Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine
... molecules of the reduced coenzyme NADH, and one molecule of the reduced coenzyme FADH2. Both of these latter molecules are recycled to their oxidized states (NAD+ and FAD, respectively) via the electron transport chain, which generates additional ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The oxidation of an ...
... molecules of the reduced coenzyme NADH, and one molecule of the reduced coenzyme FADH2. Both of these latter molecules are recycled to their oxidized states (NAD+ and FAD, respectively) via the electron transport chain, which generates additional ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The oxidation of an ...
The Influence of Ammonium Permease Activity and
... and so, indirectly, exerts an influence on the rate of ammonium uptake and pool size in the first part of the fermentation, but the mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown. The metabolism of glucose and maltose is so similar that it seems unlikely that a sugar metabolite is involved, but it is possi ...
... and so, indirectly, exerts an influence on the rate of ammonium uptake and pool size in the first part of the fermentation, but the mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown. The metabolism of glucose and maltose is so similar that it seems unlikely that a sugar metabolite is involved, but it is possi ...
digestive system
... • In parts of the tract which are subject to great wear and tear or mechanical injury this layer consists of stratified squamous epithelium with mucussecreting glands just below the surface. • In areas where the food is already soft and moist and where secretion of digestive juices and absorption oc ...
... • In parts of the tract which are subject to great wear and tear or mechanical injury this layer consists of stratified squamous epithelium with mucussecreting glands just below the surface. • In areas where the food is already soft and moist and where secretion of digestive juices and absorption oc ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... become limited due to bacteroid metabolism and therefore bacteroids have to be supplied with these amino acids by the plant host. However, metabolic changes are not only limited to the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. In fact, many metabolic processes required for the conversion of higher ...
... become limited due to bacteroid metabolism and therefore bacteroids have to be supplied with these amino acids by the plant host. However, metabolic changes are not only limited to the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. In fact, many metabolic processes required for the conversion of higher ...
lactic acid ENG.cdr
... (LDH), and involves the conversion of NADH to NAD+. When oxygen supply to cells is reduced, NAD+ production by electron transport ceases. This leads to a build-up of both pyruvate and NADH, conditions that favour the production of lactate. What are the causes of lactic acidosis? The causes of lactic ...
... (LDH), and involves the conversion of NADH to NAD+. When oxygen supply to cells is reduced, NAD+ production by electron transport ceases. This leads to a build-up of both pyruvate and NADH, conditions that favour the production of lactate. What are the causes of lactic acidosis? The causes of lactic ...
Cisplatin in vivo influence on lipid content of chromatin on rat brain
... These lipid quantity alterations in chromatin of brain cells are consequences of deep and multiform transformation of nuclear lipids metabolism caused by antitumor drug cisplatin. It was known for a long time that cell nuclei are sites for active metabolism of lipids, because lipids exchanged differ ...
... These lipid quantity alterations in chromatin of brain cells are consequences of deep and multiform transformation of nuclear lipids metabolism caused by antitumor drug cisplatin. It was known for a long time that cell nuclei are sites for active metabolism of lipids, because lipids exchanged differ ...
Modelling malic acid accumulation in fruits: relationships
... form of its conjugated base together with cations like K+ (Peterlunger et al., 1990). Therefore, the acid form has to be synthesized within the fruit itself. Malate metabolism involves several pathways, distributed between the cytosol and the mitochondria of the cells. Synthesis takes place in the c ...
... form of its conjugated base together with cations like K+ (Peterlunger et al., 1990). Therefore, the acid form has to be synthesized within the fruit itself. Malate metabolism involves several pathways, distributed between the cytosol and the mitochondria of the cells. Synthesis takes place in the c ...
Characterization of cytochrome P450
... has been taking place in recent years providing a clear picture of the intermediate steps (Teoh et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2008). It is believed that arteannuin B and artemisinin are the end products of the bifurcated pathway, competing with each other for precursors (Liu et al., 2011). Weathers et ...
... has been taking place in recent years providing a clear picture of the intermediate steps (Teoh et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2008). It is believed that arteannuin B and artemisinin are the end products of the bifurcated pathway, competing with each other for precursors (Liu et al., 2011). Weathers et ...
Reactions of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
... All four PK isozymes are homotetramers of 60 kDa subunits, and except for the M1 isozyme, require allosteric activation by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate for full activity. ...
... All four PK isozymes are homotetramers of 60 kDa subunits, and except for the M1 isozyme, require allosteric activation by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate for full activity. ...
Determination of amino acid enantiomers in human urine and blood
... In four out of six urine samples of 24 h urines, highest absolute amounts among D-AAs were determined for D-Ser, in one sample D-Ser and D-Ala were about equal, and in one sample D-Ala was about twice the amount of D-Ser. Quantities of D-Ser ranged from 64 to 199 mmol/ day, of D-Ala from 24 to 138 m ...
... In four out of six urine samples of 24 h urines, highest absolute amounts among D-AAs were determined for D-Ser, in one sample D-Ser and D-Ala were about equal, and in one sample D-Ala was about twice the amount of D-Ser. Quantities of D-Ser ranged from 64 to 199 mmol/ day, of D-Ala from 24 to 138 m ...
The malonyl-CoA insensitive fraction of muscle CPT1 is greater in
... malonyl-CoA, which corresponds with a decrease in fatty acid oxidation and an increase in longchain acyl-CoA accumulation (3). In some reports, physiological regulation of malonyl-CoA concentration appears to differ between red and white muscle (3;29), suggesting that malonylCoA-mediated control of ...
... malonyl-CoA, which corresponds with a decrease in fatty acid oxidation and an increase in longchain acyl-CoA accumulation (3). In some reports, physiological regulation of malonyl-CoA concentration appears to differ between red and white muscle (3;29), suggesting that malonylCoA-mediated control of ...
Biochemistry 304 2014 Student Edition Glycolysis Lectures
... Indicates that the cell has sufficient energy supply. This will leave glucose in the blood. Special case of liver: glucokinase (an isozyme) not inhibited by glucose-6-P. Has a 50-fold LOWER affinity for glucose. Functions to provide glucose-6-P for glycogen synthesis. Lower affinity means that hexok ...
... Indicates that the cell has sufficient energy supply. This will leave glucose in the blood. Special case of liver: glucokinase (an isozyme) not inhibited by glucose-6-P. Has a 50-fold LOWER affinity for glucose. Functions to provide glucose-6-P for glycogen synthesis. Lower affinity means that hexok ...
Heriot-Watt University The effect of sodium acetate ingestion on the
... shown to occur following sodium bicarbonate administration. It is therefore critical when examining the metabolic effect of acetate to control for the confounding effect of changes in blood pH to be able to separate out the effect(s) of acetate on fat and carbohydrate utilization from the effect of ...
... shown to occur following sodium bicarbonate administration. It is therefore critical when examining the metabolic effect of acetate to control for the confounding effect of changes in blood pH to be able to separate out the effect(s) of acetate on fat and carbohydrate utilization from the effect of ...
BiochemicalSociety A nnualSymposium No.79
... barrier between cellular compartments, thus contributing to both membrane stability and fluidity. Cholesterol in excess over requirements for complexing cell membrane lipids can move to intracellular membranes, restoring plasma membrane cholesterol levels. This ‘active’ cholesterol is the substrate ...
... barrier between cellular compartments, thus contributing to both membrane stability and fluidity. Cholesterol in excess over requirements for complexing cell membrane lipids can move to intracellular membranes, restoring plasma membrane cholesterol levels. This ‘active’ cholesterol is the substrate ...
CHINESE GREEN TEA LOWERS CHOLESTEROL LEVEL
... Animals and treatment Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of 1 lo-130 g were used. They were housed in an airconditioned room at 20°C and 6570% relative humidity with a 12-h light-dark cycle. They were given free access to Purina rat chow (Ralston Purina, USA) and tap water for 1 week before the experimen ...
... Animals and treatment Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of 1 lo-130 g were used. They were housed in an airconditioned room at 20°C and 6570% relative humidity with a 12-h light-dark cycle. They were given free access to Purina rat chow (Ralston Purina, USA) and tap water for 1 week before the experimen ...
Multiomics of tomato glandular trichomes reveals
... metabolites are involved in photosynthetic carbon fixation and in starch biosynthesis, which appear to be less active in trichomes than in leaves. Besides this, trichomes of LA1777 and LA4024 accumulated large amounts of inositol polyphosphates (IP5 and IP6) which were not detected in the leaves ...
... metabolites are involved in photosynthetic carbon fixation and in starch biosynthesis, which appear to be less active in trichomes than in leaves. Besides this, trichomes of LA1777 and LA4024 accumulated large amounts of inositol polyphosphates (IP5 and IP6) which were not detected in the leaves ...
metabolic pathways - MPG Systems Biology Forum
... functionalities. F) was considered as a superposition, and C) was not mentioned. • However, F) is an elementary mode as well, although it produces two products. It does not use the triose phosphate transporter • The systematic overview provided by elementary modes enables one to look for missing exa ...
... functionalities. F) was considered as a superposition, and C) was not mentioned. • However, F) is an elementary mode as well, although it produces two products. It does not use the triose phosphate transporter • The systematic overview provided by elementary modes enables one to look for missing exa ...
Lecture 33 - University of Arizona
... Glycogen core complexes consist of glycogenin protein and ~50,000 glucose molecules with α-1,6 branches about every 10 residues creating ~2,000 nonreducing ends. Glycogen is stored primarily in liver and skeletal muscle cells. ...
... Glycogen core complexes consist of glycogenin protein and ~50,000 glucose molecules with α-1,6 branches about every 10 residues creating ~2,000 nonreducing ends. Glycogen is stored primarily in liver and skeletal muscle cells. ...
CHAPTER
... Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Informat Somatic Sensations: I. General Organization, the Tactile and P Somatic Sensations: II. Pain, Headache, and Thermal Sensatio The Eye: I. Optics of Vision The Eye: II. Receptor and Neural Function of the Retina The Eye: III. Central Neurophy ...
... Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Informat Somatic Sensations: I. General Organization, the Tactile and P Somatic Sensations: II. Pain, Headache, and Thermal Sensatio The Eye: I. Optics of Vision The Eye: II. Receptor and Neural Function of the Retina The Eye: III. Central Neurophy ...
BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS, NUCLEOTIDES, AND
... and ATP hydrolysis bring about protein conformational changes that help overcome the high activation energy of nitrogen fixation. The binding of two ATP molecules to the reductase shifts the reduction potential (E) of this protein from 300 to 420 mV, an enhancement of its reducing power that is ...
... and ATP hydrolysis bring about protein conformational changes that help overcome the high activation energy of nitrogen fixation. The binding of two ATP molecules to the reductase shifts the reduction potential (E) of this protein from 300 to 420 mV, an enhancement of its reducing power that is ...
Article Evolution of a Genome-Encoded Bias in Amino Acid
... Mathematical models of the translational process have been created, but they are too detailed to be tractable within our larger model of regulation (Gromadski and Rodnina 2004; Elf and Ehrenberg 2005; Gilchrist and Wagner 2006; Fluitt et al. 2007; Shah and Gilchrist 2010; Brackley et al. 2011, 2012) ...
... Mathematical models of the translational process have been created, but they are too detailed to be tractable within our larger model of regulation (Gromadski and Rodnina 2004; Elf and Ehrenberg 2005; Gilchrist and Wagner 2006; Fluitt et al. 2007; Shah and Gilchrist 2010; Brackley et al. 2011, 2012) ...
Enzyme Properties
... Typically, oligo and polysaccharides have a reducing end and a nonreducing end Non-reducing end is the sugar moiety whose anomeric carbon is involved in the glycosidic bond Reducing end is sugar whose anomeric carbon is free to open up and oxidize Enzymatic lengthening and degradation of polysacchar ...
... Typically, oligo and polysaccharides have a reducing end and a nonreducing end Non-reducing end is the sugar moiety whose anomeric carbon is involved in the glycosidic bond Reducing end is sugar whose anomeric carbon is free to open up and oxidize Enzymatic lengthening and degradation of polysacchar ...
Cholesterol Synthesis
... Reactions catalyzed by different P450 enzymes include hydroxylation, epoxidation, dealkylation, peroxidation, deamination, desulfuration, dehalogenation, etc. P450 substrates include steroids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids, retinoids, & various non-polar xenobiotics (drugs & other fo ...
... Reactions catalyzed by different P450 enzymes include hydroxylation, epoxidation, dealkylation, peroxidation, deamination, desulfuration, dehalogenation, etc. P450 substrates include steroids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids, retinoids, & various non-polar xenobiotics (drugs & other fo ...