Editorial Introduction: Planetary geosciences, the Dutch contribution
... in the inner solar system. Coalescence of multiple planetary embryos eventually formed the present-day terrestrial planets, while beyond the frost line large gaseous planets and icy bodies ...
... in the inner solar system. Coalescence of multiple planetary embryos eventually formed the present-day terrestrial planets, while beyond the frost line large gaseous planets and icy bodies ...
Last time: looked at proton-proton chain to convert Hydrogen into
... Young stars which are still accreting material are called T-Tauri Stars. Because mass is piling on, they sometimes have explosive outbursts. ...
... Young stars which are still accreting material are called T-Tauri Stars. Because mass is piling on, they sometimes have explosive outbursts. ...
National Round Questions 2014
... Energy flows through an ecosystem in only one direction. It enters the ecosystem with the producers passed from organisms at one trophic level or energy level, to organisms in the next trophic level. Now read this paragraph carefully! An average of 90% of the energy that reaches a trophic level is us ...
... Energy flows through an ecosystem in only one direction. It enters the ecosystem with the producers passed from organisms at one trophic level or energy level, to organisms in the next trophic level. Now read this paragraph carefully! An average of 90% of the energy that reaches a trophic level is us ...
Cosmic Quest field guide.
... running water. It was formed by the stretching and cracking of the crust associated with the creation of the Tharsis bulge.) Early in its history, Mars was much more like Earth. As with Earth almost all of its carbon dioxide was used up to form carbonate rocks. But lacking the Earth's plate tectonic ...
... running water. It was formed by the stretching and cracking of the crust associated with the creation of the Tharsis bulge.) Early in its history, Mars was much more like Earth. As with Earth almost all of its carbon dioxide was used up to form carbonate rocks. But lacking the Earth's plate tectonic ...
Life cycle of low mass stars
... second closest star to the Sun (4.1 light years), is a Red Dwarf. ...
... second closest star to the Sun (4.1 light years), is a Red Dwarf. ...
Chapter 14. Stellar Structure and Evolution
... Inevitably a star will exhaust the H in its core, having converted it to He. The Sun is about half way through that process. In the core of the Sun, we believe the present composition is about 50% He. As the He is created, the core of the star must move to slightly higher temperatures and pressures ...
... Inevitably a star will exhaust the H in its core, having converted it to He. The Sun is about half way through that process. In the core of the Sun, we believe the present composition is about 50% He. As the He is created, the core of the star must move to slightly higher temperatures and pressures ...
The Case against Copernicus
... appeared to behave, and it fit the available data better than Copernicus’s system did. Brahe was a towering figure. He ran a huge research program with a castlelike observatory, a NASA-like budget, and the finest instruments and best assistants money could buy. It was Brahe’s data on Mars that Johan ...
... appeared to behave, and it fit the available data better than Copernicus’s system did. Brahe was a towering figure. He ran a huge research program with a castlelike observatory, a NASA-like budget, and the finest instruments and best assistants money could buy. It was Brahe’s data on Mars that Johan ...
KEPLER: Search for Earth-Size Planets in the Habitable Zone
... Over 250 exoplanets have been detected as of the time of this symposium (Marcy 2007). Most of these are gas giants, but super earths in short period orbits are now being found (Rivera et al. 2005, Baglin, this conference, and Mayor personal communication). However, the next step in the exploration o ...
... Over 250 exoplanets have been detected as of the time of this symposium (Marcy 2007). Most of these are gas giants, but super earths in short period orbits are now being found (Rivera et al. 2005, Baglin, this conference, and Mayor personal communication). However, the next step in the exploration o ...
WFIRST-2.4: What Every Astronomer Should Know
... point to the much more detailed description in the SDT report (Spergel et al. 2013). The most important difference between WFIRST-2.4 and the 1.3m DRM1 is, of course, the larger aperture, which affords both greater sensitivity and sharper angular resolution. There are some losses – a ~30% reduction ...
... point to the much more detailed description in the SDT report (Spergel et al. 2013). The most important difference between WFIRST-2.4 and the 1.3m DRM1 is, of course, the larger aperture, which affords both greater sensitivity and sharper angular resolution. There are some losses – a ~30% reduction ...
Document
... Newton said of himself… “ I know not what I appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier sea-shell, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.” ...
... Newton said of himself… “ I know not what I appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier sea-shell, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.” ...
A Planetary Overview - Sierra College Astronomy Home Page
... spherical (like the sun) because there are other processes going on: – Heating – The cloud increases in temperature, converting gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy. The sun would form in the center where temperatures and densities were the ...
... spherical (like the sun) because there are other processes going on: – Heating – The cloud increases in temperature, converting gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy. The sun would form in the center where temperatures and densities were the ...
Folie 1
... Evolution to Red Giant • Once the star uses up all the H in its convective core, nuclear fusion ceases, convection is quenched. The star is no longer in hydrostatic equilibrium. – Gravity wins out over pressure, and the core begins to collapse and heats up. – As the core shrinks, the energy of the ...
... Evolution to Red Giant • Once the star uses up all the H in its convective core, nuclear fusion ceases, convection is quenched. The star is no longer in hydrostatic equilibrium. – Gravity wins out over pressure, and the core begins to collapse and heats up. – As the core shrinks, the energy of the ...
Jovian Planets Notes
... ii) These particles interact with the atmosphere near the poles and produce aurorae Saturn’s Moon Titan 1) Titan is Saturn’s largest moon and is larger than the planet Mercury, and is 40 percent the diameter of Earth and is an intriguing body 2) Titan has an atmosphere a) Titan’s atmosphere is dense ...
... ii) These particles interact with the atmosphere near the poles and produce aurorae Saturn’s Moon Titan 1) Titan is Saturn’s largest moon and is larger than the planet Mercury, and is 40 percent the diameter of Earth and is an intriguing body 2) Titan has an atmosphere a) Titan’s atmosphere is dense ...
Distance, Size, and Temperature of a Star
... brighter than an entire galaxy, and can be seen from very far away. Because blue giant stars only live a short time, scientists use them to find places in outer space where new stars are forming. Remember when we talked about sun-sized stars? We said that at the end of their lives these stars expand ...
... brighter than an entire galaxy, and can be seen from very far away. Because blue giant stars only live a short time, scientists use them to find places in outer space where new stars are forming. Remember when we talked about sun-sized stars? We said that at the end of their lives these stars expand ...
intergalactic move
... Imagine what it would be like if you moved to the other side of the world, is it cold or extremely hot? Do the plants, houses and people look different? Now, think about a much bigger move: What do you think it would be like if you moved to a different part of our Galaxy? Our Galaxy, the Milky Way, ...
... Imagine what it would be like if you moved to the other side of the world, is it cold or extremely hot? Do the plants, houses and people look different? Now, think about a much bigger move: What do you think it would be like if you moved to a different part of our Galaxy? Our Galaxy, the Milky Way, ...
ph507weeks1
... Distance: Distance is an easy concept to understand: it is just a length in some units such as in feet, km, light years, parsecs etc. It has been excrutiatingly difficult to measure astronomical distances until this century. Unfortunately most stars are so far away that it is impossible to directly ...
... Distance: Distance is an easy concept to understand: it is just a length in some units such as in feet, km, light years, parsecs etc. It has been excrutiatingly difficult to measure astronomical distances until this century. Unfortunately most stars are so far away that it is impossible to directly ...
Overview and status of the Kepler Mission - Harvard
... Presently we know of more than one-hundred planets1 orbiting other stars with orbital periods from about one day to a few years. All of these planets are known or presumed to be gas-giants with minimum masses typically greater than that of Saturn, except for a few Earth-mass planets that are known t ...
... Presently we know of more than one-hundred planets1 orbiting other stars with orbital periods from about one day to a few years. All of these planets are known or presumed to be gas-giants with minimum masses typically greater than that of Saturn, except for a few Earth-mass planets that are known t ...
Chapter 17 Measuring the Stars
... quite different: These stars are all more luminous than the Sun. Two new categories appear here—the red giants and the blue giants. Clearly, the brightest stars in the sky appear bright because of their enormous luminosities, not their proximity. ...
... quite different: These stars are all more luminous than the Sun. Two new categories appear here—the red giants and the blue giants. Clearly, the brightest stars in the sky appear bright because of their enormous luminosities, not their proximity. ...
Abundance of Elements
... lifetime on main sequence is longer than the age of universe the chemical evolution of the universe ...
... lifetime on main sequence is longer than the age of universe the chemical evolution of the universe ...
1 - ESO
... is the more easily measured quantity “tau”? • For a variety of reasons, total disk mass is best measured at submillimeter wavelengths. But tau, which is a measure of far-IR excess emission, is much easier to measure and has been determined for an order of magnitude more stars than has dust mass. ...
... is the more easily measured quantity “tau”? • For a variety of reasons, total disk mass is best measured at submillimeter wavelengths. But tau, which is a measure of far-IR excess emission, is much easier to measure and has been determined for an order of magnitude more stars than has dust mass. ...
For Creative Minds - Arbordale Publishing
... • Starting at either end of line, place the fat part of a quarter on the line and trace around it. • Repeat this, placing the quarters right next to each other so that you have nine traces of quarters. Looking at the statement above, what does your paper plate circle represent and what does one of ...
... • Starting at either end of line, place the fat part of a quarter on the line and trace around it. • Repeat this, placing the quarters right next to each other so that you have nine traces of quarters. Looking at the statement above, what does your paper plate circle represent and what does one of ...
Fomalhaut b
... SC = a eforced CD = a eproper Torus inner radius = a (1 - eproper) = 133 AU Torus outer radius = a (1+ eproper) ...
... SC = a eforced CD = a eproper Torus inner radius = a (1 - eproper) = 133 AU Torus outer radius = a (1+ eproper) ...
Astro110-01 Lecture 7 The Copernican Revolution
... • He set Kepler the task of understanding the orbit of the planet Mars, which was particularly troublesome. It is believed that part of the motivation for giving the Mars problem to Kepler was that it was difficult, and Brahe hoped it would occupy Kepler while Brahe worked on his theory of the Solar ...
... • He set Kepler the task of understanding the orbit of the planet Mars, which was particularly troublesome. It is believed that part of the motivation for giving the Mars problem to Kepler was that it was difficult, and Brahe hoped it would occupy Kepler while Brahe worked on his theory of the Solar ...
Stars: from Adolescence to Old Age
... • shell fusion is very rapid because the shell layer is still compressing and increasing in temperature • luminosity of the star increases from its main sequence value • Gas surrounding the core puffs outward under the action of the extra outward ...
... • shell fusion is very rapid because the shell layer is still compressing and increasing in temperature • luminosity of the star increases from its main sequence value • Gas surrounding the core puffs outward under the action of the extra outward ...
Stars and Nebulae
... Nebula in Taurus (M1), shown in the image above. The light of the inner core is from synchrotron radiation, while the outer regions glow in many colors from emission of many gases, including red for hydrogen. ...
... Nebula in Taurus (M1), shown in the image above. The light of the inner core is from synchrotron radiation, while the outer regions glow in many colors from emission of many gases, including red for hydrogen. ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.