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SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

... Supplementary Fig. 5. Effects of various salts on the thermostability of purified vcINDY ...
Development of a novel analytical approach combining the quantification of
Development of a novel analytical approach combining the quantification of

... metabolomics and based on chemical monitoring,14 proteomic assessment,15 and spectroscopic techniques10,16–19 have emerged and they have been used, in addition to the morphologic methods or genetic methods,20 to assess embryo viability. These studies have facilitated and improved the effectiveness o ...
The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan lipid
The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan lipid

... & Strominger (1972) about 30 years ago and some of its properties were investigated. Its optimal pH for activity was near 7.5, the enzyme did not require any cation, was stimulated by nonionic Triton detergents, and failed to hydrolyze isopentenyl pyrophosphate. The gene for this activity, however, ...
Characterization and the role of carbonic anhydrase
Characterization and the role of carbonic anhydrase

... In cyanobacteria, for the carbon concentrating mechanism to function, there is an absolute requirement for carbonic anhydrase activity within the carboxysome to convert the bicarbonate to carbon dioxide, and a simultaneous requirement that minimal carbonic anhydrase activity be found within the cyst ...
File - John Robert Warner
File - John Robert Warner

... Be able to provide an overview of what happens as one or more substrates and an enzyme come together so that the catalyzed reaction can occur, and be able to list the properties of enzymes that make their specificity possible. 3. What effects do temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate c ...
Inhibition of Serine Amidohydrolases by Complexes of Vanadate
Inhibition of Serine Amidohydrolases by Complexes of Vanadate

... Serine ␤-lactamases are inhibited by phosphonate monoester monoanions. These compounds phosphonylate the active site serine hydroxyl group to form inert, covalent complexes. Since spontaneous hydrolysis of these phosphonates is generally quite slow, the ␤-lactamase active site must have considerable ...
LIPID MOBILIZATION
LIPID MOBILIZATION

... – tissue specific fatty acid transport proteins (FATP), – plasma membrane bound fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm) ...
Structure and Function of Amino Acid Ammonia
Structure and Function of Amino Acid Ammonia

... been reported to occur in the peptide lantiobiotics such as Nisin (Sahl et al., 1995). Comparison of the primary structures of HAL and PAL from various sources showed that four Ser residues are conserved (Taylor et al. , 1991). When the conserved Ser residues were changed to Ala by sitedirected muta ...
Document
Document

... Be able to provide an overview of what happens as one or more substrates and an enzyme come together so that the catalyzed reaction can occur, and be able to list the properties of enzymes that make their specificity possible. 3. What effects do temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate c ...
Computational protein design enables a novel one
Computational protein design enables a novel one

Industrial biotechnology: Tools and applications
Industrial biotechnology: Tools and applications

... need to engineer and optimize enzyme performance in terms of activity, selectivity on non-natural substrates, thermostability, tolerance toward organic solvents, enantioselectivity, and substrate/ product inhibition in order for the enzymatic process to be commercially viable [6]. There are two gene ...
Evaluation of volatile compounds produced by Lactobacillus
Evaluation of volatile compounds produced by Lactobacillus

... using solid-phase microextraction. Dairy Science & Technology, EDP sciences/Springer, 2013, ...
Metabolism & Enzymes
Metabolism & Enzymes

... required for most biological reactions _____________________________  thousands of different enzymes in cells ...
Turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA can be separated into two distinct
Turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA can be separated into two distinct

... for every two molecules of heavy RNA. When the TYMV RNA was not heated or treated with SDS before being loaded on the gel, little or no 300 000 molecular weight component could be detected. 3 - Preparation of purified heavy and light RNAs In order to prepare large quantities of the purified light an ...
VOLATILE COMPOUNDS AND AMINO ACIDS IN CHEESE
VOLATILE COMPOUNDS AND AMINO ACIDS IN CHEESE

Insights into interactions between poly(ethylene glycol) and proteins
Insights into interactions between poly(ethylene glycol) and proteins

... dextran accelerate the polymerization of actin by increasing the association rates of actin monomers19. Ficoll has been shown to decrease the half-time for the self-assembly of the HIV capsid protein20, to increase the rate of fibrillation of α and β-synuclein21-22, and to enhance the refolding acti ...
The Kinetics of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions
The Kinetics of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions

Mitochondrial metabolite transport
Mitochondrial metabolite transport

... some are present in virtually all tissues, whereas others are tissue-specific, reflecting their importance for special functions. The substrates transported by MCs are mostly negatively charged, but some are positively charged or zwitterions at physiological pH values and greatly vary in structure a ...
COMMUNICATION Engineering the Amine Transaminase from
COMMUNICATION Engineering the Amine Transaminase from

... effort has been undertaken to engineer transaminases of fold class I in such a way that the small binding pocket can accept bulky moieties like an ethyl (Scheme 1, 2b), propyl (3b) or ethanol side chain, albeit with limited success, especially if larger substituents are present.[4b, 5] Recently, we ...
Glycogen Metabolism - http://www.utm.edu
Glycogen Metabolism - http://www.utm.edu

... PEP  pyr  ACoA.) (These AAs are “ketogenic) So, these C’s of xs AA intake (in relation to need for protein synth) are used as fuel, just like dietary CH2O’s, fats. 2. Part (or all) of the C’s of 18 of the AAs can be converted to TCA intermediates, which can be converted to G (TCA int  oxac  PEP ...
Creation/Evolution
Creation/Evolution

... An evolutionary model suggests at least at some level of randomness in assignment of amino acids to codons No mechanism exists for genetic code evolution Thus variation in the genetic code suggests a polyphyletic origin for life Taken together, this evidence indicates the hand of a Designer in the g ...
Divergent Evolution of Function in the ROK Sugar
Divergent Evolution of Function in the ROK Sugar

... ABSTRACT: The D-allose and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine kinases of Escherichia coli K-12 are divergent members of the functionally diverse ROK (repressor, open reading frame, kinase) superfamily. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that AlsK and NanK possess weak phosphoryl transfer activity ...
Product Information Sheet - Sigma
Product Information Sheet - Sigma

... significantly from that of Factor Xa. It cleaves only a single arginyl-isoleucyl bond that links the thrombin A and B chains in the prothrombin and forms a meizothrombin that consists of two polypeptide chains. The meizothrombin autocatalyzes to meizothrombin I and meizothrombin I generates α-thromb ...
Mechanism of Carbanion Stabilization by PLP, Cont`d
Mechanism of Carbanion Stabilization by PLP, Cont`d

... • a-Keto acids are chemically not predisposed towards decarboxylation. This is reflected in much higher temperatures required to effect the above transformation. Nature uses enzymes for this reaction which carry PLP as co-factor. The schemes below shows the decarboxylation of an a-amino acid. ...
promoting training adaptations through nutritional
promoting training adaptations through nutritional

... normal glycogen levels (Wojtasezewski et al. 2003). AMPK is also likely to mediate the contractioninduced increase in glucose uptake (Hayashi et al. 1998) and thus may play a role in promoting postexercise glycogen accumulation in skeletal muscle (Barnes et al. 2005; Carling and Hardie 1989; Sakoda ...
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Proteolysis



Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.
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