Perturbation of gut bacteria induces a coordinated cellular
... expressed at this stage.10,22,23 Although the purple sea urchin larval immune response has not been described in detail previously, several larval mesenchymal cell types exhibit morphological and genetic similarities with the well-characterized adult immune cells (coelomocytes).10 Recent studies hav ...
... expressed at this stage.10,22,23 Although the purple sea urchin larval immune response has not been described in detail previously, several larval mesenchymal cell types exhibit morphological and genetic similarities with the well-characterized adult immune cells (coelomocytes).10 Recent studies hav ...
Human IL-23-producing type 1 macrophages promote but IL
... Macrophages (M) play a central role as effector cells in immunity to intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium. Paradoxically, they also provide a habitat for intracellular bacterial survival. This paradoxical role of M remains poorly understood. Here we report that this dual role may emanate ...
... Macrophages (M) play a central role as effector cells in immunity to intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium. Paradoxically, they also provide a habitat for intracellular bacterial survival. This paradoxical role of M remains poorly understood. Here we report that this dual role may emanate ...
Effects of Mold Exposure on Immune Cells
... also trigger a ribotoxic stress response that activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which regulate apoptosis under stress (Shifrin & Anderson, 1999). With specific regard to immune responses, trichothecenes trigger inflammatory responses in leukocytes (Kankkunen et al., 2009). Certain ...
... also trigger a ribotoxic stress response that activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which regulate apoptosis under stress (Shifrin & Anderson, 1999). With specific regard to immune responses, trichothecenes trigger inflammatory responses in leukocytes (Kankkunen et al., 2009). Certain ...
Cytolytic T lymphocytes from HLA-B8 donors ’s lymphoma frequently recognize the Hodgkin
... emergence of these malignancies, however, is prevented by T cell mediated immune control. Part of this control is mediated by CD8+ T cells, which mainly target a subset of viral nuclear antigens, EBNA3A, B and C, in healthy EBV carriers. In HLA-B8 positive individuals, the dominant CTL response is b ...
... emergence of these malignancies, however, is prevented by T cell mediated immune control. Part of this control is mediated by CD8+ T cells, which mainly target a subset of viral nuclear antigens, EBNA3A, B and C, in healthy EBV carriers. In HLA-B8 positive individuals, the dominant CTL response is b ...
Lymphatic
... Lymph enters via a number of afferent lymphatic vessels It then enters a large subcapsular sinus and travels into a number of smaller sinuses ...
... Lymph enters via a number of afferent lymphatic vessels It then enters a large subcapsular sinus and travels into a number of smaller sinuses ...
1 Elevated IL-17 produced byTH17 cells promotes myeloma cell
... Both phenotypic and functional aberrations in CD4 and CD8 cells have been described2. Although recent studies show that T cells from MM patients contain defective TCR-Vβ repertoire3 and impaired viral-specific CTLs, particularly against influenza and EBV4, presence of clonal CD4 and CD8 cells has be ...
... Both phenotypic and functional aberrations in CD4 and CD8 cells have been described2. Although recent studies show that T cells from MM patients contain defective TCR-Vβ repertoire3 and impaired viral-specific CTLs, particularly against influenza and EBV4, presence of clonal CD4 and CD8 cells has be ...
Regulatory T cell phenotype and function 4 with type 1 diabetes
... GAD 65 stimulation induces a population of activated T cells in GAD-alum treated subjects. Stimulation with GAD 65 in GAD-alum treated patients induced a population of FSChiSSChi cells, consisting mainly of CD4+ memory T cells, as we have previously reported [12] . These FSChiSSChi cells are illustr ...
... GAD 65 stimulation induces a population of activated T cells in GAD-alum treated subjects. Stimulation with GAD 65 in GAD-alum treated patients induced a population of FSChiSSChi cells, consisting mainly of CD4+ memory T cells, as we have previously reported [12] . These FSChiSSChi cells are illustr ...
A Review of the Clonal Selection Theory of
... antigen provides the basis for vaccinations. This provides a generalization capability where lymphocytes can be raised on one harmless antigen and be effective other more dangerous antigens that posses the same structures. The memory cells generated during the differentiation process may live for mo ...
... antigen provides the basis for vaccinations. This provides a generalization capability where lymphocytes can be raised on one harmless antigen and be effective other more dangerous antigens that posses the same structures. The memory cells generated during the differentiation process may live for mo ...
Chapter 2 Antigen
... II. According to the dependence of T cells when Ags induce humoral immune response TD-Ag (thymus dependent Ag ) TI-Ag (thymus independent Ag) ...
... II. According to the dependence of T cells when Ags induce humoral immune response TD-Ag (thymus dependent Ag ) TI-Ag (thymus independent Ag) ...
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
... Pars Intermedia. The pars intermedia surrounds a series of small cystic cavities that represent the residual lumen of Rathke’s pouch fig.(2). The parenchymal cells of the pars intermedia surround colloid-filled follicles. The cells lining these follicles appear to be derived either from folliculo-st ...
... Pars Intermedia. The pars intermedia surrounds a series of small cystic cavities that represent the residual lumen of Rathke’s pouch fig.(2). The parenchymal cells of the pars intermedia surround colloid-filled follicles. The cells lining these follicles appear to be derived either from folliculo-st ...
Human T Cell Memory: A Dynamic View
... The introduction of vaccines has had a revolutionary effect on human health and life expectancy over the last 50 years. Despite these huge advances, many basic immunological questions about how long-term immunological memory is maintained remain unanswered. While many successful vaccines act primari ...
... The introduction of vaccines has had a revolutionary effect on human health and life expectancy over the last 50 years. Despite these huge advances, many basic immunological questions about how long-term immunological memory is maintained remain unanswered. While many successful vaccines act primari ...
Dose-Dependent Modulation of the In Vitro
... TH1 cells is considered to be a critical component of the immune system. Hitherto, many reports have addressed the effects of lead on the TH1–TH2 cell balance, but again some showed contradictory results. The seminal work in this area is that of McCabe and Lawrence (1991) who found, through the empl ...
... TH1 cells is considered to be a critical component of the immune system. Hitherto, many reports have addressed the effects of lead on the TH1–TH2 cell balance, but again some showed contradictory results. The seminal work in this area is that of McCabe and Lawrence (1991) who found, through the empl ...
Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune
... IEC-intrinsic recognition of commensal microbial signals29. Interactions between AMPs, including REGIIIγ, and mucins lead to concentrated antimicrobial activity at the epithelial surface30. Thus, the combined functions of secretory IECs seem to limit the quantity and diversity of live bacteria that ...
... IEC-intrinsic recognition of commensal microbial signals29. Interactions between AMPs, including REGIIIγ, and mucins lead to concentrated antimicrobial activity at the epithelial surface30. Thus, the combined functions of secretory IECs seem to limit the quantity and diversity of live bacteria that ...
Detection of surface immunoreactions on individual cells by
... RBCs by the ELISA method The method of attaching antibodies to the surface of RBCs and the method of measuring the amount of antibodies attached to the RBCs are summarized in this section. We prepared a PBS solution of pH 6.9, in which sheep’s RBCs (Nippon Bio-Supp. Centre, Japan) were dispersed. Th ...
... RBCs by the ELISA method The method of attaching antibodies to the surface of RBCs and the method of measuring the amount of antibodies attached to the RBCs are summarized in this section. We prepared a PBS solution of pH 6.9, in which sheep’s RBCs (Nippon Bio-Supp. Centre, Japan) were dispersed. Th ...
Different expression of CD41 on human lymphoid
... CD34⫹ cells from cord blood or leukapheresis were cultured in the presence of SCF plus PEG-rHuMGDF. As previously demonstrated,37,38 a high percentage of CD41⫹ cells were present after 6 days of culture with a wide diversity in its expression. Triple staining with anti-CD34, anti-CD41, and anti-CD42 ...
... CD34⫹ cells from cord blood or leukapheresis were cultured in the presence of SCF plus PEG-rHuMGDF. As previously demonstrated,37,38 a high percentage of CD41⫹ cells were present after 6 days of culture with a wide diversity in its expression. Triple staining with anti-CD34, anti-CD41, and anti-CD42 ...
... inflammatory cells. In most cases, uveitis is derived from the adaptive immune response. More specifically, CD4+ T lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of uveitis by recognizing uveitogenic antigen and orchestrating the immune response. While it is known that OX40 costimulatory mol ...
Sphingolipids and the Balancing of Immune Cell Function: Lessons
... Sph-induced activation of PLD and diacylglycerol kinase and inhibition of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase, which altogether results in the formation of phosphatidic acid over diacylglycerol, both known to be lipid messengers involved in several signaling pathways (1). However, Sph exerts an overa ...
... Sph-induced activation of PLD and diacylglycerol kinase and inhibition of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase, which altogether results in the formation of phosphatidic acid over diacylglycerol, both known to be lipid messengers involved in several signaling pathways (1). However, Sph exerts an overa ...
Trade-offs in antibody repertoires to complex antigens
... apoptose [16]. The GC reaction often terminates after a few dozen rounds of somatic hypermutation but may last for several weeks [18]. At the end of the GC reaction, average B-cell affinities have increased by several orders of magnitude [19]. This Darwinian process is known as affinity maturation. ...
... apoptose [16]. The GC reaction often terminates after a few dozen rounds of somatic hypermutation but may last for several weeks [18]. At the end of the GC reaction, average B-cell affinities have increased by several orders of magnitude [19]. This Darwinian process is known as affinity maturation. ...
B7x/B7-H4 modulates the adaptive immune response and
... deposition of antibodies as well as infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages, which are responsible for initiation and/or exacerbation of inflammation and tissue injury. Current treatment options have relatively limited efficacy; therefore, novel targets need to be explored. The co-inhibitory m ...
... deposition of antibodies as well as infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages, which are responsible for initiation and/or exacerbation of inflammation and tissue injury. Current treatment options have relatively limited efficacy; therefore, novel targets need to be explored. The co-inhibitory m ...
A Three-Dimensional Atlas of Human Dermal Leukocytes
... Figure 2. Flow cytometry, cytology, and in situ identification of dermal leukocytes. (a) Dermal leukocytes by flow cytometry as % of CD45 þ cells. Representative results from 43 experiments from 43 donors. (b) Cytology of dermal leukocytes. (c) CD11c (green; dendritic cell (DC)), CD3 (red; T cells), ...
... Figure 2. Flow cytometry, cytology, and in situ identification of dermal leukocytes. (a) Dermal leukocytes by flow cytometry as % of CD45 þ cells. Representative results from 43 experiments from 43 donors. (b) Cytology of dermal leukocytes. (c) CD11c (green; dendritic cell (DC)), CD3 (red; T cells), ...
Type 1 regulatory T cells: a new mechanism of peripheral
... most tTreg and pTreg cells contain Treg-specific de-methylated regions (TSDR), which are critical to stable expression of Foxp3 and the development and functions of most tTreg/ pTreg cells.45,46–48 However, the transcription factor of Tr1 cell has not been determined. Finally, patients with systemic ...
... most tTreg and pTreg cells contain Treg-specific de-methylated regions (TSDR), which are critical to stable expression of Foxp3 and the development and functions of most tTreg/ pTreg cells.45,46–48 However, the transcription factor of Tr1 cell has not been determined. Finally, patients with systemic ...
Lymphopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis (lĭm'fō-poi-ē'sĭs) (or lymphocytopoiesis) is the generation of lymphocytes, one of the five types of white blood cell (WBC). It is more formally known as lymphoid hematopoiesis.Pathosis in lymphopoiesis leads to any of various lymphoproliferative disorders, such as the lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias.