The Metabolic Significance of the Citric Acid Cycle in
... various branches of the cycle. It was possible for them to determine the extent to which decarboxylations in the cycle were responsible for the production of respiratory carbon dioxide. Their methods have the advantage of requiring the isolation of amino acids rather than of minute quantities of tra ...
... various branches of the cycle. It was possible for them to determine the extent to which decarboxylations in the cycle were responsible for the production of respiratory carbon dioxide. Their methods have the advantage of requiring the isolation of amino acids rather than of minute quantities of tra ...
Degradation of Sphingolipids - Edward Dennis
... • Sphingosine can be phosphorylated by sphingosine kinases, ubiquitous enzymes in the cytosol, ER and nucleus to make sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). • Sphingosine-1-phosphate, a lysophospholipid, acts as a potent messenger molecule that operates both intra- and inter-cellularly. • Within the cell, i ...
... • Sphingosine can be phosphorylated by sphingosine kinases, ubiquitous enzymes in the cytosol, ER and nucleus to make sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). • Sphingosine-1-phosphate, a lysophospholipid, acts as a potent messenger molecule that operates both intra- and inter-cellularly. • Within the cell, i ...
Graph Theory Patterns in the Genetic Codes
... occur by different assignments for the codons into one of the amino acids, or a termination codon, or as being unused. The underlying structure of the genetic code has been suggested to influence mRNA sequences through evolutionary selection of RNA secondary structures (SEFFENS and DIGBY , 1999). Th ...
... occur by different assignments for the codons into one of the amino acids, or a termination codon, or as being unused. The underlying structure of the genetic code has been suggested to influence mRNA sequences through evolutionary selection of RNA secondary structures (SEFFENS and DIGBY , 1999). Th ...
The Metamorphosis of the Aleurone Protein Storage Vacuole
... GA-treated cells is likely to form from the coalescence of smaller protein storage vacuoles (Jones and Price, 1970). Several pieces of evidence from electron microscopy studies support this idea. First, protein storage vacuoles are not separate organelles, but are linked by tonoplast connections (Jo ...
... GA-treated cells is likely to form from the coalescence of smaller protein storage vacuoles (Jones and Price, 1970). Several pieces of evidence from electron microscopy studies support this idea. First, protein storage vacuoles are not separate organelles, but are linked by tonoplast connections (Jo ...
Ch16-1 Fatty-acid-and-triacylglycerol
... Free fatty acids can be oxidized by many tissues— particularly liver and muscle—to provide energy. Fatty acids are also structural components of membrane lipids, such as phospholipids and glycolipids. Fatty acids are attached to certain intracellular proteins to enhance the ability of those pr ...
... Free fatty acids can be oxidized by many tissues— particularly liver and muscle—to provide energy. Fatty acids are also structural components of membrane lipids, such as phospholipids and glycolipids. Fatty acids are attached to certain intracellular proteins to enhance the ability of those pr ...
Amino Acid Sequences and Evolutionary Relationships
... demonstrate relationships between similar organisms, they are of little value in determining evolutionary relationships among those structures that are dissimilar. Another technique used to determine evolutionary relationships is to study the biochemical similarity of organisms. Though molds, aardva ...
... demonstrate relationships between similar organisms, they are of little value in determining evolutionary relationships among those structures that are dissimilar. Another technique used to determine evolutionary relationships is to study the biochemical similarity of organisms. Though molds, aardva ...
A Loop Unique to Ferredoxin-Dependent Glutamate Synthases is
... for the wild-type enzyme, despite the fact that DNA sequencing of the gene encoding this variant showed the presence of the expected six histidine codons at its 3’-end and the fact that Western blots of the loopless variant, using an antibody directed against the His-Tag, showed the six histidines ...
... for the wild-type enzyme, despite the fact that DNA sequencing of the gene encoding this variant showed the presence of the expected six histidine codons at its 3’-end and the fact that Western blots of the loopless variant, using an antibody directed against the His-Tag, showed the six histidines ...
Introduction to Lipid Metabolism Roles of Lipids - Rose
... two weeks); in practice, most of the proteins involved have functional roles (in the form of enzymes, contractile proteins, and structural molecules). However, some protein degradation is often necessary to support gluconeogenesis, since acetyl-CoA, the main product of lipid breakdown, cannot be use ...
... two weeks); in practice, most of the proteins involved have functional roles (in the form of enzymes, contractile proteins, and structural molecules). However, some protein degradation is often necessary to support gluconeogenesis, since acetyl-CoA, the main product of lipid breakdown, cannot be use ...
Carbohydrate metabolism2
... MAJOR FEATURES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE S METABOLISM 1.Skeletal muscle functions under both aerobic (resting) and anaerobic (eg, sprinting) conditions, so both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis operate, depending on conditions. 2.Skeletal muscle contains myoglobin as a reservoir of oxygen. 3.Insulin acts ...
... MAJOR FEATURES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE S METABOLISM 1.Skeletal muscle functions under both aerobic (resting) and anaerobic (eg, sprinting) conditions, so both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis operate, depending on conditions. 2.Skeletal muscle contains myoglobin as a reservoir of oxygen. 3.Insulin acts ...
Sensing the fat: Fatty acid metabolism in the
... intact leptin-signaling system is necessary for the effect of C75 on POMC/CART neurons. Despite these differences, the suppressive effect of C75 on food intake is the same in both ob/ob and wildtype lean mice, indicating that the C75 anorectic action is leptin-independent [4,6,22,26,48]. The effect ...
... intact leptin-signaling system is necessary for the effect of C75 on POMC/CART neurons. Despite these differences, the suppressive effect of C75 on food intake is the same in both ob/ob and wildtype lean mice, indicating that the C75 anorectic action is leptin-independent [4,6,22,26,48]. The effect ...
Lactococcus lactis as expression host for the biosynthetic
... the addition of Trp. Glyphosate inhibits the function of the EPSP (enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) [19], which acts upstream in the formation of chorismate, a precursor of all aromatic amino acids. Growth inhibition may result from the limitation of the other aromatic amino acids ...
... the addition of Trp. Glyphosate inhibits the function of the EPSP (enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) [19], which acts upstream in the formation of chorismate, a precursor of all aromatic amino acids. Growth inhibition may result from the limitation of the other aromatic amino acids ...
The Structural Basis of Molecular Adaptation
... problem of studying ancient adaptations. Phylogenies are needed for that. And so, three decades later, the field of molecular adaptation emerges cleaved between phylogenetics and physiological genetics, between history and mechanism, between pattern and process. That this is the case is hardly surpr ...
... problem of studying ancient adaptations. Phylogenies are needed for that. And so, three decades later, the field of molecular adaptation emerges cleaved between phylogenetics and physiological genetics, between history and mechanism, between pattern and process. That this is the case is hardly surpr ...
1 - WordPress.com
... (C) the hydrolysis of ester bonds in triacylglycerols (D) glycerol 3-phosphate in the intestinal epithelial cell (E) pancreatic lipase 35. Which one of the following statements about carnitine acyl transferase is correct? (A) When fasting, decrease the activity of carnitine acyl transferase (B) Uti ...
... (C) the hydrolysis of ester bonds in triacylglycerols (D) glycerol 3-phosphate in the intestinal epithelial cell (E) pancreatic lipase 35. Which one of the following statements about carnitine acyl transferase is correct? (A) When fasting, decrease the activity of carnitine acyl transferase (B) Uti ...
Bactericidal Effects of Natural Tenderizing Enzymes on Escherichia
... (papain and bromelain) against E. coli and L. monocytogenes at three different temperatures (5, 25 and 35°C). Two overnight cultures of E. coli JM109 and L. monocytogenes were separately suspended in 1% peptone water and exposed to a proteolytic enzyme (papain or bromelain) at three different temper ...
... (papain and bromelain) against E. coli and L. monocytogenes at three different temperatures (5, 25 and 35°C). Two overnight cultures of E. coli JM109 and L. monocytogenes were separately suspended in 1% peptone water and exposed to a proteolytic enzyme (papain or bromelain) at three different temper ...
Homeostasis of glucose
... occurs bc the glucose in the tubules that cannot be reabsorbed due to exceeding its Tm acts as a diuretic and pulls water and K+ down with it) this osmotic diuresis depletes the body stores of K+) ...
... occurs bc the glucose in the tubules that cannot be reabsorbed due to exceeding its Tm acts as a diuretic and pulls water and K+ down with it) this osmotic diuresis depletes the body stores of K+) ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.