Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart • New York
... Polymerase II at very l o w concentrations. In most eukaryotes the activity of polymerase III is affected by high concentrations of this i n h i b i t o r whereas polymerase I is insensitive. Examples can be f o u n d , however, where the i n h i b i t i o n pattern is different. In yeast for instan ...
... Polymerase II at very l o w concentrations. In most eukaryotes the activity of polymerase III is affected by high concentrations of this i n h i b i t o r whereas polymerase I is insensitive. Examples can be f o u n d , however, where the i n h i b i t i o n pattern is different. In yeast for instan ...
Pigs immunized with Chinese highly pathogenic PRRS virus
... most countries in East Asia including Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, South Korea, and Russia [11]. JXA-1 (GenBank ID: EF112445.1), one of the earliest HP-PRRSV strains, was isolated in 2006 and shares 91% homology with the genome of VR-2332 (GenBank ID: AY150564.1). However, ...
... most countries in East Asia including Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, South Korea, and Russia [11]. JXA-1 (GenBank ID: EF112445.1), one of the earliest HP-PRRSV strains, was isolated in 2006 and shares 91% homology with the genome of VR-2332 (GenBank ID: AY150564.1). However, ...
A Diagnostic Target Against Clostridium bolteae
... pyranose. A) α-D-glucose ring closure and B) β-D-glucose ring closure.................. 2 Figure 2: A figure depicting the two chair conformations observed for the pyranose forms of sugars. The 4C1 configuration is named such due to the C4 being positioned upwards in space, with the C1 positioned do ...
... pyranose. A) α-D-glucose ring closure and B) β-D-glucose ring closure.................. 2 Figure 2: A figure depicting the two chair conformations observed for the pyranose forms of sugars. The 4C1 configuration is named such due to the C4 being positioned upwards in space, with the C1 positioned do ...
Biomarkers and mechanisms of natural disease resistance in dairy
... immune cells and to induce an adaptive immune reaction. Antimicrobial peptides, such as lactoferrin, are amphipathic molecules of < 100 amino acids long with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions [41]. They are produced by immune and epithelial cells and can kill among others by direct intera ...
... immune cells and to induce an adaptive immune reaction. Antimicrobial peptides, such as lactoferrin, are amphipathic molecules of < 100 amino acids long with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions [41]. They are produced by immune and epithelial cells and can kill among others by direct intera ...
Development of an Antigen-independent Affinity Assay to Study the
... Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) are membrane-bound receptors which bind the Fc fragment of antigen-bound IgGs. The binding generates cell signaling and subsequently an immunological response. In this way FcγRs are important links between the humoral and cellular parts of the immune system. Three families ...
... Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) are membrane-bound receptors which bind the Fc fragment of antigen-bound IgGs. The binding generates cell signaling and subsequently an immunological response. In this way FcγRs are important links between the humoral and cellular parts of the immune system. Three families ...
(Uncommon) Mechanisms of Branchial Ammonia
... Multi-Gauge software (ver. 3.1; FujiFilm). Antibody crossreactivity was identified by band molecular mass estimation. Negative controls were performed when possible using the antigen. The antibodies used have also been validated in other teleost species (see above). To determine localization of gill ...
... Multi-Gauge software (ver. 3.1; FujiFilm). Antibody crossreactivity was identified by band molecular mass estimation. Negative controls were performed when possible using the antigen. The antibodies used have also been validated in other teleost species (see above). To determine localization of gill ...
FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF EXOSOMES
... been described. In vivo, exosomes are found to be present in many biological fluids like: synovial fluid, breast milk, blood, urine and saliva, amniotic liquid and malignant effusions of ascites. In blood serum, exosomes are almost present in a quantity of 3,000,000 per microliter (17). The first re ...
... been described. In vivo, exosomes are found to be present in many biological fluids like: synovial fluid, breast milk, blood, urine and saliva, amniotic liquid and malignant effusions of ascites. In blood serum, exosomes are almost present in a quantity of 3,000,000 per microliter (17). The first re ...
Mechanisms of Salivary Gland Secretory Dysfunction in Sjögren`s
... junction structure in salivary glands from SS patients, potentially resulting in secretory dysfunction (Ewert et al. 2010, ; Baker 2010). IL-18 and its inducer IL-12 are cytokines that play an important role in TH1 driven autoimmune responses and inflammatory tissue disease by activating IFN secreti ...
... junction structure in salivary glands from SS patients, potentially resulting in secretory dysfunction (Ewert et al. 2010, ; Baker 2010). IL-18 and its inducer IL-12 are cytokines that play an important role in TH1 driven autoimmune responses and inflammatory tissue disease by activating IFN secreti ...
Fastness in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
... (stat) phase cells were harvested, lyzed and processed for KasB purification by affinity chromatography on Ni2+-containing beads. The BCG-derived KasB_WT and KasB_T334A/T336A proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, either stained with Coomassie Blue (upper panel) or subjected to Western blot analysis a ...
... (stat) phase cells were harvested, lyzed and processed for KasB purification by affinity chromatography on Ni2+-containing beads. The BCG-derived KasB_WT and KasB_T334A/T336A proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, either stained with Coomassie Blue (upper panel) or subjected to Western blot analysis a ...
UNIT 7: Immunology and Vaccinology
... recognizing and remembering specific organisms. The immune process How does the immune process take place? It is a complex process but can be simplified by distinguishing two different types of reaction, although both may occur in response to a particular disease. Let us look at the sequence of even ...
... recognizing and remembering specific organisms. The immune process How does the immune process take place? It is a complex process but can be simplified by distinguishing two different types of reaction, although both may occur in response to a particular disease. Let us look at the sequence of even ...
Flyer: Cell Therapy Systems
... Figure 1. Xeno-free growth and gene expression of hESCs. (A) Xeno-free growth of hESCs on feeder cells. BG01v morphology when cultured in CTS KnockOut SR XenoFree Medium on human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) attached with Gibco CTS CELLstart Substrate, passage 4. (B) Maintenance of pluripotency using ...
... Figure 1. Xeno-free growth and gene expression of hESCs. (A) Xeno-free growth of hESCs on feeder cells. BG01v morphology when cultured in CTS KnockOut SR XenoFree Medium on human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) attached with Gibco CTS CELLstart Substrate, passage 4. (B) Maintenance of pluripotency using ...
Arginine-induced stimulation of protein synthesis and survival in
... to synthesize arginine (20, 37, 41), and the small intestine is a key site of net arginine synthesis in neonates (39, 42, 43). Thus the gut appears to play a critical role in maintaining arginine homeostasis in neonates (13, 40). Evidence from in vitro metabolic studies with primary cells and transf ...
... to synthesize arginine (20, 37, 41), and the small intestine is a key site of net arginine synthesis in neonates (39, 42, 43). Thus the gut appears to play a critical role in maintaining arginine homeostasis in neonates (13, 40). Evidence from in vitro metabolic studies with primary cells and transf ...
New Generation Vaccine Adjuvants
... materials, typical immune potentiators are purified components of bacterial cells or viruses, or synthetic molecules that mimic these structurally. Consequently, they are recognized as ‘danger signals’ by receptors present on immune cells, particularly APC, which are present to ‘sense’ when an organi ...
... materials, typical immune potentiators are purified components of bacterial cells or viruses, or synthetic molecules that mimic these structurally. Consequently, they are recognized as ‘danger signals’ by receptors present on immune cells, particularly APC, which are present to ‘sense’ when an organi ...
IL-2 regulates SEB induced toxic shock syndrome in BALB/c mice
... IL-22/2 Mice Are Resistant Due to Lower TNFa Since IL-22/2 mice are resistant to TSS, we compared production of TNF-a in IL-22/2 and BALB/c wild type mice. SEB-challenged mice were bled after one hour of challenge and ELISA was done to assess circulating levels of TNFa. We found that TNF-a was signi ...
... IL-22/2 Mice Are Resistant Due to Lower TNFa Since IL-22/2 mice are resistant to TSS, we compared production of TNF-a in IL-22/2 and BALB/c wild type mice. SEB-challenged mice were bled after one hour of challenge and ELISA was done to assess circulating levels of TNFa. We found that TNF-a was signi ...
Document
... – Each B lymphocyte has multiple copies of a single type of protein called the B cell receptor – Each B cell generates a single BCR – The two variable regions of the BCR form the antigen-binding sites – Each BCR recognizes only one epitope – The entire repertoire of an individual’s BCRs is capable o ...
... – Each B lymphocyte has multiple copies of a single type of protein called the B cell receptor – Each B cell generates a single BCR – The two variable regions of the BCR form the antigen-binding sites – Each BCR recognizes only one epitope – The entire repertoire of an individual’s BCRs is capable o ...
Novel immunodeficient Pde6b rd1 mouse model of retinitis
... 2004).The retinal degeneration diseases are irreversible once the retinal cells have degenerated because the adult retina is considered to lack stem cells and the cells lost are never regenerated(Jeon et al. 1998). To address this need, the recently emerging field of regenerative medicine seems to b ...
... 2004).The retinal degeneration diseases are irreversible once the retinal cells have degenerated because the adult retina is considered to lack stem cells and the cells lost are never regenerated(Jeon et al. 1998). To address this need, the recently emerging field of regenerative medicine seems to b ...
BioE HIV AIDS
... binding of gp120 to CD4 results in a conformational change in the gp120 molecule allowing it to bind to a second molecule on the cell surface known as a coreceptor. The envelope of the virus and the cell membrane then fuse, leading to entry of the virus into the cell. The gp41 of the envelope is cri ...
... binding of gp120 to CD4 results in a conformational change in the gp120 molecule allowing it to bind to a second molecule on the cell surface known as a coreceptor. The envelope of the virus and the cell membrane then fuse, leading to entry of the virus into the cell. The gp41 of the envelope is cri ...
The Orphan Transporter Rxt1/NTT4 (SLC6A17)
... revealed an unexpected synaptic vesicle localization for Rxt1/NTT4 in glutamatergic neurons (Fischer et al., 1999; Masson et al., 1999). Based on these observations, it has been suggested that Rxt1/NTT4 might function as a vesicular transporter, or alternatively, reside in intracellular vesicles as ...
... revealed an unexpected synaptic vesicle localization for Rxt1/NTT4 in glutamatergic neurons (Fischer et al., 1999; Masson et al., 1999). Based on these observations, it has been suggested that Rxt1/NTT4 might function as a vesicular transporter, or alternatively, reside in intracellular vesicles as ...
Somatic Hypermutation in MutS Homologue (MSH)3-, MSH6
... Pfu DNA polymerase was verified by sequencing V regions from splenic peanut agglutinin–low B220 ⫹ cells, yielding a mutation frequency of 1.81 ⫻ 10⫺4/bp (5 mutations in 27,636 bp). J H4 flanking regions were amplified according to the methods of Frey et al. (11), except that restriction site sequenc ...
... Pfu DNA polymerase was verified by sequencing V regions from splenic peanut agglutinin–low B220 ⫹ cells, yielding a mutation frequency of 1.81 ⫻ 10⫺4/bp (5 mutations in 27,636 bp). J H4 flanking regions were amplified according to the methods of Frey et al. (11), except that restriction site sequenc ...
Epitope prediction algorithms
... 2. X-ray crystallography: Ag-Ab complex is crystallized and the structure is scanned for contact residues between Ag and Ab. The contact residues on the Ag are considered as the epitope. 3. Prediction methods: Based on the X-ray crystal data available for Ag-Ab complexes, the propensity of an amino ...
... 2. X-ray crystallography: Ag-Ab complex is crystallized and the structure is scanned for contact residues between Ag and Ab. The contact residues on the Ag are considered as the epitope. 3. Prediction methods: Based on the X-ray crystal data available for Ag-Ab complexes, the propensity of an amino ...
Cell Therapy Systems brochure
... cell culture medium such as CTS OpTimizer T Cell Expansion SFM or CTS AIM V SFM. CTS Immune Cell SR is a defined xeno-free formulation and does not contain bovine or other nonhuman, animal-derived components. The CTS Immune Cell SR is available in a 50 mL bottle for small volume users, as well as a ...
... cell culture medium such as CTS OpTimizer T Cell Expansion SFM or CTS AIM V SFM. CTS Immune Cell SR is a defined xeno-free formulation and does not contain bovine or other nonhuman, animal-derived components. The CTS Immune Cell SR is available in a 50 mL bottle for small volume users, as well as a ...
Pemphigus pathogenesis - Welcome!
... -Initially 2 cycles of rituximab given once weekly for 3 weeks and IVIg given in the 4th week; followed by monthly infusion of rituximab and IVIg for 4 consecutive months -Of 11 patients, 9 had complete and rapid resolution of lesions and a clinical remission lasting an average of 31 months. All imm ...
... -Initially 2 cycles of rituximab given once weekly for 3 weeks and IVIg given in the 4th week; followed by monthly infusion of rituximab and IVIg for 4 consecutive months -Of 11 patients, 9 had complete and rapid resolution of lesions and a clinical remission lasting an average of 31 months. All imm ...
Altered frequency and migration capacity of CD4
... in 24-well chemotaxis chambers, sorted cells were stimulated with ligands of CCR4, CCL17 and CCL22 and analysed with FACScan. Correlations between the number of Tregs and CCR4+ Treg cells and clinical parameters were analysed. Results. The numbers of Tregsbright and CCR4+ Tregsbright were significan ...
... in 24-well chemotaxis chambers, sorted cells were stimulated with ligands of CCR4, CCL17 and CCL22 and analysed with FACScan. Correlations between the number of Tregs and CCR4+ Treg cells and clinical parameters were analysed. Results. The numbers of Tregsbright and CCR4+ Tregsbright were significan ...
Plasma Membrane Profiling Defines an Expanded Class of
... both CD155 and TRAIL-R2 cell surface expression, but an additional HCMV-encoded factor is known to be required for efficient downregulation of cell surface CD112 [25]. Moreover, while CD155 and TRAIL-R2 accumulate in the ER during the course of infection, CD112 is degraded [25]. While US2, US3, US6 ...
... both CD155 and TRAIL-R2 cell surface expression, but an additional HCMV-encoded factor is known to be required for efficient downregulation of cell surface CD112 [25]. Moreover, while CD155 and TRAIL-R2 accumulate in the ER during the course of infection, CD112 is degraded [25]. While US2, US3, US6 ...
Peptide-Binding Specificity Molecule, Defines a New Supertype of
... Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. ...
... Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. ...
Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are monospecific antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell, in contrast to polyclonal antibodies which are made from several different immune cells. Monoclonal antibodies have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope.Given almost any substance, it is possible to produce monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to that substance; they can then serve to detect or purify that substance. This has become an important tool in biochemistry, molecular biology and medicine. When used as medications, the non-proprietary drug name ends in -mab (see ""Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies""), and many immunotherapy specialists use the word mab anacronymically.