Development of CD8+ T cells expressing two distinct receptors
... in both MTB and HIV-1 [7–13]. In addition, HIV-1 can also escape immune surveillance by introducing escape mutations within CTLspecific epitopes [14–16]. Furthermore, these pathogens elevate each other’s virulence in co-infected individuals resulting in accelerated deterioration of immunological fun ...
... in both MTB and HIV-1 [7–13]. In addition, HIV-1 can also escape immune surveillance by introducing escape mutations within CTLspecific epitopes [14–16]. Furthermore, these pathogens elevate each other’s virulence in co-infected individuals resulting in accelerated deterioration of immunological fun ...
Trogocytosis-associated cell to cell spread of intracellular bacterial
... The exchange of plasma membrane proteins between eukaryotic cells occurs through a mechanism termed trogocytosis (trogo = Greek for nibble) (Joly and Hudrisier, 2003). For trogocytosis to occur two cells form a transient intimate interaction during which the membranes appear to fuse. The cells event ...
... The exchange of plasma membrane proteins between eukaryotic cells occurs through a mechanism termed trogocytosis (trogo = Greek for nibble) (Joly and Hudrisier, 2003). For trogocytosis to occur two cells form a transient intimate interaction during which the membranes appear to fuse. The cells event ...
Chapter 16 Lecture Outline
... Properties and Types of Sensory Receptors • Sensory receptor—a structure specialized to detect a stimulus – Some receptors are bare nerve endings – Others are true sense organs: nerve tissue surrounded by other tissues that enhance response to a certain type of stimulus • Accessory tissues may incl ...
... Properties and Types of Sensory Receptors • Sensory receptor—a structure specialized to detect a stimulus – Some receptors are bare nerve endings – Others are true sense organs: nerve tissue surrounded by other tissues that enhance response to a certain type of stimulus • Accessory tissues may incl ...
Cancer Immunotherapy: Whence and Whither
... insights provided by classical experiments performed more than half a century ago. The concept that the body can differentiate between self and non-self and that foreign tissue when introduced into a recipient during early development can be "tolerated" originated with Sir Macfarlane Burnet (1). It ...
... insights provided by classical experiments performed more than half a century ago. The concept that the body can differentiate between self and non-self and that foreign tissue when introduced into a recipient during early development can be "tolerated" originated with Sir Macfarlane Burnet (1). It ...
Antitumor Immunity and Dietary Compounds
... (NK) cell. Unlike CD8 T cells, NK cells are members of the innate immune system and lack the antigen specificity that is unique to adaptive immune cell types. They however, exhibit similar cytotoxic activity to CD8 T cells when stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, IL-15 and IL-1 ...
... (NK) cell. Unlike CD8 T cells, NK cells are members of the innate immune system and lack the antigen specificity that is unique to adaptive immune cell types. They however, exhibit similar cytotoxic activity to CD8 T cells when stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, IL-15 and IL-1 ...
The Antinociceptive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Modulates Spleen
... cytotoxic activity, proliferative ability of T lymphocytes, and cytokine changes were assessed. Methods: After evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine in C57BL mice that were subjected to formalin-induced pain, dexmedetomidine (30 µg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally (ip) ...
... cytotoxic activity, proliferative ability of T lymphocytes, and cytokine changes were assessed. Methods: After evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine in C57BL mice that were subjected to formalin-induced pain, dexmedetomidine (30 µg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally (ip) ...
past, present and future - British Society for Immunology
... Biggest biomedical challenge of our generation Even at the time, immunologists who heard Heckler’s infamous prediction about how long it would take to develop an HIV vaccine knew it to be wildly optimistic. More than three decades on, much more is known about the myriad of devious ways through which ...
... Biggest biomedical challenge of our generation Even at the time, immunologists who heard Heckler’s infamous prediction about how long it would take to develop an HIV vaccine knew it to be wildly optimistic. More than three decades on, much more is known about the myriad of devious ways through which ...
Diefenbach, A., E.R. Jensen, A.M. Jamieson, and D.H. Raulet. 2001. Rae1 and H60 ligands of the NKG2D receptor stimulate tumour immunity. Nature 413:165-171.
... Natural killer (NK) cells attack many tumour cell lines, and are thought to have a critical role in anti-tumour immunity1±7; however, the interaction between NK cells and tumour targets is poorly understood. The stimulatory lectin-like NKG2D receptor8±13 is expressed by NK cells, activated CD8+ T ce ...
... Natural killer (NK) cells attack many tumour cell lines, and are thought to have a critical role in anti-tumour immunity1±7; however, the interaction between NK cells and tumour targets is poorly understood. The stimulatory lectin-like NKG2D receptor8±13 is expressed by NK cells, activated CD8+ T ce ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology,
... mediate homeostasis and eliminate damaged and/or altered cells. Physical barriers such as skin and mucosa act in concert with antibacterial molecules and specialized cells to preserve immunity of the host. Immune cells are present throughout the body in the circulating blood and lymphatic tissues an ...
... mediate homeostasis and eliminate damaged and/or altered cells. Physical barriers such as skin and mucosa act in concert with antibacterial molecules and specialized cells to preserve immunity of the host. Immune cells are present throughout the body in the circulating blood and lymphatic tissues an ...
WK11-RevApopt.
... -life cycle pause between EB and RB stages -stable association with host cell ...
... -life cycle pause between EB and RB stages -stable association with host cell ...
Review Article Distinct Functions of Specialized
... and T-cell content [23]. A number of studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of activated T cells within atherosclerotic lesions, for example, triggered in response to MIF, was associated with an enhanced atherosclerotic plaque growth [30, 31]. CCL17 and CCL22 were previously shown to activa ...
... and T-cell content [23]. A number of studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of activated T cells within atherosclerotic lesions, for example, triggered in response to MIF, was associated with an enhanced atherosclerotic plaque growth [30, 31]. CCL17 and CCL22 were previously shown to activa ...
NIH Public Access
... Finally, MTAs exert substantial immunomodulatory effects that contribute to tumor rejection. For example, in a murine melanoma model, paclitaxel at ultra-low concentrations (i.e. those that do not suppress hematopoiesis) disrupts myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment to tumors, impairs the act ...
... Finally, MTAs exert substantial immunomodulatory effects that contribute to tumor rejection. For example, in a murine melanoma model, paclitaxel at ultra-low concentrations (i.e. those that do not suppress hematopoiesis) disrupts myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment to tumors, impairs the act ...
Thymus Gland:
... chest. It is present in all mammals, and is called the sweetbread in calves. Until the 1950s little was understood about the thymus, although there had been clues to its function for many years. As far back as 1902, Foulerton, a London physician, was using thymus extract in the treatment of cancer. ...
... chest. It is present in all mammals, and is called the sweetbread in calves. Until the 1950s little was understood about the thymus, although there had been clues to its function for many years. As far back as 1902, Foulerton, a London physician, was using thymus extract in the treatment of cancer. ...
Interleukin-7 mediates the homeostasis of naïve and memory CD8 T
... of MHC class I molecules and low-affinity peptides13–15. It is believed that the interactions that drive naïve T cell proliferation are similar to those that drive positive selection in the thymus. Although interactions with MHC class I molecules and peptide appear to be important for naïve T cell m ...
... of MHC class I molecules and low-affinity peptides13–15. It is believed that the interactions that drive naïve T cell proliferation are similar to those that drive positive selection in the thymus. Although interactions with MHC class I molecules and peptide appear to be important for naïve T cell m ...
Autoimmunity, T-cells and STAT-4 in the pathogenesis of chronic EDITORIAL M.G. Cosio
... the key cellular links between innate and adaptive immunity. They play a pivotal role as sensors of infection or, in this case, injury for the initiation of an adaptive immune response involving T-cells. Here again, the innate immune response (neutrophils and macrophages among other cells) will be d ...
... the key cellular links between innate and adaptive immunity. They play a pivotal role as sensors of infection or, in this case, injury for the initiation of an adaptive immune response involving T-cells. Here again, the innate immune response (neutrophils and macrophages among other cells) will be d ...
prevention transplantation coadministered with regulatory T cells for
... observed (although reduced) compared with euthymic mice. These results imply that even in the absence of a functional thymus, the reconstituted immune system can still be functional. However, the impact of Treg on immune reconstitution derived only from postthymic donor T cells was not specifically ...
... observed (although reduced) compared with euthymic mice. These results imply that even in the absence of a functional thymus, the reconstituted immune system can still be functional. However, the impact of Treg on immune reconstitution derived only from postthymic donor T cells was not specifically ...
43defenses1
... to the displayed complex via its TCR with the aid of CD4. This interaction promotes secretion of cytokines by the dendritic cell. Cytotoxic T cell Dendritic cell Bacterium ...
... to the displayed complex via its TCR with the aid of CD4. This interaction promotes secretion of cytokines by the dendritic cell. Cytotoxic T cell Dendritic cell Bacterium ...
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells move down on the list of suspects: In
... their lack of Claudin-1 expression and the absence of miR-122 along with in vitro experimentation, we do not favor a role for direct infection.] During the maturation process, DCs may migrate to liver-draining lymph nodes and acquire a mature phenotype. They will also process antigen-derived peptide ...
... their lack of Claudin-1 expression and the absence of miR-122 along with in vitro experimentation, we do not favor a role for direct infection.] During the maturation process, DCs may migrate to liver-draining lymph nodes and acquire a mature phenotype. They will also process antigen-derived peptide ...
Resolution
... • Macrophages are professional antigen presenting cells (APC). • APC capture, process, transport, present and retain antigen • Phagocytosed antigen is digested within the endocytic processing pathway into peptides that associate with class II MHC molecules and the complexes move to the macrophage me ...
... • Macrophages are professional antigen presenting cells (APC). • APC capture, process, transport, present and retain antigen • Phagocytosed antigen is digested within the endocytic processing pathway into peptides that associate with class II MHC molecules and the complexes move to the macrophage me ...
Length of the Circulating T Cell Pool Cytomegalovirus Infection
... containing long repeats of TTAGGG sequences that protect chromosomes from inappropriate DNA repair and recombination. Because the 39 end of linear DNA cannot be duplicated by DNA polymerase, telomeres shorten after each cell division. Therefore, decreasing telomere length can be regarded as a biolog ...
... containing long repeats of TTAGGG sequences that protect chromosomes from inappropriate DNA repair and recombination. Because the 39 end of linear DNA cannot be duplicated by DNA polymerase, telomeres shorten after each cell division. Therefore, decreasing telomere length can be regarded as a biolog ...
diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis with atypical aspects - Arca
... lysed amastigotes indicated a cell-mediated immune response, although it was unable to control the disease.'^ One aspect never before observed in human DCL was the high number of eosinophils, being the predominant cell type in the ulcer and many of them exhibiting degranulation. The association of l ...
... lysed amastigotes indicated a cell-mediated immune response, although it was unable to control the disease.'^ One aspect never before observed in human DCL was the high number of eosinophils, being the predominant cell type in the ulcer and many of them exhibiting degranulation. The association of l ...
Pulparesponser
... increased body temperature which expresses itself as fever. IL-1 is therefore called an endogenous pyrogen. The increased body temperature helps the body's immune system to fight infection. IL-1 is also important in the regulation of hematopoiesis. IL-1β production in peripheral tissue has also been ...
... increased body temperature which expresses itself as fever. IL-1 is therefore called an endogenous pyrogen. The increased body temperature helps the body's immune system to fight infection. IL-1 is also important in the regulation of hematopoiesis. IL-1β production in peripheral tissue has also been ...
File
... ANS: The skin prevents a pathogen from entering the body. In addition, oils and sweat produced by glands in the skin create an environment unfavorable to pathogens. Sweat also contains enzymes that destroy some bacteria. Mucous membranes line internal body surfaces that are exposed to the environmen ...
... ANS: The skin prevents a pathogen from entering the body. In addition, oils and sweat produced by glands in the skin create an environment unfavorable to pathogens. Sweat also contains enzymes that destroy some bacteria. Mucous membranes line internal body surfaces that are exposed to the environmen ...
Perturbation of gut bacteria induces a coordinated cellular
... expressed at this stage.10,22,23 Although the purple sea urchin larval immune response has not been described in detail previously, several larval mesenchymal cell types exhibit morphological and genetic similarities with the well-characterized adult immune cells (coelomocytes).10 Recent studies hav ...
... expressed at this stage.10,22,23 Although the purple sea urchin larval immune response has not been described in detail previously, several larval mesenchymal cell types exhibit morphological and genetic similarities with the well-characterized adult immune cells (coelomocytes).10 Recent studies hav ...
Lymphopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis (lĭm'fō-poi-ē'sĭs) (or lymphocytopoiesis) is the generation of lymphocytes, one of the five types of white blood cell (WBC). It is more formally known as lymphoid hematopoiesis.Pathosis in lymphopoiesis leads to any of various lymphoproliferative disorders, such as the lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias.