Molecular signatures of T-cell inhibition in HIV-1 infection REVI E W Open Access
... [12]. The T cells play a key role in cell-mediated immune responses, and their activation is multifaceted and requires distinct signals. The first signal occurs when the TCR recognizes the antigenic peptide bound to MHC molecules on APCs. The second signal, the costimulatory signal, can either be po ...
... [12]. The T cells play a key role in cell-mediated immune responses, and their activation is multifaceted and requires distinct signals. The first signal occurs when the TCR recognizes the antigenic peptide bound to MHC molecules on APCs. The second signal, the costimulatory signal, can either be po ...
Title Natural killer cells become tolerogenic after
... further identified phosphatidylserine (PS) as a potential targets on ACs for the NK cells, since PS could stimulate NK cells to release TGF-β1, which in turn suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation. Moreover, AC-treated NK cells displayed cytotoxicity against autologous activated CD4+ T ...
... further identified phosphatidylserine (PS) as a potential targets on ACs for the NK cells, since PS could stimulate NK cells to release TGF-β1, which in turn suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation. Moreover, AC-treated NK cells displayed cytotoxicity against autologous activated CD4+ T ...
pluripotent stem cell‐derived hematopoiesis
... committed progenitors, both MEPs and GMPs are able to form all differentiated cells of the myeloid lineage in the bone marrow, whereas CLPs further differentiate into pro-T cells and T cells by positive–negative selection in the thymus. Generation of B cells is ensured also by CLPs in the bone marro ...
... committed progenitors, both MEPs and GMPs are able to form all differentiated cells of the myeloid lineage in the bone marrow, whereas CLPs further differentiate into pro-T cells and T cells by positive–negative selection in the thymus. Generation of B cells is ensured also by CLPs in the bone marro ...
Comparison of Various Envelope Proteins for Their Ability to
... 5 LTR is chimeric in that the U3 region of the HIV-1 LTR is replaced with the CMV enhancer. A deletion in the U3 region of the 3 LTR renders it self-inactivating; in addition, a portion of the R region and the U5 region have been removed and replaced with the rabbit -globin gene polyadenylation s ...
... 5 LTR is chimeric in that the U3 region of the HIV-1 LTR is replaced with the CMV enhancer. A deletion in the U3 region of the 3 LTR renders it self-inactivating; in addition, a portion of the R region and the U5 region have been removed and replaced with the rabbit -globin gene polyadenylation s ...
Immunization of Specific Antibodies following Mucosal T Cells and
... the role of cDCs in CD4⫹ T cell activation is not clear. For example, although depletion of CD11chigh cells significantly reduces the expansion of adoptively transferred vesicular stomatatis virus (VSV)specific CD4⫹ T cells following i.v. infection (17), it does not affect the VSV-driven generation ...
... the role of cDCs in CD4⫹ T cell activation is not clear. For example, although depletion of CD11chigh cells significantly reduces the expansion of adoptively transferred vesicular stomatatis virus (VSV)specific CD4⫹ T cells following i.v. infection (17), it does not affect the VSV-driven generation ...
Regulated MIP-3/CCL20 production by human intestinal epithelium
... genes of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-B (13, 19, 20, 32). In this regard, NF-B can be viewed as a central regulator of the intestinal epithelial cell response to a set of signals, activated by proinflammatory stimuli and bacterial infection, that are thought to be important for the ...
... genes of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-B (13, 19, 20, 32). In this regard, NF-B can be viewed as a central regulator of the intestinal epithelial cell response to a set of signals, activated by proinflammatory stimuli and bacterial infection, that are thought to be important for the ...
Cell Dynamics in the Wound Healing Process in Tumor Environment
... In addition, in one experiment, human ovarian cancer cells were added to bone marrow cells recovered from irradiated mice with 1000 cGy. The irradiated bone marrow cells significantly increases proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells compared to non-irradiated ones [11]. Furthermore, micro-metas ...
... In addition, in one experiment, human ovarian cancer cells were added to bone marrow cells recovered from irradiated mice with 1000 cGy. The irradiated bone marrow cells significantly increases proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells compared to non-irradiated ones [11]. Furthermore, micro-metas ...
Transcripts
... 2. Why do we need to know about the mucosal immune system? As I just indicated, the mucosa is essentially the most important area of contact in the body for any type of foreign antigen. This includes any type of bacterial or viral challenge; it also includes any kind of contact with food products. A ...
... 2. Why do we need to know about the mucosal immune system? As I just indicated, the mucosa is essentially the most important area of contact in the body for any type of foreign antigen. This includes any type of bacterial or viral challenge; it also includes any kind of contact with food products. A ...
Blockade of ASC but not NLRP3 Inhibits DC Proliferation and T cell
... activation of allogeneic T cells. We also found that the absence of ASC had a significant impact on chemokine-induced DC migration. NLRP3 deficient DCs exhibited no difference in their migratory ability from WT DCs. Thus we identified that ASC has an NLRP3inflammasome independent function in DCs, an ...
... activation of allogeneic T cells. We also found that the absence of ASC had a significant impact on chemokine-induced DC migration. NLRP3 deficient DCs exhibited no difference in their migratory ability from WT DCs. Thus we identified that ASC has an NLRP3inflammasome independent function in DCs, an ...
Cytokinetically quiescent (G0/G1) human multiple
... Figure 1. The MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 blocks ERK1/2 activation induced by the novel Chk1 inhibitor AZD7762 in human MM cells, leading to synergistic induction of apoptosis and diminished clonogenicity. (A) H929 cells were pretreated (24 hours) with the indicated concentrations of the MEK1/2 inhibit ...
... Figure 1. The MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 blocks ERK1/2 activation induced by the novel Chk1 inhibitor AZD7762 in human MM cells, leading to synergistic induction of apoptosis and diminished clonogenicity. (A) H929 cells were pretreated (24 hours) with the indicated concentrations of the MEK1/2 inhibit ...
BIOL 105 QZ 6 QA NS SS ES LS 130510.3
... The function of the nasal conchae is to A) divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side. B) provide an opening into the pharynx. C) provide a surface for the sense of smell. D) create turbulence in the air to trap small particulates in mucus. E) provide an opening to the outside of the body. ...
... The function of the nasal conchae is to A) divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side. B) provide an opening into the pharynx. C) provide a surface for the sense of smell. D) create turbulence in the air to trap small particulates in mucus. E) provide an opening to the outside of the body. ...
N E W S L E T T E R - Australasian Society for Immunology
... for GAS, J8-DT. In my experience traveling around Australia and discussing research I have met so many people with great ideas but who lack the funding to test and develop them. It is a great shame that there are not more funds available for this. Australia is not doing itself any favours by not sig ...
... for GAS, J8-DT. In my experience traveling around Australia and discussing research I have met so many people with great ideas but who lack the funding to test and develop them. It is a great shame that there are not more funds available for this. Australia is not doing itself any favours by not sig ...
The human liver contains multiple populations of NK cells, T cells
... ecules (5–7). A feature of these cells is that they frequently express a highly restricted TCR repertoire consisting of an invariant Va14Ja281 a-chain in association with a limited number of Vbchains (8), which, unlike conventional MHC-restricted T cells, are positively selected by and recognize non ...
... ecules (5–7). A feature of these cells is that they frequently express a highly restricted TCR repertoire consisting of an invariant Va14Ja281 a-chain in association with a limited number of Vbchains (8), which, unlike conventional MHC-restricted T cells, are positively selected by and recognize non ...
Immunology at a Glance. 10th Edition. At a Glance Brochure
... Immunology at a Glance provides a user–friendly overview of the body s defence mechanisms. Ideal from day one of a medical, biomedical or life science course, the text begins with a basic overview of both adaptive and innate immunity, before progressing to applied immunological concepts, which look ...
... Immunology at a Glance provides a user–friendly overview of the body s defence mechanisms. Ideal from day one of a medical, biomedical or life science course, the text begins with a basic overview of both adaptive and innate immunity, before progressing to applied immunological concepts, which look ...
Chapter_24_HB_Immune
... – Each type of antibody is unique to the B cell that makes them Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... – Each type of antibody is unique to the B cell that makes them Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Bone marrow stem cell transplantation for cardiac repair - AJP
... different tissue cells are being extensively investigated (6, 37, 46, 53, 133, 135). A series of recent experiments have challenged the long-standing dogma of lineage restriction. The multipotential nature of bone marrow stem cells to transdifferentiate into various lineages has been shown in vitro ...
... different tissue cells are being extensively investigated (6, 37, 46, 53, 133, 135). A series of recent experiments have challenged the long-standing dogma of lineage restriction. The multipotential nature of bone marrow stem cells to transdifferentiate into various lineages has been shown in vitro ...
Protozoan Parasite Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors from a
... oxygen and nitrogen intermediates (9). Animals that have not yet developed adaptive immune responses to pathogens depend upon these processes for survival. Similar cytokine circuits and effector mechanisms appear to be involved in resistance to early infection by various protozoan parasites (8, 10), ...
... oxygen and nitrogen intermediates (9). Animals that have not yet developed adaptive immune responses to pathogens depend upon these processes for survival. Similar cytokine circuits and effector mechanisms appear to be involved in resistance to early infection by various protozoan parasites (8, 10), ...
A c a d
... cytokines such as interleukins-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-alfa (TNF- α) and acute phase proteins. Typical symptoms are sudden inflammation in the affected area and mild stiffness in joints. The symptoms can lead in others to deformations in the feet and hands as a resul ...
... cytokines such as interleukins-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-alfa (TNF- α) and acute phase proteins. Typical symptoms are sudden inflammation in the affected area and mild stiffness in joints. The symptoms can lead in others to deformations in the feet and hands as a resul ...
Exploring the reciprocal relationship between
... antigen receptors. Because this repertoire is generated during thymic maturation and maintained in the periphery through recognition of complexes of self peptide and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, all peripheral T cells have the potential for autoreactivity. Whilst thymic maturati ...
... antigen receptors. Because this repertoire is generated during thymic maturation and maintained in the periphery through recognition of complexes of self peptide and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, all peripheral T cells have the potential for autoreactivity. Whilst thymic maturati ...
Simian immunodeficiency virus infection and immune responses in
... bacterial and viral infections have been studied. Innate immune responses in LPS-treated rats were considerably attenuated in the testis, with hallmark inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and TNF responding poorly to LPS stimulation [25]. These studies are supported by in vitro experiments showing that test ...
... bacterial and viral infections have been studied. Innate immune responses in LPS-treated rats were considerably attenuated in the testis, with hallmark inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and TNF responding poorly to LPS stimulation [25]. These studies are supported by in vitro experiments showing that test ...
Immunity
... B. Phagocyte moves up the concentration gradient towards the intruder C. The phagocyte adheres to the foreign cell and engulfs it in a vacuole by an infolding of the cell membrane. D. Lysosomes (organelles which are rich in digestive enzymes & found in the phagocytes cytoplasm) fuse with the vacuole ...
... B. Phagocyte moves up the concentration gradient towards the intruder C. The phagocyte adheres to the foreign cell and engulfs it in a vacuole by an infolding of the cell membrane. D. Lysosomes (organelles which are rich in digestive enzymes & found in the phagocytes cytoplasm) fuse with the vacuole ...
The role of the cell wall in fungal pathogenesis
... While the biology (life cycle, metabolism and morphogenesis) of all these fungal species greatly differ, they also share certain common features that enable a successful colonization of the human host and are able to counteract its defence mechanisms. Such features are frequently called virulence fa ...
... While the biology (life cycle, metabolism and morphogenesis) of all these fungal species greatly differ, they also share certain common features that enable a successful colonization of the human host and are able to counteract its defence mechanisms. Such features are frequently called virulence fa ...
The Cell Biology of Multi-nucleated Giant Cell Formation
... multicellular response. By definition, a giant cell is a mass formed by the union of several distinct cells (usually macrophages) which undergo a defined set of intercellular interactions that ultimately result in a multinucleated cell with a single cytoplasmic ...
... multicellular response. By definition, a giant cell is a mass formed by the union of several distinct cells (usually macrophages) which undergo a defined set of intercellular interactions that ultimately result in a multinucleated cell with a single cytoplasmic ...
Lymphopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis (lĭm'fō-poi-ē'sĭs) (or lymphocytopoiesis) is the generation of lymphocytes, one of the five types of white blood cell (WBC). It is more formally known as lymphoid hematopoiesis.Pathosis in lymphopoiesis leads to any of various lymphoproliferative disorders, such as the lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias.