Document
... molecules are broken down in a series of steps Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD, a coenzyme As an electron acceptor, NAD functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration Each NADH (the reduced form of NAD) represents stored energy that is tapp ...
... molecules are broken down in a series of steps Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD, a coenzyme As an electron acceptor, NAD functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration Each NADH (the reduced form of NAD) represents stored energy that is tapp ...
Anaerobic degradation of aromatic amino acids by
... Proteins account for ~10 % of the biomass of all living organisms (Yokoyama & Matsumura, 2008), and therefore their degradation products play a major role in carbon and nitrogen cycling on the planet. When organisms die, proteins are broken down to their monomers (amino acids) that can serve as carb ...
... Proteins account for ~10 % of the biomass of all living organisms (Yokoyama & Matsumura, 2008), and therefore their degradation products play a major role in carbon and nitrogen cycling on the planet. When organisms die, proteins are broken down to their monomers (amino acids) that can serve as carb ...
2 Pyruvate
... The Pathway of Electron Transport The electron transport chain is located in the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondrion Most of the chain’s components are proteins, which exist in multiprotein complexes The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electr ...
... The Pathway of Electron Transport The electron transport chain is located in the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondrion Most of the chain’s components are proteins, which exist in multiprotein complexes The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electr ...
Phylogenomic Investigation of Phospholipid Synthesis in Archaea
... Isoprenoids are chains of isoprene units and their derivatives and are found ubiquitously in all living beings. They are involved in very diverse functions, such as photosynthetic pigments, hormones, quinones acting in electron transport chains, plant defense compounds, and so forth [15, 20]. In arc ...
... Isoprenoids are chains of isoprene units and their derivatives and are found ubiquitously in all living beings. They are involved in very diverse functions, such as photosynthetic pigments, hormones, quinones acting in electron transport chains, plant defense compounds, and so forth [15, 20]. In arc ...
Natural abundance of 15N in amino acids and
... conversion to EOC derivatives by reaction with ethyl chloroformate as described by Yamamoto et al. (1982). To the supernatant solution, containing 100–200 nmol of each polyamine, 0.5 ml of 100 g l−1 NaOH and 0.2 ml ethyl chloroformate were added, and it was shaken for 30 min at room temperature. Add ...
... conversion to EOC derivatives by reaction with ethyl chloroformate as described by Yamamoto et al. (1982). To the supernatant solution, containing 100–200 nmol of each polyamine, 0.5 ml of 100 g l−1 NaOH and 0.2 ml ethyl chloroformate were added, and it was shaken for 30 min at room temperature. Add ...
Glycemia and insulinemia in healthy subjects after
... Background: Milk products deviate from other carbohydratecontaining foods in that they produce high insulin responses, despite their low GI. The insulinotropic mechanism of milk has not been elucidated. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effect of common dietary sources of animal or vegeta ...
... Background: Milk products deviate from other carbohydratecontaining foods in that they produce high insulin responses, despite their low GI. The insulinotropic mechanism of milk has not been elucidated. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effect of common dietary sources of animal or vegeta ...
Metabolite Markers
... Elevations may be due to increased intake of citric acid-containing foods or result from intestinal yeast-producing citric acid, or perhaps inhibiting the human citric acid cycle. Increased citric acid may also indicate depletion of glutathione, which is required for the enzyme, aconitase to metabol ...
... Elevations may be due to increased intake of citric acid-containing foods or result from intestinal yeast-producing citric acid, or perhaps inhibiting the human citric acid cycle. Increased citric acid may also indicate depletion of glutathione, which is required for the enzyme, aconitase to metabol ...
Journal of Biotechnology Evaluation of 13C isotopic tracers for
... (MID) of each metabolite for a given set of fluxes. The sensitivity of the MIDs, in turn, to changes in the pathway fluxes ultimately determines the confidence of flux estimates, which are as important as the flux values themselves (Antoniewicz et al., 2006). Stationary MFA is conducted when the labeled ...
... (MID) of each metabolite for a given set of fluxes. The sensitivity of the MIDs, in turn, to changes in the pathway fluxes ultimately determines the confidence of flux estimates, which are as important as the flux values themselves (Antoniewicz et al., 2006). Stationary MFA is conducted when the labeled ...
Carnitine Overview
... Primary deficiency: a genetic defect in the transport of Carnitine across the cell membrane: OCTN2. ...
... Primary deficiency: a genetic defect in the transport of Carnitine across the cell membrane: OCTN2. ...
Presence of Anaplerotic Reactions and Transamination, and the
... Enzymes ofthe TCA cycle. (i) Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) was assayed by both the methods of Srere (1969) and Stitt (1983~).(ii) Aconitase (EC 4.2.1.3) was assayed by a modification of the method of Goldberg & Ellis (1983). The reaction mixture (1.0 ml) contained 100 mM-HEPES/NaOH (pH 7-4), 1.7 mM- ...
... Enzymes ofthe TCA cycle. (i) Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) was assayed by both the methods of Srere (1969) and Stitt (1983~).(ii) Aconitase (EC 4.2.1.3) was assayed by a modification of the method of Goldberg & Ellis (1983). The reaction mixture (1.0 ml) contained 100 mM-HEPES/NaOH (pH 7-4), 1.7 mM- ...
Introduction to Nutrition and Metabolism, Third Edition
... the electrical activity of the brain and nervous system. This energy requirement, the basal metabolic rate (BMR; section 5.1.3.1) can be measured by the output of heat, or the consumption of oxygen, when the subject is completely at rest. Part of this basal energy requirement is obvious – the heart ...
... the electrical activity of the brain and nervous system. This energy requirement, the basal metabolic rate (BMR; section 5.1.3.1) can be measured by the output of heat, or the consumption of oxygen, when the subject is completely at rest. Part of this basal energy requirement is obvious – the heart ...
Molecular basis of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency
... create pYCPTI-454D and pYCPTI-454G by cloning the ORF of control and mutant CPT IA, respectively, into the HindIII and EcoRI sites downstream of the GAL1 promoter. Yeast culture and expression. Wild-type S. cerevisiae (INVSC2: MATa, his3-D200, ura3-167 obtained from Invitrogen) and the transformed s ...
... create pYCPTI-454D and pYCPTI-454G by cloning the ORF of control and mutant CPT IA, respectively, into the HindIII and EcoRI sites downstream of the GAL1 promoter. Yeast culture and expression. Wild-type S. cerevisiae (INVSC2: MATa, his3-D200, ura3-167 obtained from Invitrogen) and the transformed s ...
RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
... this process. The process by which cells obtain energy from complex food molecules depends upon whether or not oxygen is present in their environment and utilised. Respiration is termed aerobic when oxygen is utilized and anaerobic when oxygen is not utilized. In anaerobic respiration, organic molec ...
... this process. The process by which cells obtain energy from complex food molecules depends upon whether or not oxygen is present in their environment and utilised. Respiration is termed aerobic when oxygen is utilized and anaerobic when oxygen is not utilized. In anaerobic respiration, organic molec ...
The DUODENAL HORMONE-CCK CCK or Cholecystokinin, the
... Dog, Sheep and cattle. In 1930, Ivy, et al injected human subjects with CCK with complete or partial evacuation of the gall bladder in 4out of 5 subjects. Use of CCK as a therapeutics agent however was questioned since it apparently did nothing more that egg yolk and cream and fatty meals. Mutt and ...
... Dog, Sheep and cattle. In 1930, Ivy, et al injected human subjects with CCK with complete or partial evacuation of the gall bladder in 4out of 5 subjects. Use of CCK as a therapeutics agent however was questioned since it apparently did nothing more that egg yolk and cream and fatty meals. Mutt and ...
Cellular Metabolism and Cancer: A Review
... products which result are very different from the normal end-products. Boveri suggested that atypical mitosis was the mechanism by which an unequal distribution of the chromosomes was produced; the essence of the theory was not ab normal mitosis, however, but abnormal chromo some complex. By whateve ...
... products which result are very different from the normal end-products. Boveri suggested that atypical mitosis was the mechanism by which an unequal distribution of the chromosomes was produced; the essence of the theory was not ab normal mitosis, however, but abnormal chromo some complex. By whateve ...
Heterotrophic cultures
... 2006; Moreno-Garrido, 2008; Brennan and Owende, 2010; Harun et al., 2010). Therefore, this approach will not be discussed in this essay. A feasible alternative for phototrophic cultures in PBRs, but restricted to a few microalgal species, is the use of their heterotrophic growth capacity in the abse ...
... 2006; Moreno-Garrido, 2008; Brennan and Owende, 2010; Harun et al., 2010). Therefore, this approach will not be discussed in this essay. A feasible alternative for phototrophic cultures in PBRs, but restricted to a few microalgal species, is the use of their heterotrophic growth capacity in the abse ...
Specificity of the Organic Acid Activation of
... control rate (in the presence of myxothiazol) is shown, and the other iates were normalized to allow for representation in a graph. The uninhibited rate of NADH oxidation was 131 and 85 nmol O, min-' mg-' protein at pH 6.5 and 7.5 respectively. prot, Protein. ...
... control rate (in the presence of myxothiazol) is shown, and the other iates were normalized to allow for representation in a graph. The uninhibited rate of NADH oxidation was 131 and 85 nmol O, min-' mg-' protein at pH 6.5 and 7.5 respectively. prot, Protein. ...
RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
... Respiration is the stepwise oxidation of complex organic molecules and release of energy as ATP for various cellular metabolic activities. Respiration involves exchange of gases between the organism and the external environment. The plants obtain oxygen from their environment and return carbon dioxi ...
... Respiration is the stepwise oxidation of complex organic molecules and release of energy as ATP for various cellular metabolic activities. Respiration involves exchange of gases between the organism and the external environment. The plants obtain oxygen from their environment and return carbon dioxi ...
Answer Set 3
... 2. Palmitic acid yields 106 molecules of ATP. Palmitoleic acid has a double bond between carbons C-9 and C-10. When palmitoleic acid is processed in ß oxidation, one of the oxidation steps (to introduce a double bond before the addition of water) will not take place, because a double bond already ex ...
... 2. Palmitic acid yields 106 molecules of ATP. Palmitoleic acid has a double bond between carbons C-9 and C-10. When palmitoleic acid is processed in ß oxidation, one of the oxidation steps (to introduce a double bond before the addition of water) will not take place, because a double bond already ex ...
Nitrogenous Wastes
... byproduct of ammonia metabolism in vertebrate animals. Uric acid is the major byproduct of ammonia metabolism in birds, terrestrial arthropods, and reptiles. ...
... byproduct of ammonia metabolism in vertebrate animals. Uric acid is the major byproduct of ammonia metabolism in birds, terrestrial arthropods, and reptiles. ...
Fatty Acids:
... which is either saturated or unsaturated. Fatty acids and their derivatives are consumed in a wide variety because they are used as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial products like, paints, surfactant, textiles, plastics, rubber, cosmetics, foods and pharmaceuticals. Industrially, fatty ...
... which is either saturated or unsaturated. Fatty acids and their derivatives are consumed in a wide variety because they are used as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial products like, paints, surfactant, textiles, plastics, rubber, cosmetics, foods and pharmaceuticals. Industrially, fatty ...
6b How to ID an Unk organism
... turn a rust or red color (Gram negatives tend to do this). Therefore, red is a positive result, colorless or brown is negative. CITRATE TEST (Control: positive = Enterobacter aerogenes) Citrate is a salt of citric acid. It is a part of the Kreb’s cycle. In this medium, citrate is the sole carbon sou ...
... turn a rust or red color (Gram negatives tend to do this). Therefore, red is a positive result, colorless or brown is negative. CITRATE TEST (Control: positive = Enterobacter aerogenes) Citrate is a salt of citric acid. It is a part of the Kreb’s cycle. In this medium, citrate is the sole carbon sou ...
A New Species of Actinomycete, Amycolata alni
... [iso-16:0acid] and 14-methylhexadecanoicacid [anteiso-17:O acid]). Straight-chain saturated fatty acids (15:0, 16:0, and 17:O acids) and unsaturated fatty acids (hexadecenoic acid [16:1 acid] and 14-methyl-pentadecenoic acid [iso-16:1 acid]), as well as 10-methyl-branchedfatty acids (10-methyl16:O a ...
... [iso-16:0acid] and 14-methylhexadecanoicacid [anteiso-17:O acid]). Straight-chain saturated fatty acids (15:0, 16:0, and 17:O acids) and unsaturated fatty acids (hexadecenoic acid [16:1 acid] and 14-methyl-pentadecenoic acid [iso-16:1 acid]), as well as 10-methyl-branchedfatty acids (10-methyl16:O a ...