How metabolites modulate metabolic flux
... can affect several metabolic pathways simultaneously and, thus, cannot specifically increase a flux to produce a certain metabolite. For instance, high glucose levels will induce a high glycolytic flux. Since serine is derived from the glycolytic intermediate glycerate 3-phosphate, increased glycoly ...
... can affect several metabolic pathways simultaneously and, thus, cannot specifically increase a flux to produce a certain metabolite. For instance, high glucose levels will induce a high glycolytic flux. Since serine is derived from the glycolytic intermediate glycerate 3-phosphate, increased glycoly ...
Lecture_6_TCA_Cycle
... form of NADH and FADH2. The two carbon acetyl unit from acetyl CoA condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which is subsequently oxidized. The high-energy electrons are used to reduce O2 to H2O. This reduction generates a proton gradient that is used to synthesize ATP. ...
... form of NADH and FADH2. The two carbon acetyl unit from acetyl CoA condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which is subsequently oxidized. The high-energy electrons are used to reduce O2 to H2O. This reduction generates a proton gradient that is used to synthesize ATP. ...
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells
... The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a discrete unit of inheritance known as a gene. Genes consist of DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid), a type of nucleic acid. DNA is inherited from an organism’s parents. DNA provides directions for its own replication. DNA programs a cell’s ...
... The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a discrete unit of inheritance known as a gene. Genes consist of DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid), a type of nucleic acid. DNA is inherited from an organism’s parents. DNA provides directions for its own replication. DNA programs a cell’s ...
Proteins
... • Body degrades ~300g pro-/day: we take in ~65-90g Most AA’s recycled to build new proteins Some are eliminated in feces or urine ...
... • Body degrades ~300g pro-/day: we take in ~65-90g Most AA’s recycled to build new proteins Some are eliminated in feces or urine ...
Repetition Summary of last lecture Energy Cell Respiration
... pyruvate is reduced directly to NADH to form lactate as a waste product ...
... pyruvate is reduced directly to NADH to form lactate as a waste product ...
What roles do proteins (polypeptides) play? 1. Enzymes (catalysts) 2
... • Note the stereochemistry (geometry) • 19 of the 20 are chiral Steroisomers • 4 different groups bonded to Cα • These molecules cannot be superimposed (are mirror images of each other) • Therefore they are not identical, and are referred to as stereoisomers. • Using spectrographic instrumentation, ...
... • Note the stereochemistry (geometry) • 19 of the 20 are chiral Steroisomers • 4 different groups bonded to Cα • These molecules cannot be superimposed (are mirror images of each other) • Therefore they are not identical, and are referred to as stereoisomers. • Using spectrographic instrumentation, ...
6.1 Digestion and absorption
... forces the products of digesiton into contact with the wall of the intestine Therefore in the intestines the food is moved very slowly to allow time for digestion. http://www.austincc.edu/rfofi/NursingRvw/NursingPics/DigestivePics/Picture4.jpg ...
... forces the products of digesiton into contact with the wall of the intestine Therefore in the intestines the food is moved very slowly to allow time for digestion. http://www.austincc.edu/rfofi/NursingRvw/NursingPics/DigestivePics/Picture4.jpg ...
2.4 Proteins
... • A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids • Polypeptides range in length from a few monomers to more than a thousand • Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of amino ...
... • A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids • Polypeptides range in length from a few monomers to more than a thousand • Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of amino ...
Monomers are the
... sugar molecule includes a bunch of carbon atoms. Usually, a carbon atom in a sugar molecule has an H atom stuck to it and an OH stuck to it also. H + OH = H2O, so that’s why sugars are called . . . “carbohydrates.” ...
... sugar molecule includes a bunch of carbon atoms. Usually, a carbon atom in a sugar molecule has an H atom stuck to it and an OH stuck to it also. H + OH = H2O, so that’s why sugars are called . . . “carbohydrates.” ...
The Building Blocks Teacher Key
... Rice and beans combine to make a complementary protein. If toast and peanuts were combined, they would also make a complementary protein. Rice and beans are complementary proteins because they are each missing different amino acids. When combined, the missing amino acids are found in the other to ma ...
... Rice and beans combine to make a complementary protein. If toast and peanuts were combined, they would also make a complementary protein. Rice and beans are complementary proteins because they are each missing different amino acids. When combined, the missing amino acids are found in the other to ma ...
document
... acids (yellow), because they can give rise to ketone bodies or fatty acids. Amino acids that are degraded to pyruvate, a-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate are termed glucogenic amino acids. The net synthesis of glucose from these amino acids is feasible, because these citric aci ...
... acids (yellow), because they can give rise to ketone bodies or fatty acids. Amino acids that are degraded to pyruvate, a-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate are termed glucogenic amino acids. The net synthesis of glucose from these amino acids is feasible, because these citric aci ...
Chapter 5:Bioenergetics and oxidative phosphorylation Q1: why is
... Q2: is ATP the only energy-rich compound in the body? Q3: Are NADH & FADH2 Produced in the mitochondria only? Q4: why does FADH2 produce 2ATP while NADH produce 3ATP? Q5: what are the site-specific inhibitors of the electron transport chain? Q6: Explain why NADH is oxidized by FMN? Q7: How is electr ...
... Q2: is ATP the only energy-rich compound in the body? Q3: Are NADH & FADH2 Produced in the mitochondria only? Q4: why does FADH2 produce 2ATP while NADH produce 3ATP? Q5: what are the site-specific inhibitors of the electron transport chain? Q6: Explain why NADH is oxidized by FMN? Q7: How is electr ...
Bioenergetics of Exercise and Training
... • The oxidative (hydrogen removal) metabolism of blood glucose and muscle glycogen begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present in sufficient quantities the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, is not converted to lactic acid but is transported to the mitochondria, where it is taken up and enters th ...
... • The oxidative (hydrogen removal) metabolism of blood glucose and muscle glycogen begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present in sufficient quantities the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, is not converted to lactic acid but is transported to the mitochondria, where it is taken up and enters th ...
N-fluoroacetylglucosamine. This substance is known
... In this polymerization process each acceptor molecule in the sequence is the product formed by the previous transferase (Spiro, 1970; Roseman, 1968; Roden, 1970). For illustration, some well-investigated and instructive examples of the enzymic processes involved in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins ...
... In this polymerization process each acceptor molecule in the sequence is the product formed by the previous transferase (Spiro, 1970; Roseman, 1968; Roden, 1970). For illustration, some well-investigated and instructive examples of the enzymic processes involved in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins ...
cissn study guide - Science Driven Nutrition
... a. Creatine monohydrate is the most effective ergogenic nutritional supplement currently available to athletes in terms of increasing highintensity exercise capacity and lean body mass during training. b. Creatine monohydrate supplementation is not only safe, but possibly beneficial in regard to pre ...
... a. Creatine monohydrate is the most effective ergogenic nutritional supplement currently available to athletes in terms of increasing highintensity exercise capacity and lean body mass during training. b. Creatine monohydrate supplementation is not only safe, but possibly beneficial in regard to pre ...
How do they (or we) use the glucose?
... to Acetyl-coA and moves it into the mitochondria –Releases some CO2, fills up some electron carriers (2 NADH) –Has many names: prep step, grooming step, etc. ...
... to Acetyl-coA and moves it into the mitochondria –Releases some CO2, fills up some electron carriers (2 NADH) –Has many names: prep step, grooming step, etc. ...
mitochondria structure
... They carried the electron to one electron transport Pump and donate them to the pump. So NAD and FAD are “ Oxidized” because they loss the hydrogen ion to the pump. The pump then transport the hidrogens ion to space between two membranes, where they accumalate in high enough concentration fuel to th ...
... They carried the electron to one electron transport Pump and donate them to the pump. So NAD and FAD are “ Oxidized” because they loss the hydrogen ion to the pump. The pump then transport the hidrogens ion to space between two membranes, where they accumalate in high enough concentration fuel to th ...
Document
... Overall reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3NAD + E-FAD + GDP + P + 2H2O --> CoASH + 3NADH + E-FADH2 + GTP + 2CO2 ...
... Overall reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3NAD + E-FAD + GDP + P + 2H2O --> CoASH + 3NADH + E-FADH2 + GTP + 2CO2 ...
4 Krebs ETC
... • Lactic acid production in animal muscle occurs during oxygen debt • Lactic acid needs to be produced so that NAD+ can be regenerated to keep glycolysis going Net ATP produced = 2 ATP ...
... • Lactic acid production in animal muscle occurs during oxygen debt • Lactic acid needs to be produced so that NAD+ can be regenerated to keep glycolysis going Net ATP produced = 2 ATP ...
Ch. 5 Lecture CH_05_Lecture_v4
... • Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds • A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids • Polypeptides range in length from a few to more than a thousand monomers • Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of amino acids, with a carboxyl end (C-terminus) and an amino end (N-terminus) ...
... • Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds • A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids • Polypeptides range in length from a few to more than a thousand monomers • Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of amino acids, with a carboxyl end (C-terminus) and an amino end (N-terminus) ...
Supplementary Notes
... Figure 6a, lanes 5–23). One exception was Gly, which was not incorporated into GFP at all (lanes 4 and 24). Because it was confirmed that Gly was attached to the 3'-end of tRNA like the other amino acids, the complete lack of incorporation was unanticipated. We thus suspected that unknown mechanisms ...
... Figure 6a, lanes 5–23). One exception was Gly, which was not incorporated into GFP at all (lanes 4 and 24). Because it was confirmed that Gly was attached to the 3'-end of tRNA like the other amino acids, the complete lack of incorporation was unanticipated. We thus suspected that unknown mechanisms ...