Macromolecules and Enzymes final draft
... • Enzymes that digest starch by hydrolyzing alpha linkages can’t hydrolyze beta linkages in cellulose • Cellulose in human food passes through the digestive tract as insoluble fiber • Some microbes use enzymes to digest cellulose • Many herbivores, from cows to termites, have symbiotic relationship ...
... • Enzymes that digest starch by hydrolyzing alpha linkages can’t hydrolyze beta linkages in cellulose • Cellulose in human food passes through the digestive tract as insoluble fiber • Some microbes use enzymes to digest cellulose • Many herbivores, from cows to termites, have symbiotic relationship ...
A change in ocean current causes the climate on an island to
... During the formation of gametes, the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other. Alleles for a trait are then “recombined” at fertilization, producing the genotype for the traits of the offspring. ...
... During the formation of gametes, the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other. Alleles for a trait are then “recombined” at fertilization, producing the genotype for the traits of the offspring. ...
Mutations Practice Sheet
... 6. Which do you think would be more damaging: an error in DNA, RNA, or protein? Why? ...
... 6. Which do you think would be more damaging: an error in DNA, RNA, or protein? Why? ...
PROTEINS - Hyndland Secondary School
... – Van der Waals forces – Ionic interactions (strong) – Disulphide bridges (strong) • Covalent bond between cysteine residues ...
... – Van der Waals forces – Ionic interactions (strong) – Disulphide bridges (strong) • Covalent bond between cysteine residues ...
Biochemistry Lit Exam Concepts Soluble/Membrane protein function
... Soluble/Membrane protein function: Be able to explain various biological functions of non-enzyme proteins (e.g. muscle contraction, antibodies). Enzyme kinetics: Understand the origins of the Michaelis-Menten equation, understand the derivation of rate equations, understand different modes of inhibi ...
... Soluble/Membrane protein function: Be able to explain various biological functions of non-enzyme proteins (e.g. muscle contraction, antibodies). Enzyme kinetics: Understand the origins of the Michaelis-Menten equation, understand the derivation of rate equations, understand different modes of inhibi ...
Classification of Microorganisms
... • Not part of either domains • Not composed of cells • Use anabolic machinery within host cell to multiply • Viral genome can direct biosynthesis inside a cell • Some can be incorporated into the host’s genome • Virus is more closely related to its host than to other virus • Viral species- morpholog ...
... • Not part of either domains • Not composed of cells • Use anabolic machinery within host cell to multiply • Viral genome can direct biosynthesis inside a cell • Some can be incorporated into the host’s genome • Virus is more closely related to its host than to other virus • Viral species- morpholog ...
Product Manual Plant DNA Isolation Reagent
... 10 - 100 mg of clippings in a 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube, and freeze at -20℃ . Note: Use 70% Ethanol to wipe the edge of the cutting utensil when processing the plant samples. 2． Place the frozen plant tissue at room temperature for 5 minutes until thawed. 3． Spin down briefly to collect the pla ...
... 10 - 100 mg of clippings in a 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube, and freeze at -20℃ . Note: Use 70% Ethanol to wipe the edge of the cutting utensil when processing the plant samples. 2． Place the frozen plant tissue at room temperature for 5 minutes until thawed. 3． Spin down briefly to collect the pla ...
Investigating the role of an uncharacterized carboxy
... Calculations for the rate of ß-glucuronidase activity using the Miller Assay and as a function of total protein reveal that the ctpA promoter is downregulated two- to three-fold in the bacteroid. To date, repeated attempts to mutate ctpA using two different strategies have been unsuccessful suggesti ...
... Calculations for the rate of ß-glucuronidase activity using the Miller Assay and as a function of total protein reveal that the ctpA promoter is downregulated two- to three-fold in the bacteroid. To date, repeated attempts to mutate ctpA using two different strategies have been unsuccessful suggesti ...
Biology 104 Test 1 1. The scientific study of life is called: A. biology B
... 27. The protein structure of alpha helix and beta pleated sheets refers to the: A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure E. none of the above 28. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA? A. cytosine B. thymine C. uracil D. guanine ...
... 27. The protein structure of alpha helix and beta pleated sheets refers to the: A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure E. none of the above 28. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA? A. cytosine B. thymine C. uracil D. guanine ...
Biotoxins
... • Plants can grow to about 12 feet and has large five to seven inch long finger like leaves and is green to reddish purple in color. • Seed pods are spinney and green to red in color. • Castor Bean oil is used for lubricants and the left over pulp or cake is boiled and pressed for use as animal feed ...
... • Plants can grow to about 12 feet and has large five to seven inch long finger like leaves and is green to reddish purple in color. • Seed pods are spinney and green to red in color. • Castor Bean oil is used for lubricants and the left over pulp or cake is boiled and pressed for use as animal feed ...
Mitosis and Cell Cycle
... progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes. • A kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific substrates, a process referred to as phosphorylation. ...
... progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes. • A kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific substrates, a process referred to as phosphorylation. ...
Genetics Notes: This is a general outline of what you need to know
... race to complete it involved many countries around the world, and also a competition between public and private interests. The completion of the genome means that we now know the sequence of the four bases for our species, Homo sapiens. It has lead to many new understandings and it has also left us ...
... race to complete it involved many countries around the world, and also a competition between public and private interests. The completion of the genome means that we now know the sequence of the four bases for our species, Homo sapiens. It has lead to many new understandings and it has also left us ...
Transcription Regulation And Gene Expression in Eukaryotes (Cycle
... siRNAs (ds RNA 21-22 nt) silence genes by promoting the cleavage of mRNAs with exact complementary sequences siRNAs are not conserved between species (fly, human) however RNAi by siRNAs is an evolutionary conserved mechanism whereby genes are specifically silenced through degradation of their mRNA ...
... siRNAs (ds RNA 21-22 nt) silence genes by promoting the cleavage of mRNAs with exact complementary sequences siRNAs are not conserved between species (fly, human) however RNAi by siRNAs is an evolutionary conserved mechanism whereby genes are specifically silenced through degradation of their mRNA ...
How to Raise the Dead: The Nuts and Bolts of Ancestral Sequence
... – Improvements in DNA synthesis ...
... – Improvements in DNA synthesis ...
Cellular Respiration
... at one end and a 3-base ____________ at the other. • ____________ are the non-coding segments that are “snipped out” of the transcribed mRNA. • The segments that do code for proteins, __________, are then “glued” together by the ...
... at one end and a 3-base ____________ at the other. • ____________ are the non-coding segments that are “snipped out” of the transcribed mRNA. • The segments that do code for proteins, __________, are then “glued” together by the ...
Biology Keystone Review.2016.Part 2
... o if nondisjunction occurs, abnormal numbers of chromosomes may find their way into gametes, and a chromosome disorder may result (e.g. down syndrome, 3 chromosomes at 21st pair) ...
... o if nondisjunction occurs, abnormal numbers of chromosomes may find their way into gametes, and a chromosome disorder may result (e.g. down syndrome, 3 chromosomes at 21st pair) ...
Organic Chemistry #2 Vocabulary Adhesion Cohesion Atom
... waterproof coverings, oils, waxes Amino acids Enzymes, membrane transport, movement, receptors, immune defense, structure (muscle, bone) Nucleotides Heredity, DNA and RNA code for amino acid sequence of proteins ...
... waterproof coverings, oils, waxes Amino acids Enzymes, membrane transport, movement, receptors, immune defense, structure (muscle, bone) Nucleotides Heredity, DNA and RNA code for amino acid sequence of proteins ...
Preview Sample 1
... evaluate crime scenes, probe sites of natural disasters, reunite adopted individuals with birth parents, test food, and study history. Health Care 1. Genetic information is being incorporated into diagnosis and treatment. 2. Many diseases are the result of complex interactions among genes and enviro ...
... evaluate crime scenes, probe sites of natural disasters, reunite adopted individuals with birth parents, test food, and study history. Health Care 1. Genetic information is being incorporated into diagnosis and treatment. 2. Many diseases are the result of complex interactions among genes and enviro ...
Cloning and sequencing of the S RNA from a Bulgarian isolate of
... proteins encoded by the homologous ORFs were compared and aligned, it became obvious that the changes at the nucleic acid level also led to substantial differences between the two proteins; the TSWV-L3 sequence had an insertion of four amino acids (residue 234) and a deletion of one amino acid (resi ...
... proteins encoded by the homologous ORFs were compared and aligned, it became obvious that the changes at the nucleic acid level also led to substantial differences between the two proteins; the TSWV-L3 sequence had an insertion of four amino acids (residue 234) and a deletion of one amino acid (resi ...
Shotgun DNA sequencing using cloned DNase I
... A method for DNA sequencing has been developed that utilises libraries of cloned randomly-fragmented DNA. The DNA to be sequenced is first subjected to limited attack by a non-specific endonuclease (DNase I in the presence of M n + + ) , fractionated by size and cloned in a single-stranded phage vec ...
... A method for DNA sequencing has been developed that utilises libraries of cloned randomly-fragmented DNA. The DNA to be sequenced is first subjected to limited attack by a non-specific endonuclease (DNase I in the presence of M n + + ) , fractionated by size and cloned in a single-stranded phage vec ...
Word file - UC Davis
... D) 1728 E) 4096 8) You have designed E-Coli such that it can react to light. In the presence of light it generates a white dot, while in the absence of light it generates a black dot. You want to use a bio-film of covered with E-Coli as a synthetic camera. Assuming that the bacteria cover uniformly ...
... D) 1728 E) 4096 8) You have designed E-Coli such that it can react to light. In the presence of light it generates a white dot, while in the absence of light it generates a black dot. You want to use a bio-film of covered with E-Coli as a synthetic camera. Assuming that the bacteria cover uniformly ...
nuclear structure (2): the nucleolus
... (2) The black “dots” on the DNA (at the bottom of each “branch”) are the RNA polymerase molecules. (3) The “branches” are the nascent 45S rRNA molecules. (4) At various locations along each “branch” (each nascent 45S rRNA molecule) are black dots. These are places where proteins have bound. (5) The ...
... (2) The black “dots” on the DNA (at the bottom of each “branch”) are the RNA polymerase molecules. (3) The “branches” are the nascent 45S rRNA molecules. (4) At various locations along each “branch” (each nascent 45S rRNA molecule) are black dots. These are places where proteins have bound. (5) The ...
Deoxyribozyme
_DNAzyme.png?width=300)
Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.