The Immune System
... The skin is the largest organ of the vertebrate body, accounting for 15% of an adult human’s total weight. The skin not only defends the body by providing a nearly impenetrable barrier, but also reinforces this defense with chemical weapons on the surface. Oil and sweat glands give the skin’s surfac ...
... The skin is the largest organ of the vertebrate body, accounting for 15% of an adult human’s total weight. The skin not only defends the body by providing a nearly impenetrable barrier, but also reinforces this defense with chemical weapons on the surface. Oil and sweat glands give the skin’s surfac ...
Single-cell analysis of the dynamics and functional outcomes of
... Individual NK cells lyse target cells when co-incubated in nanowells We developed a single-cell cytolysis (SCC) assay to directly measure the cytolytic behavior of thousands of individual NK cells (Fig. 1A). NK cells and K562 target cells were co-deposited onto an array of 30 µm cubic nanowells to o ...
... Individual NK cells lyse target cells when co-incubated in nanowells We developed a single-cell cytolysis (SCC) assay to directly measure the cytolytic behavior of thousands of individual NK cells (Fig. 1A). NK cells and K562 target cells were co-deposited onto an array of 30 µm cubic nanowells to o ...
Insights into Seven and Single Transmembrane
... or geranylgeranylated and binds the membranes through its carboxy helix (Lambright et al., 1996). The ␥ complex binds switch II (or the junction between switch I and II) regions of the ␣ subunit (Sprang, 1997). Upon binding of the ligands, conformational changes occur in GPCRs, allowing the separat ...
... or geranylgeranylated and binds the membranes through its carboxy helix (Lambright et al., 1996). The ␥ complex binds switch II (or the junction between switch I and II) regions of the ␣ subunit (Sprang, 1997). Upon binding of the ligands, conformational changes occur in GPCRs, allowing the separat ...
The Regulatory Role of Invariant NKT Cells in Tumor Immunity
... endogenous lipids presented in the context of the nonpolymorphic, MHC class I–like CD1d molecules (6, 7). NKT-cell development requires thymic selection, similar to that of conventional T cells, which results in the release and expansion of a population of cells with the ability for specific antigen ...
... endogenous lipids presented in the context of the nonpolymorphic, MHC class I–like CD1d molecules (6, 7). NKT-cell development requires thymic selection, similar to that of conventional T cells, which results in the release and expansion of a population of cells with the ability for specific antigen ...
Chronic Alcohol Consumption Impairs Distribution and
... regulating the cytokine profile and activation of NKT cells (6–8). Because B cells must capture Ag to activate themselves to produce Ab and present Ag to T cells, effective recirculation among lymphatic organs and tissues is crucial for these cells to fulfill their function. B cell circulation and r ...
... regulating the cytokine profile and activation of NKT cells (6–8). Because B cells must capture Ag to activate themselves to produce Ab and present Ag to T cells, effective recirculation among lymphatic organs and tissues is crucial for these cells to fulfill their function. B cell circulation and r ...
Phenotypic Markers Distinguished by Their Cytokine Profiles and T
... T cells indicate that memory T cells are stochastically selected from this primary T cell pool (34). The LCMV model system therefore provides the unique opportunity to compare activated and memory T cell populations that have the same Ag specificity and conserved CDR3 and Vb usage in a nontransgenic ...
... T cells indicate that memory T cells are stochastically selected from this primary T cell pool (34). The LCMV model system therefore provides the unique opportunity to compare activated and memory T cell populations that have the same Ag specificity and conserved CDR3 and Vb usage in a nontransgenic ...
ILAR 46(2) - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group
... macrophages and dentritic cells (DCs); innate defenses have rapid assimilation and nonspecific response of limited duration. Specific immune responses take longer to develop but are specific and longer-lasting. Adjuvants in vaccines and immunizations enhance the development of specific immune respon ...
... macrophages and dentritic cells (DCs); innate defenses have rapid assimilation and nonspecific response of limited duration. Specific immune responses take longer to develop but are specific and longer-lasting. Adjuvants in vaccines and immunizations enhance the development of specific immune respon ...
RALPH STEINMAN AND THE DISCOVERY OF DENDRITIC CELLS
... However, Cohn had spent his career studying macrophages and had shown with Barbara Ehrenreich that when antigens such as albumin were captured by macrophages, they were degraded to amino acids (Ehrenreich and Cohn, 1967). Steinman’s first assignment as a postdoctoral fellow in the Cohn laboratory wa ...
... However, Cohn had spent his career studying macrophages and had shown with Barbara Ehrenreich that when antigens such as albumin were captured by macrophages, they were degraded to amino acids (Ehrenreich and Cohn, 1967). Steinman’s first assignment as a postdoctoral fellow in the Cohn laboratory wa ...
The general features of respiratory system
... Delivery of Oxygen (in air) to the alveoli of the lungs Gaseous Exchange: Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood Oxygen Utilization: Exchange of gases between the blood and tissue (cellular respiration) Ventilation and gaseous exchange at the air blood interface are collectively kno ...
... Delivery of Oxygen (in air) to the alveoli of the lungs Gaseous Exchange: Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood Oxygen Utilization: Exchange of gases between the blood and tissue (cellular respiration) Ventilation and gaseous exchange at the air blood interface are collectively kno ...
Multiple Myeloma with Eosinophilia and Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion
... eosinophils. Eosinophils stimulate growth of plasma cells via a cytokine independent mechanism. Davind Wong and group conducted an experiment on murine bone marrow to identify the role of eosinophils and megakaryocytes to support the growth of tumor plasma cells. In the study they also identified th ...
... eosinophils. Eosinophils stimulate growth of plasma cells via a cytokine independent mechanism. Davind Wong and group conducted an experiment on murine bone marrow to identify the role of eosinophils and megakaryocytes to support the growth of tumor plasma cells. In the study they also identified th ...
CD8 Positive T Cells Influence Antigen
... and transport them to local lymphoid organs. In the lymphoid organs, APCs process and present these antigens to naive T cells. When activated, CD41 T helper cells modulate the level and the direction of immune response through the release of Th1- or Th2-type cytokines. T helper cells activate B lymp ...
... and transport them to local lymphoid organs. In the lymphoid organs, APCs process and present these antigens to naive T cells. When activated, CD41 T helper cells modulate the level and the direction of immune response through the release of Th1- or Th2-type cytokines. T helper cells activate B lymp ...
Full-Text PDF
... 3. Nanoparticle Interaction with Blood Components and Uptake by Phagocytic Cells Critical physical and chemical features of NPs regulate the interaction with the immune system. Surface electrostatic charges of engineered nanomaterials are fundamental to define immune responses [10]. Positive-charged ...
... 3. Nanoparticle Interaction with Blood Components and Uptake by Phagocytic Cells Critical physical and chemical features of NPs regulate the interaction with the immune system. Surface electrostatic charges of engineered nanomaterials are fundamental to define immune responses [10]. Positive-charged ...
Lung Host Defenses: A Status
... are the most potent stimuli of chemotactic release from macrophages, nonspecific release mechanisms occur as well, since contact adherence of macrophages to glass surfaces can also promote significant factor release. Other macrophage-derived factors such as plasminogen activator may be active, too. ...
... are the most potent stimuli of chemotactic release from macrophages, nonspecific release mechanisms occur as well, since contact adherence of macrophages to glass surfaces can also promote significant factor release. Other macrophage-derived factors such as plasminogen activator may be active, too. ...
Role and therapeutic value of dendritic cells in central
... the maturation of T cells and the generation of FoxP3 þ Tregs in the thymus. However, the depletion of DCs does not affect thymic T-cell maturation and FoxP3 þ Treg generation, suggesting that the contribution of DCs to these processes is minimal.34 Nevertheless, it is possible that DCs participate ...
... the maturation of T cells and the generation of FoxP3 þ Tregs in the thymus. However, the depletion of DCs does not affect thymic T-cell maturation and FoxP3 þ Treg generation, suggesting that the contribution of DCs to these processes is minimal.34 Nevertheless, it is possible that DCs participate ...
Lymphatic System
... swollen. Such swelling is an indication of an active immune response to infection. Histologically, tonsils do not contain a complete capsule, and the epithelial layer invaginates deeply into the interior of the tonsil to form tonsillar crypts. These structures, which accumulate all sorts of material ...
... swollen. Such swelling is an indication of an active immune response to infection. Histologically, tonsils do not contain a complete capsule, and the epithelial layer invaginates deeply into the interior of the tonsil to form tonsillar crypts. These structures, which accumulate all sorts of material ...
Myeloid Suppressor Cells Induced by Retinal Pigment
... and retinal detachment.10 It is possible that the MDSCs identified in EAU are induced, at least in part, by myeloid progenitors in the blood that enter the eye during uveitis by local retinal cells such as retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that RPE cells dire ...
... and retinal detachment.10 It is possible that the MDSCs identified in EAU are induced, at least in part, by myeloid progenitors in the blood that enter the eye during uveitis by local retinal cells such as retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that RPE cells dire ...
the effect of low-dose naltrexone (ldn) on laboratory immune
... TOTAL T-CELLS: LYMPH CELLS THAT MATURE IN THE THYMUS, CONTROL INNATE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES AND ACTIVATE RESPONSES TO MOST ANTIGENS. T-CELLS DEAL WITH VIRUSES AND PATHOGENS THAT REPLICATE INSIDE CELLS WHERE THEY CANNOT BE REACHED BY ANTIBODIES. TOTAL T-HELPER (CD4+): RECOGNIZE ANTIGENS, PROD ...
... TOTAL T-CELLS: LYMPH CELLS THAT MATURE IN THE THYMUS, CONTROL INNATE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES AND ACTIVATE RESPONSES TO MOST ANTIGENS. T-CELLS DEAL WITH VIRUSES AND PATHOGENS THAT REPLICATE INSIDE CELLS WHERE THEY CANNOT BE REACHED BY ANTIBODIES. TOTAL T-HELPER (CD4+): RECOGNIZE ANTIGENS, PROD ...
Antibody-independent B cell effector functions in
... known. It is also unknown how B cells operating as APCs impact particular CD4 þ T cell subsets, although it is clear that B cells possess all the required elements for proficient antigen presentation. The potential impact of cytokines produced by B cells B cells are capable of producing a wide variet ...
... known. It is also unknown how B cells operating as APCs impact particular CD4 þ T cell subsets, although it is clear that B cells possess all the required elements for proficient antigen presentation. The potential impact of cytokines produced by B cells B cells are capable of producing a wide variet ...
Naive B cells generate regulatory T cells in the
... of molecules were found to be characteristically located at c- and p-SMAC, respectively. The prototypic marker for c-SMAC is the TCR complex.15 A more recent study shows that f-actin is highly enriched in p-SMAC.23 Thus we chose to study the spatial distribution of f-actin and the peptide-specific T ...
... of molecules were found to be characteristically located at c- and p-SMAC, respectively. The prototypic marker for c-SMAC is the TCR complex.15 A more recent study shows that f-actin is highly enriched in p-SMAC.23 Thus we chose to study the spatial distribution of f-actin and the peptide-specific T ...
Lymphopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis (lĭm'fō-poi-ē'sĭs) (or lymphocytopoiesis) is the generation of lymphocytes, one of the five types of white blood cell (WBC). It is more formally known as lymphoid hematopoiesis.Pathosis in lymphopoiesis leads to any of various lymphoproliferative disorders, such as the lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias.