 15.0, and that for magnitudes larger than this value there is a dramatic drop in the white dwarf number counts. Furthermore, for distances of ∼40 pc the ...
Earth and Our Solar System File
... • Largest planet in the Solar System (300 times bigger than Earth) • 28 moons • It is a gas planet and has no solid surface • Has a giant storm -the ‘Red Spot’ with 250 mph winds (twice the size of Earth) ...
... • Largest planet in the Solar System (300 times bigger than Earth) • 28 moons • It is a gas planet and has no solid surface • Has a giant storm -the ‘Red Spot’ with 250 mph winds (twice the size of Earth) ...
Evolution of Circumstellar Disks Around Normal Stars
... Over the past 10 years abundant evidence has emerged that many (if not all) stars are born with circumstellar disks. Understanding the evolution of post–accretion disks can provide strong constraints on theories of planet formation and evolution. In this review, we focus on developments in understan ...
... Over the past 10 years abundant evidence has emerged that many (if not all) stars are born with circumstellar disks. Understanding the evolution of post–accretion disks can provide strong constraints on theories of planet formation and evolution. In this review, we focus on developments in understan ...
Mass loss of massive stars near the Eddington luminosity by core
... 20 M red supergiant with a 4 M carbon+oxygen core, while the 50 M star has become a 22 M star with a 15 M carbon+oxygen core and a helium-rich layer outside. Figure 1 presents the neutrino luminosities obtained from the stellar evolution models. Most of neutrinos are thermally emitted and the l ...
... 20 M red supergiant with a 4 M carbon+oxygen core, while the 50 M star has become a 22 M star with a 15 M carbon+oxygen core and a helium-rich layer outside. Figure 1 presents the neutrino luminosities obtained from the stellar evolution models. Most of neutrinos are thermally emitted and the l ...
Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Exoplanets: a First Look from the
... We present Hubble Space Telescope observations of GJ1214b’s atmosphere. We find the transmission spectrum to be flat between 1.1 and 1.7µm, ruling out at 8σ the presence of a clear hydrogen-rich envelope that had been proposed to explain GJ1214b’s large radius. Additional observations will determine ...
... We present Hubble Space Telescope observations of GJ1214b’s atmosphere. We find the transmission spectrum to be flat between 1.1 and 1.7µm, ruling out at 8σ the presence of a clear hydrogen-rich envelope that had been proposed to explain GJ1214b’s large radius. Additional observations will determine ...
Stars and Planets Credits and Acknowledgements
... galaxies students will move from the 1 to 10 billion scale model used with stars to one showing the size of the Milky Way in comparison to the spacing between galaxies in the Local Group. Images of our galactic neighbors are provided for the teacher to enrich the introduction to galaxies beyond our ...
... galaxies students will move from the 1 to 10 billion scale model used with stars to one showing the size of the Milky Way in comparison to the spacing between galaxies in the Local Group. Images of our galactic neighbors are provided for the teacher to enrich the introduction to galaxies beyond our ...
Family Space Day Overview - Lunar and Planetary Institute
... o Cut a thin semi-circle, about 6 to 8 inches in diameter into the top of the box, leaving the uncut part on the side closest to the flashlight. (Diameters can vary depending on box size.) o Attach a small dark pom-pom to the end of a string. Stick the opposite end of one of the string through the s ...
... o Cut a thin semi-circle, about 6 to 8 inches in diameter into the top of the box, leaving the uncut part on the side closest to the flashlight. (Diameters can vary depending on box size.) o Attach a small dark pom-pom to the end of a string. Stick the opposite end of one of the string through the s ...
Nucleosynthesis and Chemical Evolution of Oxygen
... The et al. (2000) and El Eid et al. (2004) but with coupled nuclear burning and convection using routines written by Jordan et al. (2004). The star began with a mass 25 times greater than that of the Sun. By the end of its life, it had lost 3.4 solar masses of material due to stellar winds. The mode ...
... The et al. (2000) and El Eid et al. (2004) but with coupled nuclear burning and convection using routines written by Jordan et al. (2004). The star began with a mass 25 times greater than that of the Sun. By the end of its life, it had lost 3.4 solar masses of material due to stellar winds. The mode ...
ExoOrg_NAI
... cores and in disks around young stars, to clarify the origin and evolution of such material (Section 2.1). Energetic radiation from the young star can process pre-cometary grains and ices in the proto-planetary disk, but the effectiveness depends on many factors such as flux and spectral-energy-dist ...
... cores and in disks around young stars, to clarify the origin and evolution of such material (Section 2.1). Energetic radiation from the young star can process pre-cometary grains and ices in the proto-planetary disk, but the effectiveness depends on many factors such as flux and spectral-energy-dist ...
Space, Earth and Celestial Objects Test Prep
... and moves into a more eccentric orbit that brings it into the inner solar system. This sudden change may be caused by an impact with another asteroid or by the gravitational pull of Jupiter or Mars. The closest known near-Earth collision was in 1994, when asteroid 1994 XL1 came within the Moon’s orb ...
... and moves into a more eccentric orbit that brings it into the inner solar system. This sudden change may be caused by an impact with another asteroid or by the gravitational pull of Jupiter or Mars. The closest known near-Earth collision was in 1994, when asteroid 1994 XL1 came within the Moon’s orb ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.