Invariant amino acids essential for decoding function of polypeptide
... one aromatic amino acid is exchanged with another one. Here, the decrease of the RF activity is highly selective: no change in response to UAA and UGA but a 3-fold loss of function toward UAG. Clearly, this selective inactivation is not due to damage of binding to the ribosome: two other activities ...
... one aromatic amino acid is exchanged with another one. Here, the decrease of the RF activity is highly selective: no change in response to UAA and UGA but a 3-fold loss of function toward UAG. Clearly, this selective inactivation is not due to damage of binding to the ribosome: two other activities ...
4. characterisation of novel proteins
... spatially and temporally active only in the developing seed. Data generated over three generations confirmed stability of the introduced genetic elements and indicated that the genes are inherited in a predicted manner according to Mendelian principles. Bioinformatic analysis of the insertion site a ...
... spatially and temporally active only in the developing seed. Data generated over three generations confirmed stability of the introduced genetic elements and indicated that the genes are inherited in a predicted manner according to Mendelian principles. Bioinformatic analysis of the insertion site a ...
Creatine kinase: The reactive cysteine is required for synergism but
... C278N. Thus, Cys278 probably provides a negative charge which is directly or indirectly involved in maximizing C K activity. Under near-optimal conditions in the reverse reaction, mutants C278G and C278S showed about an 1l-fold increase inKm(PCr),but only 1.7- and 2.8-fold reductions in V-, respecti ...
... C278N. Thus, Cys278 probably provides a negative charge which is directly or indirectly involved in maximizing C K activity. Under near-optimal conditions in the reverse reaction, mutants C278G and C278S showed about an 1l-fold increase inKm(PCr),but only 1.7- and 2.8-fold reductions in V-, respecti ...
Cell differentiation during sexual development of the
... is essential for ascospore wall formation (32). Another example concerns the P. anserina car1 gene, which encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein that is essential for peroxisomal assembly (3). car1 mutants show an impaired caryogamy leading to a sterile phenotype. From these data the link between in ...
... is essential for ascospore wall formation (32). Another example concerns the P. anserina car1 gene, which encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein that is essential for peroxisomal assembly (3). car1 mutants show an impaired caryogamy leading to a sterile phenotype. From these data the link between in ...
No Slide Title
... Proline does not have a backbone proton*, and thus is not good for helices and strands. Due to the extra covalent bond, proline is already ‘pre-bend’, and thus good for turns. And turns tend to be at the surface. So, even though it is very hydrophobic, Pro often sits at the surface. We call this a f ...
... Proline does not have a backbone proton*, and thus is not good for helices and strands. Due to the extra covalent bond, proline is already ‘pre-bend’, and thus good for turns. And turns tend to be at the surface. So, even though it is very hydrophobic, Pro often sits at the surface. We call this a f ...
Fixation
... and final analyses that are planned. • For example, immunohistochemistry utilizes antibodies which bind to a specific protein target. • Prolonged fixation can chemically mask these targets and prevent antibody binding. In these cases, a 'quick fix' method using cold formalin for around 24 hours is t ...
... and final analyses that are planned. • For example, immunohistochemistry utilizes antibodies which bind to a specific protein target. • Prolonged fixation can chemically mask these targets and prevent antibody binding. In these cases, a 'quick fix' method using cold formalin for around 24 hours is t ...
Document
... • It is essential for the activity of many enzymes. • Bone contains about 50 % of the body’s magnesium. • Dietary intake of magnesium is normally about 250 mg/ day When dietary intake is restricted, renal conservation mechanism are normally so efficient that depletion, if develops at all, comes on v ...
... • It is essential for the activity of many enzymes. • Bone contains about 50 % of the body’s magnesium. • Dietary intake of magnesium is normally about 250 mg/ day When dietary intake is restricted, renal conservation mechanism are normally so efficient that depletion, if develops at all, comes on v ...
Isotope Fractionation: Why Aren`t We What We Eat?
... Nitrogen abundance analysis has been applied to the analysis of trophic level in ecosystems based on the observation that nitrogen abundances increase by about 2‰ with each step up the food chain (Minagawa & Wada, 1984). The discrimination processes that lead to this phenomenon, however, are not wel ...
... Nitrogen abundance analysis has been applied to the analysis of trophic level in ecosystems based on the observation that nitrogen abundances increase by about 2‰ with each step up the food chain (Minagawa & Wada, 1984). The discrimination processes that lead to this phenomenon, however, are not wel ...
Fixation
... and final analyses that are planned. • For example, immunohistochemistry utilizes antibodies which bind to a specific protein target. • Prolonged fixation can chemically mask these targets and prevent antibody binding. In these cases, a 'quick fix' method using cold formalin for around 24 hours is t ...
... and final analyses that are planned. • For example, immunohistochemistry utilizes antibodies which bind to a specific protein target. • Prolonged fixation can chemically mask these targets and prevent antibody binding. In these cases, a 'quick fix' method using cold formalin for around 24 hours is t ...
Role of Na and K in Enzyme Function
... pressure near a set-point value (29, 68). Vasopressin increases the volume of circulating water by acting on renal collecting ducts via activation of V2 receptors. Intracellular trafficking of aquaporin channels directs them to cell membranes and increases cell permeability and reabsorption (3, 113, ...
... pressure near a set-point value (29, 68). Vasopressin increases the volume of circulating water by acting on renal collecting ducts via activation of V2 receptors. Intracellular trafficking of aquaporin channels directs them to cell membranes and increases cell permeability and reabsorption (3, 113, ...
2010 Ruminant Carbohydrate Digestion
... • Components are arranged in concentric spheres in granules – Held together by hydrogen bonds – Bonds limit ability to swell in water and allow access of enzymes to material in center of granules » Digestion proceeds from outside to center of granule – Bolds broken by heating, particularly in water, ...
... • Components are arranged in concentric spheres in granules – Held together by hydrogen bonds – Bonds limit ability to swell in water and allow access of enzymes to material in center of granules » Digestion proceeds from outside to center of granule – Bolds broken by heating, particularly in water, ...
Accumulation of xylem transported protein at pit membranes and
... material. Primary walls are based on cellulose fibre matrices interspersed with up to 800 different types of cell wall proteins (Albenne et al., 2009). The xylem pit membranes are traversed by tortuous pores with mean diameters at around 5 nm, as estimated by perfusion experiments with gold nano par ...
... material. Primary walls are based on cellulose fibre matrices interspersed with up to 800 different types of cell wall proteins (Albenne et al., 2009). The xylem pit membranes are traversed by tortuous pores with mean diameters at around 5 nm, as estimated by perfusion experiments with gold nano par ...
-portal.org Journal of Molecular Biology
... coupled. For the integration of individual TM sequences into the membrane, it is expected that TM segments will preadopt a helical state, 3,4 due to the significant free-energy penalty of embedding an exposed polypeptide backbone into the hydrophobic membrane core. 5 Similarly, the formation of inte ...
... coupled. For the integration of individual TM sequences into the membrane, it is expected that TM segments will preadopt a helical state, 3,4 due to the significant free-energy penalty of embedding an exposed polypeptide backbone into the hydrophobic membrane core. 5 Similarly, the formation of inte ...
Isoleucine Synthesis by Clostridium sporogenes from
... L-ubelling and fractionation of cells. 14C-Labelled compounds were added to exponentially growing cells (10 ml cultures, ODbo0= 0-3),incubated for 4 h (about one generation) and harvested by centrifugation. Cell pellets were extracted twice at 0 "C with 5 ml 10% (w/v) TCA for 15 min, then for 30 min ...
... L-ubelling and fractionation of cells. 14C-Labelled compounds were added to exponentially growing cells (10 ml cultures, ODbo0= 0-3),incubated for 4 h (about one generation) and harvested by centrifugation. Cell pellets were extracted twice at 0 "C with 5 ml 10% (w/v) TCA for 15 min, then for 30 min ...
Friesland Foods Normal
... micro-organisms applied in these products degrade cysteine and methionine, resulting in the production of flavour components such as methanethiol, dimethyl sulphide (DMS), dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS). Insight in the regulatory signals and pathways that control the corr ...
... micro-organisms applied in these products degrade cysteine and methionine, resulting in the production of flavour components such as methanethiol, dimethyl sulphide (DMS), dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS). Insight in the regulatory signals and pathways that control the corr ...
Nucleoside Phosphoramidate Monoesters: Potential
... The accuracy of protein synthesis depends on correct charging of tRNAs with amino acids 1. tRNA synthetases must link tRNAs with their correct amino acids. 2. tRNA synthetases recognize correct amino acids by specific binding to the active site and proofreading. 3. tRNA synthetases recognize correc ...
... The accuracy of protein synthesis depends on correct charging of tRNAs with amino acids 1. tRNA synthetases must link tRNAs with their correct amino acids. 2. tRNA synthetases recognize correct amino acids by specific binding to the active site and proofreading. 3. tRNA synthetases recognize correc ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... Formation of a double bond in a fatty acid involves the following endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins in mammalian cells: NADH-cyt b5 Reductase, a flavoprotein with FAD as prosthetic group. Cytochrome b5, which may be a separate protein or a domain at one end of the desaturase. Desaturase, ...
... Formation of a double bond in a fatty acid involves the following endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins in mammalian cells: NADH-cyt b5 Reductase, a flavoprotein with FAD as prosthetic group. Cytochrome b5, which may be a separate protein or a domain at one end of the desaturase. Desaturase, ...
Human Physiology An Integrated Approach 6/E
... rate, is the disappearance rate of the reactants (A and B) or the appearance rate of the products (C and D). Reaction rate is measured as change in concentration during a certain time period and is often expressed as molarity per second (M/sec). The purpose of chemical reactions in cells is either t ...
... rate, is the disappearance rate of the reactants (A and B) or the appearance rate of the products (C and D). Reaction rate is measured as change in concentration during a certain time period and is often expressed as molarity per second (M/sec). The purpose of chemical reactions in cells is either t ...
Induced-fit of the peptidyl-transferase center of the
... or the 3' end of a tRNA, the base triplet C1C2Pm or C74C75A76 squeezes in between U2555 (on which C1/74 stacks) and G2583 (with which Pm/A76 forms an A minor interaction) (Schmeing et al. 2005a; Voorhees et al. 2009). This compression is resolved through the breakage of the G2583-U2506 base pair, tr ...
... or the 3' end of a tRNA, the base triplet C1C2Pm or C74C75A76 squeezes in between U2555 (on which C1/74 stacks) and G2583 (with which Pm/A76 forms an A minor interaction) (Schmeing et al. 2005a; Voorhees et al. 2009). This compression is resolved through the breakage of the G2583-U2506 base pair, tr ...
biosynthesis
... - wide tissue distribution including pancreatic juice - liberates PUFA from sn-2 position of PL important part of eicosanoid biosynthesis - part of defense against bacteria, viruses (attack of membranes) - can hydrolyze oxidized PUFAs in PL - inhibited by glucocorticoids - PLA2 in snake venom – gene ...
... - wide tissue distribution including pancreatic juice - liberates PUFA from sn-2 position of PL important part of eicosanoid biosynthesis - part of defense against bacteria, viruses (attack of membranes) - can hydrolyze oxidized PUFAs in PL - inhibited by glucocorticoids - PLA2 in snake venom – gene ...
The Copper Efflux Regulator CueR Is Subject to ATP
... ions (holo-CueR), induces the expression of copA and cueO by binding to their promoter regions which induces torsional transformations in the DNA conformation (Changela et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2003; Stoyanov and Brown, 2003; Philips et al., 2015). By kinks and undertwisting, the DNA switches from ...
... ions (holo-CueR), induces the expression of copA and cueO by binding to their promoter regions which induces torsional transformations in the DNA conformation (Changela et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2003; Stoyanov and Brown, 2003; Philips et al., 2015). By kinks and undertwisting, the DNA switches from ...
A B23-interacting sequence as a tool to visualize protein interactions
... contrary to other nucleolar proteins such as Nopp140, nucleolin, the other major nucleolar protein, and Nop52. The interaction between B23 and the NoLS is direct, as demonstrated by GST-NoLS pull-down assays performed on purified B23 (Fig. 2B). To determine the region within B23 required for B23-NoL ...
... contrary to other nucleolar proteins such as Nopp140, nucleolin, the other major nucleolar protein, and Nop52. The interaction between B23 and the NoLS is direct, as demonstrated by GST-NoLS pull-down assays performed on purified B23 (Fig. 2B). To determine the region within B23 required for B23-NoL ...
Lecture 29
... Purine binding proteins (“the purine proteome”) comprise a family of 3-4,000 Proteins and as much as 50% of all druggable targets in biology. Kinases Helicases Reductases Transferases Synthetases Dehydrogenases Chaperones Metabolic Enzymes DNA and RNA processing Etc ...
... Purine binding proteins (“the purine proteome”) comprise a family of 3-4,000 Proteins and as much as 50% of all druggable targets in biology. Kinases Helicases Reductases Transferases Synthetases Dehydrogenases Chaperones Metabolic Enzymes DNA and RNA processing Etc ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.