Recent Thymus Emigrant CD4+ T Cells Predict HIV Disease
... Although CD4 and viral load (VL) have long been shown to be good markers of disease control in HIV, multiple studies have proven the additive role of other markers as prognostic determinants for HIV disease progression, in particular, markers of immune activation [6]. However, there continues to be ...
... Although CD4 and viral load (VL) have long been shown to be good markers of disease control in HIV, multiple studies have proven the additive role of other markers as prognostic determinants for HIV disease progression, in particular, markers of immune activation [6]. However, there continues to be ...
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL
... (<0.03%) of leukocytes in the small intestinal LP under steadystate conditions (Fig. 1 J). Nonetheless, to rule out potential effects mediated by noneosinophil defects in ΔdblGATA-1 mice, we specifically depleted eosinophils in WT C57BL/6 mice by injecting them with Siglec-F–specific antibodies ever ...
... (<0.03%) of leukocytes in the small intestinal LP under steadystate conditions (Fig. 1 J). Nonetheless, to rule out potential effects mediated by noneosinophil defects in ΔdblGATA-1 mice, we specifically depleted eosinophils in WT C57BL/6 mice by injecting them with Siglec-F–specific antibodies ever ...
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL
... (<0.03%) of leukocytes in the small intestinal LP under steadystate conditions (Fig. 1 J). Nonetheless, to rule out potential effects mediated by noneosinophil defects in ΔdblGATA-1 mice, we specifically depleted eosinophils in WT C57BL/6 mice by injecting them with Siglec-F–specific antibodies ever ...
... (<0.03%) of leukocytes in the small intestinal LP under steadystate conditions (Fig. 1 J). Nonetheless, to rule out potential effects mediated by noneosinophil defects in ΔdblGATA-1 mice, we specifically depleted eosinophils in WT C57BL/6 mice by injecting them with Siglec-F–specific antibodies ever ...
Brucella melitensis with Immune Response upon Secondary
... response induced by vaccination and thus identify potential protective immune markers for the development of a rational strategy to select candidate vaccines. These markers cannot be deduced from studies of the primary immune response against Brucella, because, as shown in other infectious models (2 ...
... response induced by vaccination and thus identify potential protective immune markers for the development of a rational strategy to select candidate vaccines. These markers cannot be deduced from studies of the primary immune response against Brucella, because, as shown in other infectious models (2 ...
... T-cell activation requires T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement by antigen and interaction between costimulatory molecules on T-cells and their ligands on APCs [2]. Interaction between ICAM-1 and its ligand LFA-1 may be bidirectional in that both can be expressed by T-cells as well as some APCs. However ...
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... except TLR3 but also by the receptors for all members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokine family [9]. Hence, in humans, pDC, TLR7/8/9 and all the IL-1 cytokine family are largely redundant for antiviral defense, in particular with regards to induction of protective IFN-I responses [8]. In contrast, ...
... except TLR3 but also by the receptors for all members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokine family [9]. Hence, in humans, pDC, TLR7/8/9 and all the IL-1 cytokine family are largely redundant for antiviral defense, in particular with regards to induction of protective IFN-I responses [8]. In contrast, ...
Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 productively infects immature
... Fig. 1. cHV-68 infection of immature and mature DCs. (a) Immature DCs or DCs matured for 24 h with 100 ng LPS ml”1 were infected with cHV-eGFP and harvested 24 h later. Cells were stained with APC-conjugated CD11c and PE-conjugated CD86 mAbs. Cells were gated on CD11c+ (top panel) and analysed for e ...
... Fig. 1. cHV-68 infection of immature and mature DCs. (a) Immature DCs or DCs matured for 24 h with 100 ng LPS ml”1 were infected with cHV-eGFP and harvested 24 h later. Cells were stained with APC-conjugated CD11c and PE-conjugated CD86 mAbs. Cells were gated on CD11c+ (top panel) and analysed for e ...
Complement-mediated “bystander” damage initiates host NLRP3
... following their interaction with zymosan or other complement activators (data not shown) in the presence but not the absence of complement (Figure 1E). Two other complement activators were similarly analyzed. We previously reported that the protozoan parasite Leishmania major was an efficient activa ...
... following their interaction with zymosan or other complement activators (data not shown) in the presence but not the absence of complement (Figure 1E). Two other complement activators were similarly analyzed. We previously reported that the protozoan parasite Leishmania major was an efficient activa ...
Effect of Antigen/Antibody Ratio on Macrophage
... tubes were spun in a microfuge at 15,000 rpm for 10 min. The residual enzymatic activity in the supernatants was measured using ONPG as the chromogenic substrate (12) . Affinity-purified rabbit anti-GZ antibodies were eluted from a Affi-gel-complexed GZ column (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA) wi ...
... tubes were spun in a microfuge at 15,000 rpm for 10 min. The residual enzymatic activity in the supernatants was measured using ONPG as the chromogenic substrate (12) . Affinity-purified rabbit anti-GZ antibodies were eluted from a Affi-gel-complexed GZ column (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA) wi ...
Th1, Th2 and Treg associated factors in relation to allergy Camilla Janefjord
... Background: Immune responses are often divided into T helper 1 (Th1), Th2 and Treg like immunity. Allergy is associated with Th2 like responses to allergens and possibly to reduced regulatory functions. Activation via the CD2 receptor increases the production of the Th1 associated cytokine IFN-γ and ...
... Background: Immune responses are often divided into T helper 1 (Th1), Th2 and Treg like immunity. Allergy is associated with Th2 like responses to allergens and possibly to reduced regulatory functions. Activation via the CD2 receptor increases the production of the Th1 associated cytokine IFN-γ and ...
Long Term Immunological Memory to Vaccinia Virus
... The novel results of this study have increased our understanding of long term T- and B-cell memory to VV and how it relates to the primary reaction to vaccination with the Vaccinia virus. They have also provided the unique opportunity to overlay the immunological results for the two groups of extrem ...
... The novel results of this study have increased our understanding of long term T- and B-cell memory to VV and how it relates to the primary reaction to vaccination with the Vaccinia virus. They have also provided the unique opportunity to overlay the immunological results for the two groups of extrem ...
Regulatory T Cells: Mechanisms of Differentiation and Function
... A hallmark of the adaptive immune system is the generation of diverse immune receptors for the anticipated encounter with rapidly evolving pathogens. This powerful strategy for host defense brings considerable challenges, however. Because T cell receptors (TCRs) are selected by highly diverse endoge ...
... A hallmark of the adaptive immune system is the generation of diverse immune receptors for the anticipated encounter with rapidly evolving pathogens. This powerful strategy for host defense brings considerable challenges, however. Because T cell receptors (TCRs) are selected by highly diverse endoge ...
immunology core notes
... resistance to naïve recipients; such immunity is therefore not humoral.) This illustration also serves to define two distinct modes of adaptive immunity, namely ACTIVE IMMUNITY and PASSIVE IMMUNITY. Immunization of the mouse in the second line of Fig. 2-1 results in a state of "active" immunity; the ...
... resistance to naïve recipients; such immunity is therefore not humoral.) This illustration also serves to define two distinct modes of adaptive immunity, namely ACTIVE IMMUNITY and PASSIVE IMMUNITY. Immunization of the mouse in the second line of Fig. 2-1 results in a state of "active" immunity; the ...
Induction of inhibitory central nervous system-derived and
... dendritic cell subtype. Both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 were previously suggested to recruit ‘inflammatory’ monocyte-derived dendritic cells to the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We show that intra-cer ...
... dendritic cell subtype. Both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 were previously suggested to recruit ‘inflammatory’ monocyte-derived dendritic cells to the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We show that intra-cer ...
Autophagy Delivers Viral Antigens for MHC Class II Presentation
... loading compartments (MIICs) by confocal and immuno-electron microscopy, suggesting that autophagosomes frequently fuse with MIICs. Furthermore, this pathway was of functional relevance, because targeting of influenza matrix protein 1 to autophagosomes via LC3 fusion led to strongly enhanced CD4+ T ...
... loading compartments (MIICs) by confocal and immuno-electron microscopy, suggesting that autophagosomes frequently fuse with MIICs. Furthermore, this pathway was of functional relevance, because targeting of influenza matrix protein 1 to autophagosomes via LC3 fusion led to strongly enhanced CD4+ T ...
Simultaneous Detection of Circulating Autoreactive CD8 T
... -cells in the pancreas. It is becoming increasingly clear that islet epitope–specific CD8⫹ Tcells play a pivotal role in the destruction process and constitute a significant portion of insulitis (1,2). In accordance, nonobese diabetic mice lacking the expression of major histocompatibility complex ...
... -cells in the pancreas. It is becoming increasingly clear that islet epitope–specific CD8⫹ Tcells play a pivotal role in the destruction process and constitute a significant portion of insulitis (1,2). In accordance, nonobese diabetic mice lacking the expression of major histocompatibility complex ...
Nanoparticle surface charge impacts distribution, uptake and lymph
... can influence aerodynamic diameter and thus pulmonary deposition, there is minimal understanding of how these same particle properties influence interactions with lung cells and their subsequent immune responses. 1,9 Among the numerous cell types present in the lung, of particular interest to vaccin ...
... can influence aerodynamic diameter and thus pulmonary deposition, there is minimal understanding of how these same particle properties influence interactions with lung cells and their subsequent immune responses. 1,9 Among the numerous cell types present in the lung, of particular interest to vaccin ...
IL-2 regulates SEB induced toxic shock syndrome in BALB/c mice
... TSS is a superantigen-mediated disease. Superantigens are a group of proteins (S aureus toxins in the case of TSS) that are able to activate the immune system by bypassing certain steps in the usual antigen-mediated immune response sequence [1]. Superantigens are not processed within the antigen-pre ...
... TSS is a superantigen-mediated disease. Superantigens are a group of proteins (S aureus toxins in the case of TSS) that are able to activate the immune system by bypassing certain steps in the usual antigen-mediated immune response sequence [1]. Superantigens are not processed within the antigen-pre ...
Cancer immunotherapy - Italian Sarcoma Group
... regression of widespread cancer and 19 of the 20 patients have ongoing complete responses at 63 to 108 months. New techniques utilizing exome sequencing have been used to identify multiple mutated antigens recognized by TIL. Because melanomas are the only histologic type of cancer that readily gives ...
... regression of widespread cancer and 19 of the 20 patients have ongoing complete responses at 63 to 108 months. New techniques utilizing exome sequencing have been used to identify multiple mutated antigens recognized by TIL. Because melanomas are the only histologic type of cancer that readily gives ...
WRL2903.tmp
... Anti-foreign and anti-anti-self in allo-antisera Lymphocytes can be used as experimental antigens. Immunizations with foreign lymphocytes have played a central role in the development of immunogenetics. MHC molecules are important antigens on lymphocyte surfaces. When a mouse is immunized with lymph ...
... Anti-foreign and anti-anti-self in allo-antisera Lymphocytes can be used as experimental antigens. Immunizations with foreign lymphocytes have played a central role in the development of immunogenetics. MHC molecules are important antigens on lymphocyte surfaces. When a mouse is immunized with lymph ...
Effect of Boar Seminal Immunosuppressive Fraction on B
... the immune response to sperm is important for successful conception [4], but at the same time other essential immunological events are suppressed. In vitro studies have demonstrated that seminal plasma components can impair the generation of cytotoxic T cells, the response of B cells to a variety of ...
... the immune response to sperm is important for successful conception [4], but at the same time other essential immunological events are suppressed. In vitro studies have demonstrated that seminal plasma components can impair the generation of cytotoxic T cells, the response of B cells to a variety of ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.