arXiv:1502.03605v2 [astro-ph.EP] 24 Apr 2015
... do not quantify the inherent degeneracy of interior structure models. For example, Valencia et al. (2006, 2007c); Sotin et al. (2007); Wagner et al. (2011) it has been shown that different core sizes and mantle compositions affect the mass-radius relationship, but to our knowledge no comprehensive s ...
... do not quantify the inherent degeneracy of interior structure models. For example, Valencia et al. (2006, 2007c); Sotin et al. (2007); Wagner et al. (2011) it has been shown that different core sizes and mantle compositions affect the mass-radius relationship, but to our knowledge no comprehensive s ...
Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe
... The results presented at the meeting were startling. The simulations showed that rocky planets orbiting at the “right” distances from the central star are easily formed, but they can end up with a wide range of water content. The planet-building materials in a habitable zone include dry materials th ...
... The results presented at the meeting were startling. The simulations showed that rocky planets orbiting at the “right” distances from the central star are easily formed, but they can end up with a wide range of water content. The planet-building materials in a habitable zone include dry materials th ...
Article PDF - IOPscience
... Using an MSIS model atmosphere,5 we find that this density occurs at a height of 92 km, comparable to the observed height at both AMOR and Arecibo. On the other hand, radar data from Jodrell Bank and from Ottawa show that radar meteoroids detected by those systems also ablate at heights near 95 km ( ...
... Using an MSIS model atmosphere,5 we find that this density occurs at a height of 92 km, comparable to the observed height at both AMOR and Arecibo. On the other hand, radar data from Jodrell Bank and from Ottawa show that radar meteoroids detected by those systems also ablate at heights near 95 km ( ...
A Thermodynamic History of the Solar Constitution — II
... 1 The search for a continuous thermal spectrum: Car- dominant role [7]. Balfour Stewart [8] who, along with Gusbon particles on the Sun? tav Kirchhoff [9], was one of the fathers of thermal emission, emphasized the crucial role of carbon in heat radiation: “InConsider particulate matter floating on ...
... 1 The search for a continuous thermal spectrum: Car- dominant role [7]. Balfour Stewart [8] who, along with Gusbon particles on the Sun? tav Kirchhoff [9], was one of the fathers of thermal emission, emphasized the crucial role of carbon in heat radiation: “InConsider particulate matter floating on ...
Analysis of Stellar Activity and Orbital Dynamics in Extrasolar
... The area of exoplanet research, which emerged less than two decades ago, was revolutionized with the advent of space-based photometers like CoRoT and Kepler. These observatories provide long-term monitoring of thousands of stars with unprecendented accuracy and high time resolution to detect transit ...
... The area of exoplanet research, which emerged less than two decades ago, was revolutionized with the advent of space-based photometers like CoRoT and Kepler. These observatories provide long-term monitoring of thousands of stars with unprecendented accuracy and high time resolution to detect transit ...
hwd_ewd_v3 - X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group
... consequence, study of hot white dwarfs is of great importance in revealing the underlying physical processes. So, just what is a “hot white dwarf”? In this chapter we will deal with white dwarfs from their formation at temperatures ~200,000K down to ~10,000K, encompassing the first ~1 billion years ...
... consequence, study of hot white dwarfs is of great importance in revealing the underlying physical processes. So, just what is a “hot white dwarf”? In this chapter we will deal with white dwarfs from their formation at temperatures ~200,000K down to ~10,000K, encompassing the first ~1 billion years ...
a changing cosmos - Whittier Union High School District
... Walter Alvarez from the University of California at Berkeley. He was studying a thin layer of clay between rock layers of the Cretaceous Period (Age of Reptiles) and the Tertiary Period (containing no dinosaurs fossils). The clay layer contained very large amounts of the rare element iridium, which ...
... Walter Alvarez from the University of California at Berkeley. He was studying a thin layer of clay between rock layers of the Cretaceous Period (Age of Reptiles) and the Tertiary Period (containing no dinosaurs fossils). The clay layer contained very large amounts of the rare element iridium, which ...
Astro Review - Parkway C-2
... ANS: a spherical shell around the solar system formed by comets with long orbital periods ANS: They burn up. ANS: the study of the properties of light that depend on wavelength ANS: convection ANS: 11 ANS: During nuclear fusion, four hydrogen nuclei combine to form one helium nucleus. ANS: temperatu ...
... ANS: a spherical shell around the solar system formed by comets with long orbital periods ANS: They burn up. ANS: the study of the properties of light that depend on wavelength ANS: convection ANS: 11 ANS: During nuclear fusion, four hydrogen nuclei combine to form one helium nucleus. ANS: temperatu ...
SS_L1
... temperature-luminosity L ~ Teff where: ~0.4 mass-luminosity L ~ M where: ~3.8 Our theory of stellar structure must reproduce both these results ...
... temperature-luminosity L ~ Teff where: ~0.4 mass-luminosity L ~ M where: ~3.8 Our theory of stellar structure must reproduce both these results ...
Giuseppe Piazzi and the Discovery of Ceres
... March 20 and Oriani on April 5. On February 27, Lalande, having read in the Journal de Paris that a comet had been discovered in Palermo, wrote to Piazzi asking for his observations. The letter arrived at the beginning of April and Piazzi, who had not yet received any reaction either from Bode or Or ...
... March 20 and Oriani on April 5. On February 27, Lalande, having read in the Journal de Paris that a comet had been discovered in Palermo, wrote to Piazzi asking for his observations. The letter arrived at the beginning of April and Piazzi, who had not yet received any reaction either from Bode or Or ...
swiss ephemeris - Welcome, but
... 5.1.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 30 5.1.2. Aspect determining visibility ...................................................................................................... ...
... 5.1.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 30 5.1.2. Aspect determining visibility ...................................................................................................... ...
Photometry`s bright future: Detecting Solar System analogues with
... Our sun’s noise varies by a factor of ∼2 during the 11year solar cycle, from 7.8ppm (2007.77, quiet period) in 6.5hrs bins to 14.7ppm (2002.39, active period) (Gilliland et al. 2011; Fröhlich et al. 1997). This is at the quiet side of G-type stars, of which the most quiet 1% have 6ppm, with a total ...
... Our sun’s noise varies by a factor of ∼2 during the 11year solar cycle, from 7.8ppm (2007.77, quiet period) in 6.5hrs bins to 14.7ppm (2002.39, active period) (Gilliland et al. 2011; Fröhlich et al. 1997). This is at the quiet side of G-type stars, of which the most quiet 1% have 6ppm, with a total ...
The Birth Environment of the Solar System
... At this time, detection of planets with masses comparable to Earth is just out of reach for main-sequence stars (due to technical limitations). As a result, it is too early to assess the odds of solar systems having terrestrial planets. However, a number of considerations suggest that such planets c ...
... At this time, detection of planets with masses comparable to Earth is just out of reach for main-sequence stars (due to technical limitations). As a result, it is too early to assess the odds of solar systems having terrestrial planets. However, a number of considerations suggest that such planets c ...
2012 NSS Phy 2-(E).
... (c) In 2011, some media reports suggested that when Betelgeuse undergoes a supernova explosion (i.e. the death of a star), it will appear as the “second sun” in the sky for a few weeks. Referring to the information given below, explain whether this is true or not by comparing the brightness of Betel ...
... (c) In 2011, some media reports suggested that when Betelgeuse undergoes a supernova explosion (i.e. the death of a star), it will appear as the “second sun” in the sky for a few weeks. Referring to the information given below, explain whether this is true or not by comparing the brightness of Betel ...
here
... 1. Know which elements are most abundant in the solar system (and in the universe as a whole) and why. 2. Know what the solar nebula is and how it formed. 3. Understand the role of gravity and heat in transforming the solar nebula into the protosun and protoplanetary disk. 4. Understand the principl ...
... 1. Know which elements are most abundant in the solar system (and in the universe as a whole) and why. 2. Know what the solar nebula is and how it formed. 3. Understand the role of gravity and heat in transforming the solar nebula into the protosun and protoplanetary disk. 4. Understand the principl ...
AUGUSTE COMTE`S BLUNDER: AN ACCOUNT OF THE FIRST
... chemical composition of stars. This paper gives a broad overview of the development of stellar spectroscopy, especially from about 1860. Developments in stellar spectroscopy segregated quite clearly into three main fields of endeavour: spectral classification, radial velocities and spectral analysis ...
... chemical composition of stars. This paper gives a broad overview of the development of stellar spectroscopy, especially from about 1860. Developments in stellar spectroscopy segregated quite clearly into three main fields of endeavour: spectral classification, radial velocities and spectral analysis ...
File
... obstetrician who delivers the child turns out to have about six times the gravitational pull of Mars and ...
... obstetrician who delivers the child turns out to have about six times the gravitational pull of Mars and ...
Planet Formation: Disk Formation and Evolution
... astronomy. It has been a question asked throughout the ages since it is really a question about our own origin. We cannot hope to fully understand how life evolved on Earth if we do not know how the Earth itself formed. ...
... astronomy. It has been a question asked throughout the ages since it is really a question about our own origin. We cannot hope to fully understand how life evolved on Earth if we do not know how the Earth itself formed. ...
A Search for Extrasolar Planets Using Echoes Produced in Flare
... Hertzsprung attributed the brightening of the star to an in falling asteroid. It was not until 1947 when an American astronomer, Carpenter, discovered a flare from a series of photographic exposures of a red dwarf star intended for parallax measurements. The sudden increase of intensity returned to ...
... Hertzsprung attributed the brightening of the star to an in falling asteroid. It was not until 1947 when an American astronomer, Carpenter, discovered a flare from a series of photographic exposures of a red dwarf star intended for parallax measurements. The sudden increase of intensity returned to ...
Non-thermal hard X-ray emission from stellar coronae
... solids ⇒ planetary formation in dead zones only? When formed, planetesimals undergo random walks, rather than simple migration Close-in gaseous planets have magnetosphere which interact with the stellar one ⇒ enhanced activity Planet atmospheres are subject to high-energy irradiation and stellar win ...
... solids ⇒ planetary formation in dead zones only? When formed, planetesimals undergo random walks, rather than simple migration Close-in gaseous planets have magnetosphere which interact with the stellar one ⇒ enhanced activity Planet atmospheres are subject to high-energy irradiation and stellar win ...
Abundances and possible diffusion of elements in M 67 stars⋆
... effects, albeit of smaller overall amplitude, have recently been traced in NGC 6752 at somewhat higher metallicities (Gruyters et al. 2013). In M 4, at roughly one tenth solar metallicity, no abundance trend in iron was found between the turn-off point and the red giants (Mucciarelli et al. 2011), pos ...
... effects, albeit of smaller overall amplitude, have recently been traced in NGC 6752 at somewhat higher metallicities (Gruyters et al. 2013). In M 4, at roughly one tenth solar metallicity, no abundance trend in iron was found between the turn-off point and the red giants (Mucciarelli et al. 2011), pos ...
IFAS Novice Handbook - Indiana Astronomical Society
... total gravitational collapse of a massive star or group of stars. Crushed even smaller than the incredibly dense neutron star, the black hole may become so dense that not even light can escape its gravitational field. It has been suggested that black holes may be detectable in proximity to normal st ...
... total gravitational collapse of a massive star or group of stars. Crushed even smaller than the incredibly dense neutron star, the black hole may become so dense that not even light can escape its gravitational field. It has been suggested that black holes may be detectable in proximity to normal st ...
18_Testbank - Lick Observatory
... 24) What is the basic definition of a black hole? A) any compact mass that emits no light B) a dead star that has faded from view C) any object from which the escape velocity exceeds the speed of light D) any object made from dark matter E) a dead galactic nucleus that can only be viewed in infrared ...
... 24) What is the basic definition of a black hole? A) any compact mass that emits no light B) a dead star that has faded from view C) any object from which the escape velocity exceeds the speed of light D) any object made from dark matter E) a dead galactic nucleus that can only be viewed in infrared ...
Genesis One and the Origin of the Earth
... Genesis One and the Origin of the Earth, 2nd ed. Age of meteorites and lunar material ..................................................................................................................................35 Objections to radiometric dating ............................................... ...
... Genesis One and the Origin of the Earth, 2nd ed. Age of meteorites and lunar material ..................................................................................................................................35 Objections to radiometric dating ............................................... ...
PLUTO - science1d
... Pluto is the ________________________ and usually the ________________________ planet (a dwarf planet) from the Sun in our Solar System; it is also the smallest planet in our Solar System. This cold, rocky planet was the last planet to be discovered (Pluto was considered to be a planet from its disc ...
... Pluto is the ________________________ and usually the ________________________ planet (a dwarf planet) from the Sun in our Solar System; it is also the smallest planet in our Solar System. This cold, rocky planet was the last planet to be discovered (Pluto was considered to be a planet from its disc ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.