Basic Debris Disk Model - Institute of Astronomy
... … but stellar wind drag may be significant for M stars Stellar wind forces also result in a pressure and drag component, and these can be characterised by βsw. In the solar system βsw/βrad = 1/3, but in M stars βsw/βrad >> 1 as low luminosity and high mass loss rate ...
... … but stellar wind drag may be significant for M stars Stellar wind forces also result in a pressure and drag component, and these can be characterised by βsw. In the solar system βsw/βrad = 1/3, but in M stars βsw/βrad >> 1 as low luminosity and high mass loss rate ...
A radiogenic heating evolution model for cosmochemically Earth
... half-life comparable to the age of the Universe, 232Th has lost a mere 20% of its original abundance since tss, while 40K has lost 90%. When Earth reaches an age of ca. 10 Gyr, its radiogenic heat production will be 15% of what it was at tss. At that time, 40K will no longer be a heat contributor ...
... half-life comparable to the age of the Universe, 232Th has lost a mere 20% of its original abundance since tss, while 40K has lost 90%. When Earth reaches an age of ca. 10 Gyr, its radiogenic heat production will be 15% of what it was at tss. At that time, 40K will no longer be a heat contributor ...
Notes
... layer, shrouded in dust from superwind (proto-planetary nebula) Mass loss rate decreases but wind speed increases Hydrogen layer thins further from mass loss and He burning shell Star evolves at constant luminosity (~104LSun), shrinking and heating up, until nuclear burning ceases Masses between 0.5 ...
... layer, shrouded in dust from superwind (proto-planetary nebula) Mass loss rate decreases but wind speed increases Hydrogen layer thins further from mass loss and He burning shell Star evolves at constant luminosity (~104LSun), shrinking and heating up, until nuclear burning ceases Masses between 0.5 ...
Chapter 2 - Colorado Mesa University
... What are the nodes of the Moon’s orbit? A. The points in the Moon’s orbit where it is directly in front or behind the Earth (compared to the Sun). B. The point in the Moon’s orbit where it crosses the ecliptic plane. C. The points in the Moon’s orbit where it can be seen as full. D. The points where ...
... What are the nodes of the Moon’s orbit? A. The points in the Moon’s orbit where it is directly in front or behind the Earth (compared to the Sun). B. The point in the Moon’s orbit where it crosses the ecliptic plane. C. The points in the Moon’s orbit where it can be seen as full. D. The points where ...
jackie822 beanerbutt777 life cycle of a star
... http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/gallery/prominence.gif ...
... http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/gallery/prominence.gif ...
Venus Express - Nuffield Foundation
... In many ways, Venus is comparable to Earth (see Table 1). It is a rocky planet, with similar size, mass and gravity. However, there are two major differences: Venus is much hotter than Earth and its atmosphere is very different from ours. These two facts are connected, and they explain why Venus is ...
... In many ways, Venus is comparable to Earth (see Table 1). It is a rocky planet, with similar size, mass and gravity. However, there are two major differences: Venus is much hotter than Earth and its atmosphere is very different from ours. These two facts are connected, and they explain why Venus is ...
UNIT 2 - Orange Public Schools
... orbits that are very close to being in the same plane. Most planets rotate in the same direction with respect to the Sun. The amount of radiant energy Earth receives from the Sun throughout the years is nearly constant. Planets can be categorized as inner or outer planets according to density, diame ...
... orbits that are very close to being in the same plane. Most planets rotate in the same direction with respect to the Sun. The amount of radiant energy Earth receives from the Sun throughout the years is nearly constant. Planets can be categorized as inner or outer planets according to density, diame ...
Death of Stars notes
... but that the dust can survive the explosion to become raw material for the formation of other stars—and planets. • This result supports the notion that most of the dust observed in distant young galaxies may have been made by supernova explosions of early massive stars, since no other known mechanis ...
... but that the dust can survive the explosion to become raw material for the formation of other stars—and planets. • This result supports the notion that most of the dust observed in distant young galaxies may have been made by supernova explosions of early massive stars, since no other known mechanis ...
Eccentricity
... Eccentricity and Elliptical Orbits All planets revolve around the Sun in an elliptical orbit. The name of that shape is an ellipse. An ellipse is an oval shape. ...
... Eccentricity and Elliptical Orbits All planets revolve around the Sun in an elliptical orbit. The name of that shape is an ellipse. An ellipse is an oval shape. ...
Final Review Sheet
... The kinetic energy imparted to these ejecta is about 10**51 erg. They are made of unburned stellar envelope (usually most of the mass) but also the ashes of many different stages of nuclear burning that were going on outside the core. IX. Neutron stars Gigantic nuclei, mostly neutrons, supported by ...
... The kinetic energy imparted to these ejecta is about 10**51 erg. They are made of unburned stellar envelope (usually most of the mass) but also the ashes of many different stages of nuclear burning that were going on outside the core. IX. Neutron stars Gigantic nuclei, mostly neutrons, supported by ...
solar system-where are we? - Iowa State University Extension and
... is the Moon, and they are the Earth. Have the students poke a hole at the bottom of the ball so they can stick their pencil into the ball and use it as a handle. Then have the students hold their foam balls towards the light. Have the students slowly turn at a counterclockwise direction since this i ...
... is the Moon, and they are the Earth. Have the students poke a hole at the bottom of the ball so they can stick their pencil into the ball and use it as a handle. Then have the students hold their foam balls towards the light. Have the students slowly turn at a counterclockwise direction since this i ...
Symposium`s Agenda - NSTA Learning Center
... • The sun is a major source of energy for changes on the earth's surface. The sun loses energy by emitting light. A tiny fraction of that light reaches the earth, transferring energy from the sun to the earth. The sun's energy arrives as light with a range of wavelengths, consisting of visible light ...
... • The sun is a major source of energy for changes on the earth's surface. The sun loses energy by emitting light. A tiny fraction of that light reaches the earth, transferring energy from the sun to the earth. The sun's energy arrives as light with a range of wavelengths, consisting of visible light ...
ASTR 330: The Solar System
... the shape of the Earth’s surface terrain. The prevailing view was that topology had all originated catastrophically, and that the Earth was relatively young (thousands of years). • A different view was taken by James Hutton (1726-1797), and championed by Charles Lyell (1797-1875): that the Earth’s l ...
... the shape of the Earth’s surface terrain. The prevailing view was that topology had all originated catastrophically, and that the Earth was relatively young (thousands of years). • A different view was taken by James Hutton (1726-1797), and championed by Charles Lyell (1797-1875): that the Earth’s l ...
End of the line for a star like ours
... 3. What do you think will happen to the Earth and other planets in the solar system as the Sun grows to red-giant-star size with a diameter many times that of the Sun’s present size? (This could be part of an exercise in creative writing as students research the effects of an expanding Sun. For exam ...
... 3. What do you think will happen to the Earth and other planets in the solar system as the Sun grows to red-giant-star size with a diameter many times that of the Sun’s present size? (This could be part of an exercise in creative writing as students research the effects of an expanding Sun. For exam ...
S T A R S
... Mars and Jupiter. EKOs have a combined mass in the order of 300 times the total mass of all asteroids. They have a very diverse range of colours, surfaces, sizes, surface activities and some possess satellites and atmospheres. Several binary pairs are known to exist. The short period comets are beli ...
... Mars and Jupiter. EKOs have a combined mass in the order of 300 times the total mass of all asteroids. They have a very diverse range of colours, surfaces, sizes, surface activities and some possess satellites and atmospheres. Several binary pairs are known to exist. The short period comets are beli ...
Astronomy: Earth and Space Systems
... the Sun. Revolution and rotation as movements have also been studied (4-3.4,5). They have compared the characteristics of planet Earth to the Sun and to Earth’s moon (4-3.2). No other planets or moons have been studied. A complete study of the properties of the Moon that make it unique among other m ...
... the Sun. Revolution and rotation as movements have also been studied (4-3.4,5). They have compared the characteristics of planet Earth to the Sun and to Earth’s moon (4-3.2). No other planets or moons have been studied. A complete study of the properties of the Moon that make it unique among other m ...
How Big is the Universe
... were called nebulae. This is the Latin word for clouds. Some of them appeared to be giant clouds of gas and dust inside the Milky Way. Astronomers debated whether these nebulae were within the Milky Way or outside. In the early 20th century, Edwin Hubble saw stars in a nebula in the constellation of ...
... were called nebulae. This is the Latin word for clouds. Some of them appeared to be giant clouds of gas and dust inside the Milky Way. Astronomers debated whether these nebulae were within the Milky Way or outside. In the early 20th century, Edwin Hubble saw stars in a nebula in the constellation of ...
NGC 3370 Spiral Galaxy
... • Stars form in clusters, with all types of stars forming. O,B,A,F,G,K,M • Spiral arms barely move, but gas clouds and stars orbit around the galaxy moving in and out of spiral arms • From the HR diagram, by far the most luminous stars are the O-type stars. Their luminosity can be 100,000 times the ...
... • Stars form in clusters, with all types of stars forming. O,B,A,F,G,K,M • Spiral arms barely move, but gas clouds and stars orbit around the galaxy moving in and out of spiral arms • From the HR diagram, by far the most luminous stars are the O-type stars. Their luminosity can be 100,000 times the ...
death_low_mass
... • Stars form in clusters, with all types of stars forming. O,B,A,F,G,K,M • Spiral arms barely move, but gas clouds and stars orbit around the galaxy moving in and out of spiral arms • From the HR diagram, by far the most luminous stars are the O-type stars. Their luminosity can be 100,000 times the ...
... • Stars form in clusters, with all types of stars forming. O,B,A,F,G,K,M • Spiral arms barely move, but gas clouds and stars orbit around the galaxy moving in and out of spiral arms • From the HR diagram, by far the most luminous stars are the O-type stars. Their luminosity can be 100,000 times the ...
Comet-like tail-formation of exospheres of hot rocky exoplanets
... It is expected that close-in extrasolar planets are synchronously rotating with their host star because of the strong tidal interaction. For gravitationally locked planets the rotation period is equal to the orbital period, which is usually much longer than the rotation period expected for planets n ...
... It is expected that close-in extrasolar planets are synchronously rotating with their host star because of the strong tidal interaction. For gravitationally locked planets the rotation period is equal to the orbital period, which is usually much longer than the rotation period expected for planets n ...
DIPLOMA THESIS Spectroscopic study of the star 70 Virginis and its
... around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, (c) has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit, and (d) is not a satellite. (3) All other objects except satellites orbiting the Sun s ...
... around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, (c) has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit, and (d) is not a satellite. (3) All other objects except satellites orbiting the Sun s ...
Gravity-mod
... ace-environment/1-what-travels-in-an-orbit.html • What travels in an orbit? • Almost all of our neighbors in space are in orbit around something: • All of the planets are in a circular or elliptical orbit around the Sun. • Our moon and the moons of the other planets are in orbit around their planets ...
... ace-environment/1-what-travels-in-an-orbit.html • What travels in an orbit? • Almost all of our neighbors in space are in orbit around something: • All of the planets are in a circular or elliptical orbit around the Sun. • Our moon and the moons of the other planets are in orbit around their planets ...
Rhodri Evans - LA Flood Project
... This book traces the history of our understanding of the Universe, from the early ideas of the Greeks through to the latest findings announced in the last few weeks which probe the conditions in the very earliest moments of our Universe’s existence. After laying down the evidence that our Earth is n ...
... This book traces the history of our understanding of the Universe, from the early ideas of the Greeks through to the latest findings announced in the last few weeks which probe the conditions in the very earliest moments of our Universe’s existence. After laying down the evidence that our Earth is n ...
The Earth in the Solar System
... of large planetesimals. If this idea holds in a general sense, then solar systems should form with a relatively small number of large planetary bodies rather than with many small bodies. Monte Carlo simulations bear this idea out. ...
... of large planetesimals. If this idea holds in a general sense, then solar systems should form with a relatively small number of large planetary bodies rather than with many small bodies. Monte Carlo simulations bear this idea out. ...
by Kendrick Frazier Pluto turns out not to be responsible for
... the sky, far from the ecliptic, which Tombaugh did not examine. N o t only do the calculations seem to point to a planet with a highly inclined orbit, but there is still another line of evidence, an exotic theory proposed by Harrington and Van Flandern, that also seems to them to point well out of t ...
... the sky, far from the ecliptic, which Tombaugh did not examine. N o t only do the calculations seem to point to a planet with a highly inclined orbit, but there is still another line of evidence, an exotic theory proposed by Harrington and Van Flandern, that also seems to them to point well out of t ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.