Figure 2 - Essays in Biochemistry
... found in the blood, in tissue fluids or bound to the cell surface. The antibody receptor, also called an immunoglobulin (Ig), was the first antigen-specific receptor to be characterized and is commonly drawn as a Y-shaped cartoon. It is formed by the combination of two identical heavy and two identi ...
... found in the blood, in tissue fluids or bound to the cell surface. The antibody receptor, also called an immunoglobulin (Ig), was the first antigen-specific receptor to be characterized and is commonly drawn as a Y-shaped cartoon. It is formed by the combination of two identical heavy and two identi ...
Intestinal Microflora and Homeostasis of the Mucosal
... against external antigens, pathogenic bacteria or viruses. Host defense against the autochthonous microflora is still poorly understood. It has been reported that indigenous bacteria can be recognized by the host immune system and elicit local and systemic antibody responses (Kimura et al., 1997; Ap ...
... against external antigens, pathogenic bacteria or viruses. Host defense against the autochthonous microflora is still poorly understood. It has been reported that indigenous bacteria can be recognized by the host immune system and elicit local and systemic antibody responses (Kimura et al., 1997; Ap ...
Obstacles to ideal anti-HIV antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
... cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses [12]. The vaccine regimen, however, did induce Abs capable of activating NK cells for ADCC [13,14]. Furthermore, the presence of ADCC Abs in vaccinees was associated with protection from infection, as long as the Ab carriers also had low levels of anti-Env IgA [15], ...
... cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses [12]. The vaccine regimen, however, did induce Abs capable of activating NK cells for ADCC [13,14]. Furthermore, the presence of ADCC Abs in vaccinees was associated with protection from infection, as long as the Ab carriers also had low levels of anti-Env IgA [15], ...
Inflammatory Monocytes Activate Memory CD8+ T and
... similarly to natural killer (NK) cells (Chaix et al., 2008; Lucas et al., 2007; Nguyen et al., 2002), memory CD8+ T cells can respond to distinct inflammatory cytokines (Berg et al., 2003; Kambayashi et al., 2003; Kohlmeier et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2002; Yajima et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 1998). Up ...
... similarly to natural killer (NK) cells (Chaix et al., 2008; Lucas et al., 2007; Nguyen et al., 2002), memory CD8+ T cells can respond to distinct inflammatory cytokines (Berg et al., 2003; Kambayashi et al., 2003; Kohlmeier et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2002; Yajima et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 1998). Up ...
Innate and adaptive immune responses subsequent to
... milieu further results into the activation of both, direct and indirect pathways of the complement system. Complement components are released both, systemically (liver, endothelium) as well as locally in the kidney and the deposition of C3, C6 and Mannose-binding Lectin can be detected during reperf ...
... milieu further results into the activation of both, direct and indirect pathways of the complement system. Complement components are released both, systemically (liver, endothelium) as well as locally in the kidney and the deposition of C3, C6 and Mannose-binding Lectin can be detected during reperf ...
I , Apr. 2005, p. 2012–2019 Vol. 73, No. 4 ⫹0 doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.2012–2019.2005
... immune response, we compared the murine pulmonary responses to infection with melanized and nonmelanized Cryptococcus neoformans cells. Infection with melanized cells resulted in a greater fungal burden during the early stages of infection and was associated with higher levels of interleukin-4 and M ...
... immune response, we compared the murine pulmonary responses to infection with melanized and nonmelanized Cryptococcus neoformans cells. Infection with melanized cells resulted in a greater fungal burden during the early stages of infection and was associated with higher levels of interleukin-4 and M ...
Lymphatic/Immune System
... the body's cells, recognizing and eliminating tumor cells and virusinfected cells by release of proteins, cutting holes and by other means. a. Cytotoxic T cells become activated when an antigen binds to its receptors. Memory T cells provide a no-delay response to any future exposure to the same anti ...
... the body's cells, recognizing and eliminating tumor cells and virusinfected cells by release of proteins, cutting holes and by other means. a. Cytotoxic T cells become activated when an antigen binds to its receptors. Memory T cells provide a no-delay response to any future exposure to the same anti ...
Understanding the Failure of CD8 T-Cell Vaccination against Simian
... viral loads that are obtained in vaccinated monkeys can be 10-fold lower than those in naive monkeys (12, 21, 22, 32, 86). CD8⫹ T cells are known to be important around the time of the peak, because in their absence, there is hardly any decrease in the viral load after the peak, i.e., a high viral s ...
... viral loads that are obtained in vaccinated monkeys can be 10-fold lower than those in naive monkeys (12, 21, 22, 32, 86). CD8⫹ T cells are known to be important around the time of the peak, because in their absence, there is hardly any decrease in the viral load after the peak, i.e., a high viral s ...
Document
... the body's cells, recognizing and eliminating tumor cells and virusinfected cells by release of proteins, cutting holes and by other means. a. Cytotoxic T cells become activated when an antigen binds to its receptors. Memory T cells provide a no-delay response to any future exposure to the same anti ...
... the body's cells, recognizing and eliminating tumor cells and virusinfected cells by release of proteins, cutting holes and by other means. a. Cytotoxic T cells become activated when an antigen binds to its receptors. Memory T cells provide a no-delay response to any future exposure to the same anti ...
36.4 How Does the Adaptive Immune System Recognize Invaders?
... – The adaptive immune response is produced by interactions among several types of white blood cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes – Macrophages and dendritic cells play a role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses – The key cellular players in the adaptive immune ...
... – The adaptive immune response is produced by interactions among several types of white blood cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes – Macrophages and dendritic cells play a role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses – The key cellular players in the adaptive immune ...
ADJUVANTS
... There are studies that defend the idea of TLR ligands contamination (such as LPS) in studied DAMPs, others showed that TLR knockout mice presented reduction in inflammatory response to necrotic cell death in vivo (CHEN & NUÑEZ, 2010). ...
... There are studies that defend the idea of TLR ligands contamination (such as LPS) in studied DAMPs, others showed that TLR knockout mice presented reduction in inflammatory response to necrotic cell death in vivo (CHEN & NUÑEZ, 2010). ...
Stem cells are influenced by microbial ligands
... bone marrow, although they have been isolated from other types of tissue [4]. Stem cells divide symmetrically and a-symmetrically. During symmetrical division two identical daughter cells are created that are either differentiated (progenitor) cells or identical stem cells (selfrenewal), increasing ...
... bone marrow, although they have been isolated from other types of tissue [4]. Stem cells divide symmetrically and a-symmetrically. During symmetrical division two identical daughter cells are created that are either differentiated (progenitor) cells or identical stem cells (selfrenewal), increasing ...
TIR-Domain-Containing Adapter-Inducing Interferon
... IFN-β) to initiate innate immune responses to pathogens and activate antigen-presenting cells. Mucosal B cells can be directly activated by antigens and TLR signaling which results in immunoglobulin class switching and rapid secretion of IgA in the gut mucosa without interacting with T cells [14]. I ...
... IFN-β) to initiate innate immune responses to pathogens and activate antigen-presenting cells. Mucosal B cells can be directly activated by antigens and TLR signaling which results in immunoglobulin class switching and rapid secretion of IgA in the gut mucosa without interacting with T cells [14]. I ...
Abundance of Early Functional HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells Does Not
... We quantified Gag-specific CD8+ T cells to investigate their prognostic value for AIDS-free survival. The individuals included in this study were infected in the late nineteen-eighties in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, therefore, we decided to use an overlapping peptide pool based on Gag sequences from ...
... We quantified Gag-specific CD8+ T cells to investigate their prognostic value for AIDS-free survival. The individuals included in this study were infected in the late nineteen-eighties in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, therefore, we decided to use an overlapping peptide pool based on Gag sequences from ...
Here - Canada`s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
... In kidney podocytes and other tissues, podocalyxin acts as an anti-adhesive surface protein to promote the formation of lumens and reduce intra- and inter- cellular adhesion. Podocalyxin is normally expressed on vascular endothelia, a sub-set of neurons and hematopoietic stem cells and, at much lowe ...
... In kidney podocytes and other tissues, podocalyxin acts as an anti-adhesive surface protein to promote the formation of lumens and reduce intra- and inter- cellular adhesion. Podocalyxin is normally expressed on vascular endothelia, a sub-set of neurons and hematopoietic stem cells and, at much lowe ...
immune system
... Is it that we’re taught to avoid the sorts of things that might harbour microbes? Or is disgust more instinctive than that? The origin and purpose of disgust is still debated by psychologists. Some argue that it is a learned response while others think it is a result of millions of years of evolutio ...
... Is it that we’re taught to avoid the sorts of things that might harbour microbes? Or is disgust more instinctive than that? The origin and purpose of disgust is still debated by psychologists. Some argue that it is a learned response while others think it is a result of millions of years of evolutio ...
viruses
... drugs, are routinely used to prevent and treat viral diseases. Vaccines form the basis for the prevention of many viral infections, but there are substantial drawbacks [5]. For the influenza virus only, vaccination failures have been widely documented, and in the elderly population, in which most of ...
... drugs, are routinely used to prevent and treat viral diseases. Vaccines form the basis for the prevention of many viral infections, but there are substantial drawbacks [5]. For the influenza virus only, vaccination failures have been widely documented, and in the elderly population, in which most of ...
Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Innate Immunity
... Yeung et al., 2000; Wittig and Zeitz, 2003). The lymphoid follicles have a germinal center structure rich in B cells with interspaced FDCs and surrounded by a T cell area containing DCs (Yeung et al., 2000). The lymphoid follicles are located beneath a single layer epithelium called the follicle-as ...
... Yeung et al., 2000; Wittig and Zeitz, 2003). The lymphoid follicles have a germinal center structure rich in B cells with interspaced FDCs and surrounded by a T cell area containing DCs (Yeung et al., 2000). The lymphoid follicles are located beneath a single layer epithelium called the follicle-as ...
Regulation of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony
... genes and is itself induced on T-cell receptor activation. The induction of cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) in T cells can be suppressed by cyclosporin A (CsA), and these effects are largely caused by the ability of CsA to inhibit a ...
... genes and is itself induced on T-cell receptor activation. The induction of cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) in T cells can be suppressed by cyclosporin A (CsA), and these effects are largely caused by the ability of CsA to inhibit a ...
Distribution and expression profiles of dendritic cell subpopulations
... DCs in bladder cancer gests that they might have an important role in the afferent arm of the adaptive immune response in bladder tissue, by taking up antigens from apoptotic cells and pathogens. On the other hand, cancer cells actively suppress steady state DCs (also called tumor-infiltrating DCs, ...
... DCs in bladder cancer gests that they might have an important role in the afferent arm of the adaptive immune response in bladder tissue, by taking up antigens from apoptotic cells and pathogens. On the other hand, cancer cells actively suppress steady state DCs (also called tumor-infiltrating DCs, ...
Memmler`s The Human Body in Health and Disease 11th
... Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
... Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
EBV infection B cells and lymphomagenesis
... Source: R Kuppers; Nature reviews immunology; 2003 ...
... Source: R Kuppers; Nature reviews immunology; 2003 ...
Reduced expression of the ab T-cell antigen receptor by alveolar T-cells
... Most investigators favour the notion that these T-cells are responding to a causative antigen, if any, of sarcoidosis [2, 3], because effector T-cells in the cell-mediated immune response are believed to belong to the CD4+ cells [4]. Antigens that fit within the unique pockets of major histocompatab ...
... Most investigators favour the notion that these T-cells are responding to a causative antigen, if any, of sarcoidosis [2, 3], because effector T-cells in the cell-mediated immune response are believed to belong to the CD4+ cells [4]. Antigens that fit within the unique pockets of major histocompatab ...
Mucus Properties and Goblet Cell Quantification in Mouse, Rat and
... combination of the secretagogues carbachol and PGE2 at 10 mM, but mucus release from PP goblet cells has not yet been studied, neither from the FAE nor the villi. Two explant tissue samples containing PPs from the same mouse were mounted in separate Ussing-type chambers and the original mucus layer ...
... combination of the secretagogues carbachol and PGE2 at 10 mM, but mucus release from PP goblet cells has not yet been studied, neither from the FAE nor the villi. Two explant tissue samples containing PPs from the same mouse were mounted in separate Ussing-type chambers and the original mucus layer ...
Lymphopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis (lĭm'fō-poi-ē'sĭs) (or lymphocytopoiesis) is the generation of lymphocytes, one of the five types of white blood cell (WBC). It is more formally known as lymphoid hematopoiesis.Pathosis in lymphopoiesis leads to any of various lymphoproliferative disorders, such as the lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias.