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The Digestive System
The Digestive System

... Water, glucose, and alcohol can diffuse into blood ...
Clinical Biochemistry
Clinical Biochemistry

... and nitrocellulose. Chitin has a similar structure, but has nitrogen-containing side branches, increasing its strength. It is found in arthropod exoskeletons and in the cell walls of some fungi. It also has multiple uses, including surgical threads. Polysaccharides also include callose or laminarin, ...
printed handout sheets
printed handout sheets

... manner and have particular significance for intermediary metabolism You will not find much in text books, but you can find more information very easily by searching OMIM. 10. PPAR- stimulates transcription of fatty acid oxidation genes in mitochondria, peroxisomes and microsomes. It is the nuclear ...
Amino Acid Catabolism - Chemistry Courses: About
Amino Acid Catabolism - Chemistry Courses: About

... – No need for glutamate synthase – Glutamine synthetase used for different purpose: to “mop up” ammonia ...
Amino Acid Catabolism - Chemistry Courses: About
Amino Acid Catabolism - Chemistry Courses: About

... – No need for glutamate synthase – Glutamine synthetase used for different purpose: to “mop up” ammonia ...
L1 Protein composition-amino acids - e
L1 Protein composition-amino acids - e

... building blocks for the development of body’s specific proteins.  Polymers with a high molecular weight.  Protein content in animal cells and microorganisms up to 40-50%, in plant cells – up to 35% dry weight. ...
Review #3 Chapters 9 – 10
Review #3 Chapters 9 – 10

... a. The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH b. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar c. Photosystem I contains P700 chlorophyll a molecules at the reaction center; photosystem II contains P680 molecules d. In chemiosmosis, electro ...
Vitamin-similar substances
Vitamin-similar substances

... in the lipids that make up cell membranes and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Adequate intakes (AI) for this micronutrient of between 425 to 550 milligrams daily, for adults, have been established by the Food. ...
Final Exam Summer 04
Final Exam Summer 04

... A. Insulin stimulates Protein Kinase C B. Glucagon stimulates Protein Kinase A C. Calcium partially activates Phosphorylase Kinase D. A proton gradient catalyzes phosphate transfer onto Phosphorylase ...
VEN124 Section III
VEN124 Section III

... Characteristics of Saccharomyces: Sub-Cellular Organization • Plant-like cell wall: comprised of carbohydrate (glucan, mannan) and glycosylated protein (phosphomannoprotein) • Mitochondria: site of oxidative reactions • Vacuoles: site of storage and hydrolysis • Secretory pathway • Nucleus ...
Amino Acids : BCAA FLASH ZERO 360GR - BIOTECH
Amino Acids : BCAA FLASH ZERO 360GR - BIOTECH

... Amino acids are the building blocks of one of our fundamental nutrients, proteins, commonly found everywhere in human body. There are some amino acids which human body is capable of producing (non-essential amino acids), whereas the amino acids belonging to the other group (essential amino acids) ar ...
Tissue Distribution and Uptake of Endogenous Lipoprotein
Tissue Distribution and Uptake of Endogenous Lipoprotein

... grants M-2109 and H-3582, Duke University Medical Center. Presented in part at the national meeting of the American Federation for Clinical Research, Atlantic City, N. J., ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

... • Therefore, the two NADH molecules produce six ATP molecules total. So, the total number of ATP molecules formed from glycolysis is eight. When each molecule of pyruvic acid is oxidized, one molecule of NADH is produced. This occurs twice, since one glucose molecule splits into two molecules of py ...
allosteric activator
allosteric activator

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

... vigorously, the muscle cells becomes oxygen deprived, and will convert pyruvate to lactate. What happen to the lactate in skeletal muscle cells? ...
Lecture 22 – New HW assignment – Anaerobic metabolism (continued) – Other sugars
Lecture 22 – New HW assignment – Anaerobic metabolism (continued) – Other sugars

... acetyl-CoA) Fatty acids cannot be converted to glucose precursors in animals-degraded completely to acetyl-CoA Plants can convert fatty acids to glucose with the glyoxylate cycle. Glycerol can be converted to to glucose via a DHAP intermediate ...
Animal Energetics II PPT
Animal Energetics II PPT

... the mitochondrial matrix followed by oxidation by the electron transport system (ETS) in the ...
outline File
outline File

... Energy yield can fluctuate. ***Your textbook provides a modified energy yield of 32 ATP due to alternate calculations of ATP generated from electron carriers. We will discuss these alternate calculations in class*** 7.7 Regulation of Aerobic Respiration feedback inhibition 7.8 Oxidation Without Oxyg ...
Digestion & absorption of carbs & proteins
Digestion & absorption of carbs & proteins

... major nutrients hydrolase type poly, oligosaccharides glycosidase proteins, peptides protease, peptidase fats (triglycerides) esterase minor nutrients ...
Preparing the Body for Sport
Preparing the Body for Sport

... What about protein? The body uses protein from the diet for growth and repair of tissues – which is of great importance if you suffer from strain/injury during training. ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... substrate: oxaloacetate (OAA) • acetyl CoA condenses with oxaloacetate- 4 carbon compoundcitrate-6 carbon compound • cycle continues around through 8 successive step • during steps atoms of citric acid are rearranged producing different intermediates called keto acids • eventually turns into OAA ...
Science Grade (First 6 Weeks/3rd Trimester)
Science Grade (First 6 Weeks/3rd Trimester)

... into the blood while exocrine glands (like tear or lacrimal glands) secrete their fluids through ducts. Ques 4: What are prostaglandins and why are they called “local hormones?” Ans 4: Prostaglandins are fatty acid hormones that affect tissues in close proximity (locally) to where they were released ...
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
CITRIC ACID CYCLE

... symbiotic association of free-living prokaryotes within another type of cell. ...
presentation source
presentation source

... Fate of pyruvic acid in muscles • Pyruvic acid is reduced by NADH forming a molecule of lactic acid. • C3H4O3 + NADH + H+ -> C3H6O3 + NAD+ • The process is called lactic acid fermentation. • The process is energetically wasteful because so much free energy remains in the lactic acid molecule. (It c ...
Biological Pathways I
Biological Pathways I

... Then, instead of being converted to pentose and carbon dioxide, it is dehydrated yielding 2-keto-3, dehydro, 6 phosphogluconic acid. ...
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Fatty acid metabolism

Fatty acids are a family of molecules classified within the lipid macronutrient class. One role of fatty acids within animal metabolism is energy production in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. When compared to other macronutrient classes (carbohydrates and protein), fatty acids yield the most ATP on an energy per gram basis by a pathway called β-oxidation. In addition, fatty acids are important for energy storage, phospholipid membrane formation, and signaling pathways. Fatty acid metabolism consists of catabolic processes that generate energy and primary metabolites from fatty acids, and anabolic processes that create biologically important molecules from fatty acids and other dietary sources.
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