HIV-1 Envelope gp41 Is a Potent Inhibitor of Chemoattractant
... peptide fMLP, and undefined lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factors (9). Although a number of observations have implicated gp120 in these events (9, 10), several lines of evidence showed that gp41 also may have multiple effects on the host immune system. Soluble gp41 has been shown to induce the prod ...
... peptide fMLP, and undefined lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factors (9). Although a number of observations have implicated gp120 in these events (9, 10), several lines of evidence showed that gp41 also may have multiple effects on the host immune system. Soluble gp41 has been shown to induce the prod ...
CD4+ T Cells Targeting Dominant and Cryptic Epitopes from
... Despite the preponderance of studies that focus on the importance of PA in developing vaccination strategies against anthrax infection, it has lately become clear that LF may represent a major target not only for antibody responses, but also T cell immunity in naturally exposed individuals. Our prev ...
... Despite the preponderance of studies that focus on the importance of PA in developing vaccination strategies against anthrax infection, it has lately become clear that LF may represent a major target not only for antibody responses, but also T cell immunity in naturally exposed individuals. Our prev ...
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology,
... activated in the presence of AEE or 2Ph. Neither AEE nor 2Ph altered the expression of activation markers on DCs, but the production of IL-12p40 and IL-23 was reduced. When we analyzed the allostimulatory capacity of AEE or 2Ph-treated DCs, we found that AEE or 2Ph did not affect the expression of v ...
... activated in the presence of AEE or 2Ph. Neither AEE nor 2Ph altered the expression of activation markers on DCs, but the production of IL-12p40 and IL-23 was reduced. When we analyzed the allostimulatory capacity of AEE or 2Ph-treated DCs, we found that AEE or 2Ph did not affect the expression of v ...
The Role of Intracellular Neutral Lipid Hydrolases in Immune Cell
... I would like to thank my supervisor Dagmar Kratky for her guidance, motivation and comprehensive support, for the trust in my ideas throughout my PhD project and for always having an open door. I owe my gratitude to the thesis committee members Akos Heinemann, Achim Lass and Ruth Birner-Gruenberger ...
... I would like to thank my supervisor Dagmar Kratky for her guidance, motivation and comprehensive support, for the trust in my ideas throughout my PhD project and for always having an open door. I owe my gratitude to the thesis committee members Akos Heinemann, Achim Lass and Ruth Birner-Gruenberger ...
Mast cell-orchestrated immunity to pathogens
... and tissue-resident immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) (FIG. 1e). Despite having a common lineage, granulated morphology and functions, mast cells are highly heterogeneous and phenotypically malleable cells5,6, the intricacies of which have only begun to be defined, with little known abou ...
... and tissue-resident immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) (FIG. 1e). Despite having a common lineage, granulated morphology and functions, mast cells are highly heterogeneous and phenotypically malleable cells5,6, the intricacies of which have only begun to be defined, with little known abou ...
Artificial Immune Systems - Spletna učilnica FRI 16/17
... clones itself. However, the hypermutation process ensures that exact clones are not formed; the clones express B-cell receptors that are slight variants on the parent cell’s receptor. This is a type of biological optimisation, ultimately resulting in antibodies that can bind more successfully to ext ...
... clones itself. However, the hypermutation process ensures that exact clones are not formed; the clones express B-cell receptors that are slight variants on the parent cell’s receptor. This is a type of biological optimisation, ultimately resulting in antibodies that can bind more successfully to ext ...
requirements for memory b cell and long lived plasma cell
... secondary exposure to antigens or pathogens [1]. Memory responses form the basis of vaccination and protection from re-exposure to commonly encountered pathogens. Despite this, the adaptive immune mechanisms required for memory, particularly for memory to bacterial pathogens, are not completely unde ...
... secondary exposure to antigens or pathogens [1]. Memory responses form the basis of vaccination and protection from re-exposure to commonly encountered pathogens. Despite this, the adaptive immune mechanisms required for memory, particularly for memory to bacterial pathogens, are not completely unde ...
T cells - University of East Anglia
... The large and small intestine are lined with a single layer of columnar epithelial cells that are linked via complexes of junctional proteins and desmosomes creating a sealed yet dynamic barrier[5]. Enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells are found throughout the GIT and are involved in nutrient and w ...
... The large and small intestine are lined with a single layer of columnar epithelial cells that are linked via complexes of junctional proteins and desmosomes creating a sealed yet dynamic barrier[5]. Enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells are found throughout the GIT and are involved in nutrient and w ...
A Study of the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein
... I would like to thank Paul Bates for his mentorship throughout my graduate career. Paul encouraged me to further investigate the initial observations that led to this dissertation, while allowing me the freedom to take my studies in whichever direction interested me. His enthusiasm for scientific di ...
... I would like to thank Paul Bates for his mentorship throughout my graduate career. Paul encouraged me to further investigate the initial observations that led to this dissertation, while allowing me the freedom to take my studies in whichever direction interested me. His enthusiasm for scientific di ...
nuclear hormone receptors enable macrophages and dendritic cells
... activities. The mechanisms of differentiation and subtype specification of immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells are critical to understand the regulatory principles and logic of the immune system. In addition to cytokines and pathogens, it is increasingly appreciated that lipid signa ...
... activities. The mechanisms of differentiation and subtype specification of immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells are critical to understand the regulatory principles and logic of the immune system. In addition to cytokines and pathogens, it is increasingly appreciated that lipid signa ...
Pollen-Induced Oxidative Stress Influences Both Innate and
... capture, they launch their activation/maturation program that involves the downregulation of Ag internalization and migration to the draining lymph nodes to encounter and activate naive T lymphocytes (1). In the lymph nodes, mature DCs express elevated levels of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, ...
... capture, they launch their activation/maturation program that involves the downregulation of Ag internalization and migration to the draining lymph nodes to encounter and activate naive T lymphocytes (1). In the lymph nodes, mature DCs express elevated levels of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, ...
chapter 16 the adaptive immune response
... Microbiology: A Clinical Approach Approach, © byGarland Tony Srelkauskas Science © Garland Science ...
... Microbiology: A Clinical Approach Approach, © byGarland Tony Srelkauskas Science © Garland Science ...
Killed but metabolically active microbes: a new vaccine paradigm for
... decades as a model to understand basic aspects of cellular immunology and microbial pathogenesis4–6. L. monocytogenes is a powerful inducer of innate immunity as it encounters cellular effectors, resulting in the release of T helper type 1 (TH1) polarizing cytokines6. L. monocytogenes taken up by ma ...
... decades as a model to understand basic aspects of cellular immunology and microbial pathogenesis4–6. L. monocytogenes is a powerful inducer of innate immunity as it encounters cellular effectors, resulting in the release of T helper type 1 (TH1) polarizing cytokines6. L. monocytogenes taken up by ma ...
Mapping of murine Thl and Th2 helper T
... spleen mononuclear cells (MNC) of BALB/c mice (H-2d haplotype) immunised with the fimbrial protein antigen and adjuvant GM-53 in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA). Sixtyseven sequential overlapping 10-mer peptides covering the complete 337 amino-acids (AA) protein of P . gingivalis fimbrilin were s ...
... spleen mononuclear cells (MNC) of BALB/c mice (H-2d haplotype) immunised with the fimbrial protein antigen and adjuvant GM-53 in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA). Sixtyseven sequential overlapping 10-mer peptides covering the complete 337 amino-acids (AA) protein of P . gingivalis fimbrilin were s ...
R educed atherosclerosis in interleukin
... clerotic mice to disease-prone ones, protects the latter from developing severe disease. Interestingly, relative protection can also be obtained by immunization with candidate antigens such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and heat shock protein 60. ¨ CD41 T cells Th1 differentiation is induced w ...
... clerotic mice to disease-prone ones, protects the latter from developing severe disease. Interestingly, relative protection can also be obtained by immunization with candidate antigens such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and heat shock protein 60. ¨ CD41 T cells Th1 differentiation is induced w ...
Accurate pan-specific prediction of peptide-MHC class II
... and the TCR. While the contribution of the MHC in the selection of antigens has to a high degree been described and explained, the role of the T cell receptor remains an essential missing link in our understanding of T cell immune responses. Because the peptide-binding groove of MHC class II molecul ...
... and the TCR. While the contribution of the MHC in the selection of antigens has to a high degree been described and explained, the role of the T cell receptor remains an essential missing link in our understanding of T cell immune responses. Because the peptide-binding groove of MHC class II molecul ...
An evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties
... dependant manner, where a maximum proliferation was observed at 80 µg/ml whereas lymphocyte proliferation decreased at 100 µg/ml. On the contrary potassium humate, at 40 µg/ml, significantly inhibited the supernatant concentrations of the following cytokines; TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PHA stim ...
... dependant manner, where a maximum proliferation was observed at 80 µg/ml whereas lymphocyte proliferation decreased at 100 µg/ml. On the contrary potassium humate, at 40 µg/ml, significantly inhibited the supernatant concentrations of the following cytokines; TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 by PHA stim ...
Molecular and phenotypic studies of human antigen - edoc
... pathogens like bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. This response may already lead to elimination of the pathogen but moreover yields cytokine secretion and presentation of peptides from the pathogen’s protein antigens in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by specialized phagocytes, ...
... pathogens like bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. This response may already lead to elimination of the pathogen but moreover yields cytokine secretion and presentation of peptides from the pathogen’s protein antigens in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by specialized phagocytes, ...
Immunology Review
... Greatest quantity is found attached to immunocompetent, unstimulated B lymphocytes. ...
... Greatest quantity is found attached to immunocompetent, unstimulated B lymphocytes. ...
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)
... (nuclear factor κB) and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12. In the anti-viral signalling pathway, this MyD88/IRAK1/IRAK4/TRAF6 complex activates IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor 7), leading to the production of type I IFNs [10–13]. The production of type I IFNs ...
... (nuclear factor κB) and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12. In the anti-viral signalling pathway, this MyD88/IRAK1/IRAK4/TRAF6 complex activates IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor 7), leading to the production of type I IFNs [10–13]. The production of type I IFNs ...
Interplay between the Hepatitis B Virus and Innate Immunity: From
... Whether HBV is genuinely detected by PRR upon very short exposure (i.e., contact between viral particles/incoming materials and PRR), or after the amplification of its genome and expression of its proteins during its replicative life-cycle in hepatocytes, is a matter of debate. One difficulty comes ...
... Whether HBV is genuinely detected by PRR upon very short exposure (i.e., contact between viral particles/incoming materials and PRR), or after the amplification of its genome and expression of its proteins during its replicative life-cycle in hepatocytes, is a matter of debate. One difficulty comes ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.