Document
... Science - the investigation of rational concepts that can be evaluated by observations and experimentation. ...
... Science - the investigation of rational concepts that can be evaluated by observations and experimentation. ...
Base Composition and Translational Selection are Insufficient to
... 5.7kb that is translated from subgenomic RNAs, and geminiviruses have one or two circular, ~2.7kb, ambisense genomic segments that are transcribed by host enzymes [23]. Unlike cellular organisms, which share related genes across extremely divergent clades, which can be used as the basis for phylogen ...
... 5.7kb that is translated from subgenomic RNAs, and geminiviruses have one or two circular, ~2.7kb, ambisense genomic segments that are transcribed by host enzymes [23]. Unlike cellular organisms, which share related genes across extremely divergent clades, which can be used as the basis for phylogen ...
Dynamic condensation of linker histone C
... the histone octamer (two copies each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) to form the nucleosome. Linker DNA connects consecutive nucleosomes to form the ‘beadson-a-string array’, which compacts at physiological salt conditions with added linker histones H1/H5. Higher levels of organization ha ...
... the histone octamer (two copies each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) to form the nucleosome. Linker DNA connects consecutive nucleosomes to form the ‘beadson-a-string array’, which compacts at physiological salt conditions with added linker histones H1/H5. Higher levels of organization ha ...
Diagnostic protocol for
... al. 1998). Nested PCR, immunocapture and colorimetric detection of nested PCR products for direct and sensitive detection of Xcc in plants have also been developed (Hartung et al. 1993). ...
... al. 1998). Nested PCR, immunocapture and colorimetric detection of nested PCR products for direct and sensitive detection of Xcc in plants have also been developed (Hartung et al. 1993). ...
BLUEPRINT OF THE CORE TOPICS IN BIOCHEMISTRY
... _B__57. This DNA form is seen in physiologic conditions where the cell is well hydrated: A. A form B. B form C. Z form D. D form _C__58. Regions of the DNA strand that are easily denatured are rich in this base pair: A. GC B. AT C. AU D. CT _D__59. This is the primary function of nucleic acids: A. s ...
... _B__57. This DNA form is seen in physiologic conditions where the cell is well hydrated: A. A form B. B form C. Z form D. D form _C__58. Regions of the DNA strand that are easily denatured are rich in this base pair: A. GC B. AT C. AU D. CT _D__59. This is the primary function of nucleic acids: A. s ...
Uria_et_al_2006 _ADH paper
... quantities that would allow large-scale applications. Using a recently-developed, holistic molecular approach called metagenomics, they can even be accessed from the unculturable microbial world with a genetic diversity of more than 99.8% in most environments, including marine environment (Handelsma ...
... quantities that would allow large-scale applications. Using a recently-developed, holistic molecular approach called metagenomics, they can even be accessed from the unculturable microbial world with a genetic diversity of more than 99.8% in most environments, including marine environment (Handelsma ...
Point Mutation in Intron Sequence Causes Altered Carboxyl
... variable region flanking downstream the PAS domain. The second base of codon 497 (NT 1520) was altered from T to C, resulting in an amino acid change from valine to alanine at the protein level. This point mutation was strain specific, because it did not occur in L-E rats that had the same sequence ...
... variable region flanking downstream the PAS domain. The second base of codon 497 (NT 1520) was altered from T to C, resulting in an amino acid change from valine to alanine at the protein level. This point mutation was strain specific, because it did not occur in L-E rats that had the same sequence ...
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of a Bifunctional
... Fuc3NAc: FdtA, which catalyzes a 3,4-ketoisomerization, FdtB, which functions as a PLP-dependent aminotransferase, and FdtC, which is responsible for the N-acetylation of the C-3′ amino group. Research from our laboratory has shown that the A. thermoaerophilus 3,4-ketoisomerase (FdtA) is a dimer and ...
... Fuc3NAc: FdtA, which catalyzes a 3,4-ketoisomerization, FdtB, which functions as a PLP-dependent aminotransferase, and FdtC, which is responsible for the N-acetylation of the C-3′ amino group. Research from our laboratory has shown that the A. thermoaerophilus 3,4-ketoisomerase (FdtA) is a dimer and ...
From the Department of Zoology, University of
... coarse nuclear structure cause the microfibrils to stick together in clumps. After fixation with osmium, which preserves the fife-like optically homogeneous appearance of nuclei, the microfibrils are separated by a space about equal to their width or larger. The shrinking and swelling of chromosomes ...
... coarse nuclear structure cause the microfibrils to stick together in clumps. After fixation with osmium, which preserves the fife-like optically homogeneous appearance of nuclei, the microfibrils are separated by a space about equal to their width or larger. The shrinking and swelling of chromosomes ...
PDF
... miss genuine similarities, then functional elements could be miss-assigned as non-functional. This uncertainty largely arises due to the unknown pattern of indels (gaps) between the pair of sequences [12]. A solution to this problem is to compute probabilities of alternative alignments according to ...
... miss genuine similarities, then functional elements could be miss-assigned as non-functional. This uncertainty largely arises due to the unknown pattern of indels (gaps) between the pair of sequences [12]. A solution to this problem is to compute probabilities of alternative alignments according to ...
Analysis of DNA transcription termination sequences of gene coding
... valued in medical, agricultural and industrial applications. The proteins involved in the synthesis of PHAs are encoded by the pha gene cluster containing two polymerase genes phaC1 and phaC2, a depolymerase gene phaZ and three regulatory genes phaD, phaF and phaI. Even though the key genes engaged ...
... valued in medical, agricultural and industrial applications. The proteins involved in the synthesis of PHAs are encoded by the pha gene cluster containing two polymerase genes phaC1 and phaC2, a depolymerase gene phaZ and three regulatory genes phaD, phaF and phaI. Even though the key genes engaged ...
COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF CHARGE TRANSFER IN NUCLEOBASE-AROMATIC AMINO ACID COMPLEXES Cristina BUTCHOSA ROBLES
... states are also called electron ”holes”. Electron holes can migrate long distances through the nucleobases stack, due to conductivity properties of DNA. Finally, the cationic charge could be trapped and most probably a mutagenic lesion will be initiated. However, if DNA interacts with a protein or p ...
... states are also called electron ”holes”. Electron holes can migrate long distances through the nucleobases stack, due to conductivity properties of DNA. Finally, the cationic charge could be trapped and most probably a mutagenic lesion will be initiated. However, if DNA interacts with a protein or p ...
Molecular mechanics of the interactions of spermine with DNA: DNA
... 1276 Nucleic Acids Research 4). Thus, compared with the homopolymers, the energy of interaction of spermine is more favorable and the perturbations of the intramolecular structure are greater for the heteropolymer. These results suggest the existence of site and sequence specificity for spermine bi ...
... 1276 Nucleic Acids Research 4). Thus, compared with the homopolymers, the energy of interaction of spermine is more favorable and the perturbations of the intramolecular structure are greater for the heteropolymer. These results suggest the existence of site and sequence specificity for spermine bi ...
Mutation - FSU Biology
... mutations. The exception is reciprocal recombination, where both homologous DNA sequences are broken and rejoined at the same point. This does change the DNA sequence, but its reciprocal nature conserves information. Small-scale alterations of one or a few base pairs are mostly caused by errors in D ...
... mutations. The exception is reciprocal recombination, where both homologous DNA sequences are broken and rejoined at the same point. This does change the DNA sequence, but its reciprocal nature conserves information. Small-scale alterations of one or a few base pairs are mostly caused by errors in D ...
Supporting information S1.
... Supporting information S1. Detailed explanation of plasmids and strains construction The suicide vector pKNG101 was used to introduce the CAT* reporter gene within the Escherichia coli chromosome (Table S2). This plasmid contains a defective pir minus origin of replication (oriR6K), the strAB genes ...
... Supporting information S1. Detailed explanation of plasmids and strains construction The suicide vector pKNG101 was used to introduce the CAT* reporter gene within the Escherichia coli chromosome (Table S2). This plasmid contains a defective pir minus origin of replication (oriR6K), the strAB genes ...
Prediction and investigation of novel proteins in DNA double
... ligation of the broken ends of DNA. The process of NHEJ involves three main protein complexes: Yku70/Yku80 initiates and stabilizes the DNA ends, Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 brings broken ends to close proximity and Dnl4/Lif1/Nej1 ligates the DNA ends. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) has been utilized in fun ...
... ligation of the broken ends of DNA. The process of NHEJ involves three main protein complexes: Yku70/Yku80 initiates and stabilizes the DNA ends, Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 brings broken ends to close proximity and Dnl4/Lif1/Nej1 ligates the DNA ends. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) has been utilized in fun ...
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry
... caspase 8, was superior in its ability to induce apoptosis in two different malignant glioma cell lines. The addition of caspase combinations to cancer cell lines may illicit synergistic results [74]. Recently, small molecule approaches to caspase activation have been demonstrated [75]. In Kurschus ...
... caspase 8, was superior in its ability to induce apoptosis in two different malignant glioma cell lines. The addition of caspase combinations to cancer cell lines may illicit synergistic results [74]. Recently, small molecule approaches to caspase activation have been demonstrated [75]. In Kurschus ...
Approaches to Repeat Finding
... Segmental Duplications - Large blocks of 10-300 kilobases which are that have been copied to another region of the genome. ...
... Segmental Duplications - Large blocks of 10-300 kilobases which are that have been copied to another region of the genome. ...
Development of Co-Dominant Amplified Polymorphic Sequence
... Polymorphism screens for CAPS markers. Each primer set was used to amplify genomic DNA from the parents (i.e., CO39 and RIL29) in 10 separate 50-µl reactions. The 10 reactions then were pooled for polymorphism surveys. In all, 20 to 30 common restriction enzymes were used for each marker. From each ...
... Polymorphism screens for CAPS markers. Each primer set was used to amplify genomic DNA from the parents (i.e., CO39 and RIL29) in 10 separate 50-µl reactions. The 10 reactions then were pooled for polymorphism surveys. In all, 20 to 30 common restriction enzymes were used for each marker. From each ...
Amino acid alterations essential for increasing the catalytic activity of
... for increasing the enzyme activity We have shown that one or more of the four amino acid alterations that occurred in the residues 162-257 region of EII’ are essential for increasing the catalytic activity of 6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase 20-fold and that this effect is enhanced 50-fold by one or ...
... for increasing the enzyme activity We have shown that one or more of the four amino acid alterations that occurred in the residues 162-257 region of EII’ are essential for increasing the catalytic activity of 6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase 20-fold and that this effect is enhanced 50-fold by one or ...
Novel mutants of 23S RNA: characterization of
... poly(U) translation system. In order to reduce the activity of wildtype ribosomes, the assays were carried out in the presence of thiostrepton. Incorporation of both amino acids into peptides was affected by increasing Mg 2+ concentration, the effect on Leu incorporation was more dramatic. As it can ...
... poly(U) translation system. In order to reduce the activity of wildtype ribosomes, the assays were carried out in the presence of thiostrepton. Incorporation of both amino acids into peptides was affected by increasing Mg 2+ concentration, the effect on Leu incorporation was more dramatic. As it can ...
AP Biology Exam
... 30. Which of the following enzymes is best described as an endonuclease? a. Restriction enzyme b. Catalytic enzyme c. Anabolic enzyme d. Reverse transcriptase e. None of the above 31. Which ribosomal subunit promotes the binding of amino acids? a. 40S b. 60S c. 70S d. 90S e. None of the above 32. Wh ...
... 30. Which of the following enzymes is best described as an endonuclease? a. Restriction enzyme b. Catalytic enzyme c. Anabolic enzyme d. Reverse transcriptase e. None of the above 31. Which ribosomal subunit promotes the binding of amino acids? a. 40S b. 60S c. 70S d. 90S e. None of the above 32. Wh ...
Real-time PCR Handbook
... The baseline of the real-time PCR reaction refers to the signal level during the initial cycles of PCR, usually cycles 3 to 15, in which there is little change in fluorescent signal. The low-level signal of the baseline can be equated to the background or the “noise” of the reaction (Figure 2). The ...
... The baseline of the real-time PCR reaction refers to the signal level during the initial cycles of PCR, usually cycles 3 to 15, in which there is little change in fluorescent signal. The low-level signal of the baseline can be equated to the background or the “noise” of the reaction (Figure 2). The ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.