A Selective Sweep Driven by Pyrimethamine Treatment in Southeast
... association may be an effective way to locate genes under strong recent selection. (3) The width of the selective valley is consistent with predictions based on independent measures of recombination, mutation, and selection intensity, suggesting that we have reasonable estimates of these parameters. ...
... association may be an effective way to locate genes under strong recent selection. (3) The width of the selective valley is consistent with predictions based on independent measures of recombination, mutation, and selection intensity, suggesting that we have reasonable estimates of these parameters. ...
Structure and Antioxidant Catalytic Function of Plant Glutathione Trans
... through peroxidase (GPxs) [24], thioltransferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activity [21,25,26] (Fig. 2). Proteins able to participate in unrelated biological processes have been grouped under the generic name of moonlighting proteins [27,28]. Work with different organisms has uncovered a great ...
... through peroxidase (GPxs) [24], thioltransferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activity [21,25,26] (Fig. 2). Proteins able to participate in unrelated biological processes have been grouped under the generic name of moonlighting proteins [27,28]. Work with different organisms has uncovered a great ...
Substrate Specificity of Human Kallikreins 1 and 6
... and P49 positions. Residues derived from the linker sequence in the octapeptide library showed up at P3, P4 or P39, and P49 and thus do not affect the significance of the analysis described above. All Gly on P49 are from linker, which is not considered as significant. Six peptides derived from selec ...
... and P49 positions. Residues derived from the linker sequence in the octapeptide library showed up at P3, P4 or P39, and P49 and thus do not affect the significance of the analysis described above. All Gly on P49 are from linker, which is not considered as significant. Six peptides derived from selec ...
SOLID PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS
... In Fmoc/tBu based SPPS the vessel may also be used for the final cleavage or for the cleavage of fully protected peptides from very acid-labile resins such as SASRIN. Using a manual synthesizer may be more cumbersome than employing a fully automated one, but any parameter can be changed at any time. ...
... In Fmoc/tBu based SPPS the vessel may also be used for the final cleavage or for the cleavage of fully protected peptides from very acid-labile resins such as SASRIN. Using a manual synthesizer may be more cumbersome than employing a fully automated one, but any parameter can be changed at any time. ...
On the origin of biochemistry at an alkaline hydrothermal vent
... within fossilized seepage-site metal sulphide precipitates led to the idea that such inorganic compartments might have been the functional precursors of cell walls and membranes found in free-living prokaryotes (Russell & Hall 1997). The findings that FeS catalyses the synthesis of CH3SH (Heinen & L ...
... within fossilized seepage-site metal sulphide precipitates led to the idea that such inorganic compartments might have been the functional precursors of cell walls and membranes found in free-living prokaryotes (Russell & Hall 1997). The findings that FeS catalyses the synthesis of CH3SH (Heinen & L ...
Eukaryote-Like Serine/Threonine Kinases and Phosphatases in
... was soon realized, and it quickly became clear that protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism to regulate protein activity and, consequently, to control cellular functions. However, Ser, Thr, and Tyr phosphorylation was assumed for a long time to occur exclusively in eukaryotes (8). Eukaryotic Ser/ ...
... was soon realized, and it quickly became clear that protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism to regulate protein activity and, consequently, to control cellular functions. However, Ser, Thr, and Tyr phosphorylation was assumed for a long time to occur exclusively in eukaryotes (8). Eukaryotic Ser/ ...
Enzymatic Activities for the Synthesis of Chlorophyll in Pigment
... young leaves developed variegated peripheral regions along a central vein. After 3-4 weeks, mature white sectors were fully formed. Leaves were then harvested and the green and the white sectors were obtained by careful sectioning of the leaves such that sectors were free of contamination by one ano ...
... young leaves developed variegated peripheral regions along a central vein. After 3-4 weeks, mature white sectors were fully formed. Leaves were then harvested and the green and the white sectors were obtained by careful sectioning of the leaves such that sectors were free of contamination by one ano ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
... Subtilisin: externals very different from mammalian serine proteases; triad same ...
... Subtilisin: externals very different from mammalian serine proteases; triad same ...
Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine
... The generation of ATP by the mitochondrion from cytosolic NADH relies on the malate-aspartate shuttle (and to a lesser extent, the glycerol-phosphate shuttle) because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH and NAD+. Instead of transferring the generated NADH, a malate dehydrogenase ...
... The generation of ATP by the mitochondrion from cytosolic NADH relies on the malate-aspartate shuttle (and to a lesser extent, the glycerol-phosphate shuttle) because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH and NAD+. Instead of transferring the generated NADH, a malate dehydrogenase ...
Effects of Molecular Crowding on Binding Affinity of Dihydrofolate to
... is carried by an R-plasmid or resistance plasmid. In comparison to the chromosomal DHFR, R67 has different characteristics. For instance, R67 DHFR has a lower affinity for DHF than the chromosomal form 1. Additionally, the two structures are dissimilar. Chromosomal DHFR has one active site, specific ...
... is carried by an R-plasmid or resistance plasmid. In comparison to the chromosomal DHFR, R67 has different characteristics. For instance, R67 DHFR has a lower affinity for DHF than the chromosomal form 1. Additionally, the two structures are dissimilar. Chromosomal DHFR has one active site, specific ...
Nucleotide sequence and structural organization of
... fermentations where, in many cases, a number of beneficial qualities result from the dominance of Lezlconostoc species (hl.ithieu eta/., 1993). For example, in dairy fermentations, the ability of some Leuconostoc species to produce diacetyl and carbon dioxide is important because of their contributi ...
... fermentations where, in many cases, a number of beneficial qualities result from the dominance of Lezlconostoc species (hl.ithieu eta/., 1993). For example, in dairy fermentations, the ability of some Leuconostoc species to produce diacetyl and carbon dioxide is important because of their contributi ...
IJCA 50A(09-10) 1457-1462
... perthiols as an intermediate for the sulfur transfer, when perthiols, as a chemical entity, is quite uncommon in synthetic preparation.6 Persulfides, on the other hand, are well characterized.7-9 Rhodanese an ubiquitous structural module occurring in three major evolutionary phyla, is the enzyme tha ...
... perthiols as an intermediate for the sulfur transfer, when perthiols, as a chemical entity, is quite uncommon in synthetic preparation.6 Persulfides, on the other hand, are well characterized.7-9 Rhodanese an ubiquitous structural module occurring in three major evolutionary phyla, is the enzyme tha ...
Raines, ChemRev 1998
... “The chemical structures of pancreatic ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease” 10 “The chemical structures of pancreatic ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease” 10 “Solid-phase synthesis” 11 ...
... “The chemical structures of pancreatic ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease” 10 “The chemical structures of pancreatic ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease” 10 “Solid-phase synthesis” 11 ...
Homogeneous Catalysis
... Chemical Kinetics is the study of reaction rates; that is, how fast a given reaction does proceeds. It is a measure of the change of the concentration of reactants (or products) as a function of time. Reaction rates provide information regarding how fast a chemical process occurs as well as the mech ...
... Chemical Kinetics is the study of reaction rates; that is, how fast a given reaction does proceeds. It is a measure of the change of the concentration of reactants (or products) as a function of time. Reaction rates provide information regarding how fast a chemical process occurs as well as the mech ...
ADAPTATION AND MALADAPTATION IN SELFING AND
... et al. 1993b), which is not taken into account here. Several examples of the evolution of the Ne /N ratio as a function of the selfing rate under background selection are given in Figure 1, showing that Ne is strongly reduced mainly for high selfing rates and/or low recombination rates. Note, howeve ...
... et al. 1993b), which is not taken into account here. Several examples of the evolution of the Ne /N ratio as a function of the selfing rate under background selection are given in Figure 1, showing that Ne is strongly reduced mainly for high selfing rates and/or low recombination rates. Note, howeve ...
MycoplasMa Quality control
... Mycoplasma contamination affects roughly 15-35% of continuous cell cultures, resulting in a number of deleterious effects, including: • Inhibition of cell metabolism • Induction of chromosomal abnormalities • Disruption of DNA and RNA synthesis • Changes in virus and antibody production • Alter ...
... Mycoplasma contamination affects roughly 15-35% of continuous cell cultures, resulting in a number of deleterious effects, including: • Inhibition of cell metabolism • Induction of chromosomal abnormalities • Disruption of DNA and RNA synthesis • Changes in virus and antibody production • Alter ...
A homozygous double mutation in SMN1
... (Fig. 1b). As the parents are healthy, it was predicted that the two mutations either had to be in cis on one SMN1 allele, or one resided in SMN1 and the other in SMN2. To determine the location of the mutations, we performed reverse-transcription PCR (RT- PCR) on total RNA, followed by cloning and ...
... (Fig. 1b). As the parents are healthy, it was predicted that the two mutations either had to be in cis on one SMN1 allele, or one resided in SMN1 and the other in SMN2. To determine the location of the mutations, we performed reverse-transcription PCR (RT- PCR) on total RNA, followed by cloning and ...
Identification and expression of GH
... and methods’). The sequence of the PCR product revealed a putative ORF sequence (1359 bp) with 95% identity to the ORFs of Bacillus sp. No. 7-M (Izume et al., 1992) and KCTC 0377BP (Choi et al., 2004), which are classed as GH-8 chitosanases. Based on this result, two further primers (BTMO-F and BTMO ...
... and methods’). The sequence of the PCR product revealed a putative ORF sequence (1359 bp) with 95% identity to the ORFs of Bacillus sp. No. 7-M (Izume et al., 1992) and KCTC 0377BP (Choi et al., 2004), which are classed as GH-8 chitosanases. Based on this result, two further primers (BTMO-F and BTMO ...
The Stereochemistry of Enzymatic Transamination“
... The observation of a small kinetic isotope effect in the apoglutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase catalyzed transamination of D2-pyridoxamine is expected. The magnitude of the true isotope effect for CH bond breaking is certain to be reduced by the reversible formation of the anion of the cofactor sub ...
... The observation of a small kinetic isotope effect in the apoglutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase catalyzed transamination of D2-pyridoxamine is expected. The magnitude of the true isotope effect for CH bond breaking is certain to be reduced by the reversible formation of the anion of the cofactor sub ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... considerable amount of activity was lost during incubation of the enzyme for 10 min at this temperature, probably because cofactors or substrates or both, which may protect the enzyme, were lacking. We were surprised to find that the specific activity of the L-alanine adding enzyme of E. coli strain ...
... considerable amount of activity was lost during incubation of the enzyme for 10 min at this temperature, probably because cofactors or substrates or both, which may protect the enzyme, were lacking. We were surprised to find that the specific activity of the L-alanine adding enzyme of E. coli strain ...
Type I Factor XI11 Deficiency Is Caused By a
... ACTOR XI11 deficiency is an inherited hemorrhagic disease characterized by a life-long bleeding tendency and abnormal wound healing in affected patients and spontaneous abortion in affected fernales.l~*Coagulation factor XI11 is a plasma transglutaminase consisting of two catalytic a and two noncata ...
... ACTOR XI11 deficiency is an inherited hemorrhagic disease characterized by a life-long bleeding tendency and abnormal wound healing in affected patients and spontaneous abortion in affected fernales.l~*Coagulation factor XI11 is a plasma transglutaminase consisting of two catalytic a and two noncata ...
cloning of gs1 gene encodes glutamine synthetase 1 and
... plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen. In vascular plants, GS is devided into two groups: cytosol - located isoform (GS1) and plastid – located isoform (GS2). Surveys have shown that GS1 gene was used widely to generate transgenic plants. Effects on the growth characteristics of GS1 ...
... plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen. In vascular plants, GS is devided into two groups: cytosol - located isoform (GS1) and plastid – located isoform (GS2). Surveys have shown that GS1 gene was used widely to generate transgenic plants. Effects on the growth characteristics of GS1 ...
abbreviations and symbols for nucleic
... methods for the synthesis of specific polynucleotide sequences4. The latter developments and others (e.g. modification of sugar components, synthesis of unnatural linkages) require a unified system for representing long sequences ...
... methods for the synthesis of specific polynucleotide sequences4. The latter developments and others (e.g. modification of sugar components, synthesis of unnatural linkages) require a unified system for representing long sequences ...
Rabbit genome editing with zinc finger nucleases
... natively, the Wild-type rabbit from Which the genetically modi?ed rabbit is derived may comprise an ortholog corre sponding to the functional human disease or trait-related pro tein. In this case, the orthologous sequence in the “human ized” rabbit is inactivated such that no functional protein is m ...
... natively, the Wild-type rabbit from Which the genetically modi?ed rabbit is derived may comprise an ortholog corre sponding to the functional human disease or trait-related pro tein. In this case, the orthologous sequence in the “human ized” rabbit is inactivated such that no functional protein is m ...
Deoxyribozyme
Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.