Chapter 6 The Solar System
... Nebular contraction is followed by condensation around dust grains, known to exist in interstellar clouds such as the one shown here. Accretion then leads to larger and larger clumps; finally gravitational attraction takes over and planets form. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Nebular contraction is followed by condensation around dust grains, known to exist in interstellar clouds such as the one shown here. Accretion then leads to larger and larger clumps; finally gravitational attraction takes over and planets form. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
PPT Format of Slides
... Nebular contraction is followed by condensation around dust grains, known to exist in interstellar clouds such as the one shown here. Accretion then leads to larger and larger clumps; finally gravitational attraction takes over and planets form. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Nebular contraction is followed by condensation around dust grains, known to exist in interstellar clouds such as the one shown here. Accretion then leads to larger and larger clumps; finally gravitational attraction takes over and planets form. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
slides
... Today at that location we see a nebula, with gases in the cloud expanding outward at about 1,500 km/s. In 1967 a pulsar was discovered in it. – period 33 ms (flashes 30 times per second), slowin ...
... Today at that location we see a nebula, with gases in the cloud expanding outward at about 1,500 km/s. In 1967 a pulsar was discovered in it. – period 33 ms (flashes 30 times per second), slowin ...
Stars and Constellations
... The Milky Way is the galaxy which contains our solar system. On a summer evening you can see a dusty trail of stars stretching across the sky. This is our Milky Way galaxy consisting of hundreds of billions of stars. Instead of seeing each star individually, the combined light appears as a faded ba ...
... The Milky Way is the galaxy which contains our solar system. On a summer evening you can see a dusty trail of stars stretching across the sky. This is our Milky Way galaxy consisting of hundreds of billions of stars. Instead of seeing each star individually, the combined light appears as a faded ba ...
Stars: from Adolescence to Old Age
... outer layers are ejected in a huge supernova explosion elements heavier than iron are formed and ejected February 21, 2006 ...
... outer layers are ejected in a huge supernova explosion elements heavier than iron are formed and ejected February 21, 2006 ...
What is a Star?
... red dwarfs, low mass stars found at the end of the main sequence, remain there a long time, & are some of the oldest stars in the galaxy ...
... red dwarfs, low mass stars found at the end of the main sequence, remain there a long time, & are some of the oldest stars in the galaxy ...
Meet the Planets - Arbordale Publishing
... over two cards so that everyone can see. If the cards match, he or she keeps the pair and takes another turn. If they do not match, the player should turn the cards back over and it is another player’s turn. The player with the most pairs at the end of the game wins. Who Am I? Copy and cut out the c ...
... over two cards so that everyone can see. If the cards match, he or she keeps the pair and takes another turn. If they do not match, the player should turn the cards back over and it is another player’s turn. The player with the most pairs at the end of the game wins. Who Am I? Copy and cut out the c ...
test - Scioly.org
... 40. Gas pressure and densities are much lower in giant stars than dwarfs. a. True b. False 41. When a star is in free-fall collapse, it is a protostar. a. True b. False 42. A star becomes a main sequence star when it is obtaining all its radiated energy from nuclear fusion of hydrogen to oxygen. a. ...
... 40. Gas pressure and densities are much lower in giant stars than dwarfs. a. True b. False 41. When a star is in free-fall collapse, it is a protostar. a. True b. False 42. A star becomes a main sequence star when it is obtaining all its radiated energy from nuclear fusion of hydrogen to oxygen. a. ...
17_LectureOutline
... looks quite different: These stars are all more luminous than the Sun. Two new categories appear here—the red giants and the blue giants. Clearly, the brightest stars in the sky appear bright because of their enormous luminosities, not their proximity. ...
... looks quite different: These stars are all more luminous than the Sun. Two new categories appear here—the red giants and the blue giants. Clearly, the brightest stars in the sky appear bright because of their enormous luminosities, not their proximity. ...
Slide 1
... looks quite different: These stars are all more luminous than the Sun. Two new categories appear here—the red giants and the blue giants. Clearly, the brightest stars in the sky appear bright because of their enormous luminosities, not their proximity. ...
... looks quite different: These stars are all more luminous than the Sun. Two new categories appear here—the red giants and the blue giants. Clearly, the brightest stars in the sky appear bright because of their enormous luminosities, not their proximity. ...
Slide 1
... Apparent brightness is how bright a star appears when viewed from Earth; it depends on the absolute brightness but also on the distance of the star: ...
... Apparent brightness is how bright a star appears when viewed from Earth; it depends on the absolute brightness but also on the distance of the star: ...
Lecture 10 Advanced Variable Star Stuff March 18 2003 8:00 PM
... A white dwarf is the remnant that is left after a star similar to our Sun dies. It blows off all of its outer layers and leaves behind a hot dense core. There is no more fuel for nuclear fusion (the elements left are mainly things like carbon and iron, not easy to fuse). If we add too much fuel, wha ...
... A white dwarf is the remnant that is left after a star similar to our Sun dies. It blows off all of its outer layers and leaves behind a hot dense core. There is no more fuel for nuclear fusion (the elements left are mainly things like carbon and iron, not easy to fuse). If we add too much fuel, wha ...
Micro_lect20a
... Orionis, one of the brightest stars in the familiar constellation of Orion, the Hunter. 4. The name Betelgeuse is Arabic in origin. As a massive red supergiant, it is nearing the end of its life and will soon become a supernova. In this historic image, a bright hotspot is revealed on the star's surf ...
... Orionis, one of the brightest stars in the familiar constellation of Orion, the Hunter. 4. The name Betelgeuse is Arabic in origin. As a massive red supergiant, it is nearing the end of its life and will soon become a supernova. In this historic image, a bright hotspot is revealed on the star's surf ...
Importance of Biologically Active Aurora
... with the possibility of direct biological effects at planetary surfaces. Other planets and satellites in the solar system and exoplanetary systems with thin or no atmospheres that directly transmit substantial fractions of incident ionizing radiation are only marginally relevant for the question of ...
... with the possibility of direct biological effects at planetary surfaces. Other planets and satellites in the solar system and exoplanetary systems with thin or no atmospheres that directly transmit substantial fractions of incident ionizing radiation are only marginally relevant for the question of ...
Luminosity
... – If we measure a star’s apparent brightness and distance, we can compute its luminosity with the inverse square law for light – Parallax tells us distances to the nearest stars ...
... – If we measure a star’s apparent brightness and distance, we can compute its luminosity with the inverse square law for light – Parallax tells us distances to the nearest stars ...
Compact stars
... Although compact stars may radiate, and thus cool off and lose energy, they do not depend on high temperatures to maintain their pressure. Barring external perturbation or baryon decay, they will persist virtually forever, although black holes are generally believed to finally evaporate from Hawking ...
... Although compact stars may radiate, and thus cool off and lose energy, they do not depend on high temperatures to maintain their pressure. Barring external perturbation or baryon decay, they will persist virtually forever, although black holes are generally believed to finally evaporate from Hawking ...
5th Grade – Topic Model - Bundle 4 Stars and the Solar System
... to critiquing the scientific explanations or solutions proposed by peers by citing relevant evidence about the natural and designed world(s). Support an argument with evidence, data, or a model. ...
... to critiquing the scientific explanations or solutions proposed by peers by citing relevant evidence about the natural and designed world(s). Support an argument with evidence, data, or a model. ...
View/Open - SUNY DSpace
... planet did move it would be moving too fast and he said the planet is too heavy to move, therefore Earth did not move, it was stationary and all the other planets revolved around the Earth. Then around the time, 100AD Ptolemy studied the sky more in depth. He noticed that sometimes planets moved fas ...
... planet did move it would be moving too fast and he said the planet is too heavy to move, therefore Earth did not move, it was stationary and all the other planets revolved around the Earth. Then around the time, 100AD Ptolemy studied the sky more in depth. He noticed that sometimes planets moved fas ...
GRB Effects
... GRB Damage GRBs are similar to supernova, BUT they can be dangerous from further away, much further away. Let’s play with a GRB beamed at the Earth from only 100 light years away. The beam will encompass the entire Solar System, but it will only last about 10 seconds. On the Earth, only one hemisph ...
... GRB Damage GRBs are similar to supernova, BUT they can be dangerous from further away, much further away. Let’s play with a GRB beamed at the Earth from only 100 light years away. The beam will encompass the entire Solar System, but it will only last about 10 seconds. On the Earth, only one hemisph ...
Undiscovered Worlds educators guide
... observing the effects they have on their parent stars. These effects, driven by gravity and line-of-sight, are visible to us as either periodic dimming (called “transits”) or shifting wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum (referred to as a “wobble”). To find a world capable of supporting l ...
... observing the effects they have on their parent stars. These effects, driven by gravity and line-of-sight, are visible to us as either periodic dimming (called “transits”) or shifting wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum (referred to as a “wobble”). To find a world capable of supporting l ...
DP11 Foundations of Astronomy
... Stars - the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram This diagram is called the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HR diagram for short), after the two astronomers who first developed it in the early 20th century. Most stars fall in a band running from top left to bottom right. This is called the main sequence. The S ...
... Stars - the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram This diagram is called the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HR diagram for short), after the two astronomers who first developed it in the early 20th century. Most stars fall in a band running from top left to bottom right. This is called the main sequence. The S ...
Neutron Stars and Black Holes
... Since the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole is rSch = 2 GM / c2, the radius of a black hole is proportional to its mass. A one billion solar mass black hole will have a radius of 3 X 109 km. Since one Astronomical Unit ~ 1.5 X 108 km, it follows that a one billion solar mass black hole has a rad ...
... Since the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole is rSch = 2 GM / c2, the radius of a black hole is proportional to its mass. A one billion solar mass black hole will have a radius of 3 X 109 km. Since one Astronomical Unit ~ 1.5 X 108 km, it follows that a one billion solar mass black hole has a rad ...
Stellar Evolution: Evolution: Birth, Life, and Death of Stars
... The evolution of Sun Sun--like stars The Sun-like star does not change much during the first ~90% of its life, as far as it has enough fuel (hydrogen) to continue with thermonuclear reactions. We call it a main sequence star. When its fuel, hydrogen, exhausts, it expands into a red giant star. ...
... The evolution of Sun Sun--like stars The Sun-like star does not change much during the first ~90% of its life, as far as it has enough fuel (hydrogen) to continue with thermonuclear reactions. We call it a main sequence star. When its fuel, hydrogen, exhausts, it expands into a red giant star. ...
Lecture 10
... Forces: Fcentrifugal ~ v2/r ~ L2/r3 & Fgrav ~ M/r2 Force ratio: Fcentrifugal /Fgrav ~ L2/r As collapse proceeds, Fcentrifugal /Fgrav increases. Impossible to form star with too much angular momentum. Result: ...
... Forces: Fcentrifugal ~ v2/r ~ L2/r3 & Fgrav ~ M/r2 Force ratio: Fcentrifugal /Fgrav ~ L2/r As collapse proceeds, Fcentrifugal /Fgrav increases. Impossible to form star with too much angular momentum. Result: ...
Slide 1
... observational proof is still lacking. We do know, however, that many or most of the elements beyond iron had to have been created very rapidly, so supernovae are still the best bet. ...
... observational proof is still lacking. We do know, however, that many or most of the elements beyond iron had to have been created very rapidly, so supernovae are still the best bet. ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.