Jasmonate Biosynthesis, Perception and Function in Plant
... acid) as well as C16-PUFA (hexadecatrienoic acid), in the latter case the intermediate is the so-called dinor-OPDA that may also be metabolized to JA. JA can be further enzymatically converted into numerous derivatives or conjugates, some of which have well-described biological activity such as free ...
... acid) as well as C16-PUFA (hexadecatrienoic acid), in the latter case the intermediate is the so-called dinor-OPDA that may also be metabolized to JA. JA can be further enzymatically converted into numerous derivatives or conjugates, some of which have well-described biological activity such as free ...
Biochemistry2 2016 Lecture Glycogen Metabolism
... Auto-inhibited kinases have either an N or C terminal pseudo-substrate sequence. It make the active site inaccessible to substrate. The CaM subunit binds near the auto-inhibitory sequence and the activation of CaM by binding Ca+2, binds to the auto-inhibitory sequence and it opens up the access to t ...
... Auto-inhibited kinases have either an N or C terminal pseudo-substrate sequence. It make the active site inaccessible to substrate. The CaM subunit binds near the auto-inhibitory sequence and the activation of CaM by binding Ca+2, binds to the auto-inhibitory sequence and it opens up the access to t ...
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase: Closure of the B
... 933, respectively) are topologically similar but not identical to one another as can be seen in Figure 2a. This observation is in full accord with the different biochemical functions required of these two synthetase components. Each one of these two active sites must utilize Mg2+ATP to phosphorylate ...
... 933, respectively) are topologically similar but not identical to one another as can be seen in Figure 2a. This observation is in full accord with the different biochemical functions required of these two synthetase components. Each one of these two active sites must utilize Mg2+ATP to phosphorylate ...
Amino Acid and Peptide Immobilization on Oxidized Nanocellulose
... mechanical treatment, acid hydrolysis, and catalyzed oxidation [6–14]. Unfortunately mechanical treatment requires a large amount of energy, and the resulting products consist mainly of bundles of microfibrils [6,15], while acid hydrolysis depolymerizes the cellulose chains and yields a dramatic dec ...
... mechanical treatment, acid hydrolysis, and catalyzed oxidation [6–14]. Unfortunately mechanical treatment requires a large amount of energy, and the resulting products consist mainly of bundles of microfibrils [6,15], while acid hydrolysis depolymerizes the cellulose chains and yields a dramatic dec ...
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[W][OA] - Plant Physiology
... and Zhang, 2010). The exine is then formed by sequential polymerization of sporopollenin, which consists of phenols and fatty acid derivatives (Morant et al., 2007; Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011; Li and Zhang, 2010). During the tetrad stage, sporopollenin is deposited onto the primexine. Once that firs ...
... and Zhang, 2010). The exine is then formed by sequential polymerization of sporopollenin, which consists of phenols and fatty acid derivatives (Morant et al., 2007; Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011; Li and Zhang, 2010). During the tetrad stage, sporopollenin is deposited onto the primexine. Once that firs ...
Attachment 1 - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... using Gene Technology, requires that GM foods undergo a pre-market safety assessment before they may be sold in Australia and New Zealand. Soybean MON 89788 has been genetically modified to be tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate. FSANZ has undertaken a safety assessment of glyphosate-tolerant soybe ...
... using Gene Technology, requires that GM foods undergo a pre-market safety assessment before they may be sold in Australia and New Zealand. Soybean MON 89788 has been genetically modified to be tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate. FSANZ has undertaken a safety assessment of glyphosate-tolerant soybe ...
ANTIBIOTICS
... tetracycline (TC) are produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces aureofaciens, whereas oxytetracycline (OTC) and tetracycline by the actinomycete Streptomyces rimosus. For a more extensive coverage of research, articles by Běhal et al. (1983), Běhal (1987) and Běhal and Hunter (1995) should be consul ...
... tetracycline (TC) are produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces aureofaciens, whereas oxytetracycline (OTC) and tetracycline by the actinomycete Streptomyces rimosus. For a more extensive coverage of research, articles by Běhal et al. (1983), Běhal (1987) and Běhal and Hunter (1995) should be consul ...
Site-directed mutagenesis of key amino acids in the active site of
... N, A, B, B’ and C (Fig. 1) (SKOV et al., 2001). Domains A, B and C are characteristic of family 13 whereas the two additional domains, N and B’, are unique. Domain A (residues 98–184, 261–395 and 461–550) is the characteristic (β/α)8 -barrel catalytic domain. In the α-amylase family, the conserved c ...
... N, A, B, B’ and C (Fig. 1) (SKOV et al., 2001). Domains A, B and C are characteristic of family 13 whereas the two additional domains, N and B’, are unique. Domain A (residues 98–184, 261–395 and 461–550) is the characteristic (β/α)8 -barrel catalytic domain. In the α-amylase family, the conserved c ...
Ch 6 LIPID METABOLISM - FORMATTED - NSDL
... In this section we will take you through Stage 1; for details of Stages 2 and 3 we refer you to chapters 5 and 9 respectively. Stage I has the primary objective of producing C-2 units, viz. acetyl-CoA. Subsequently the acetyl-CoA is processed by the TCA cycle and the electron transport chain to ensu ...
... In this section we will take you through Stage 1; for details of Stages 2 and 3 we refer you to chapters 5 and 9 respectively. Stage I has the primary objective of producing C-2 units, viz. acetyl-CoA. Subsequently the acetyl-CoA is processed by the TCA cycle and the electron transport chain to ensu ...
OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS (LIPOLYSIS) Fatty acids stored in
... which occurs in the mitochondria. However α and ω also occur,βoxidation of fatty is the most important pathway for fatty acid oxidation. The initial event in the utilization of fat as an energy source is the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol .This process is initiated by hormonesensitive lipase (HSL), w ...
... which occurs in the mitochondria. However α and ω also occur,βoxidation of fatty is the most important pathway for fatty acid oxidation. The initial event in the utilization of fat as an energy source is the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol .This process is initiated by hormonesensitive lipase (HSL), w ...
Energy Substrate Metabolism in - Journal of Clinical Investigation
... For the metabolic conversion of long-chain fatty acids to C02, activation of the fatty acid to fatty acyl CoA, and transesterification of the latter with (-) -carnitine to form fatty acyl carnitine, appear to be prerequisite extramitochondrial events in many cells (21-24). Since the availability of ...
... For the metabolic conversion of long-chain fatty acids to C02, activation of the fatty acid to fatty acyl CoA, and transesterification of the latter with (-) -carnitine to form fatty acyl carnitine, appear to be prerequisite extramitochondrial events in many cells (21-24). Since the availability of ...
20 Insulin Secretion and Action
... apoptosis in experimental mice, suggesting that the diabetes associated with Friedreich ataxia may be owing to decreased β-cell mass. Wolframin, an endoplasmic protein that is defective in Wolfram syndrome (diabetes, blindness, and deafness at early childhood), appears to protect β-cells from apopto ...
... apoptosis in experimental mice, suggesting that the diabetes associated with Friedreich ataxia may be owing to decreased β-cell mass. Wolframin, an endoplasmic protein that is defective in Wolfram syndrome (diabetes, blindness, and deafness at early childhood), appears to protect β-cells from apopto ...
Control of Fatty-Acid Biosynthesis by Long
... CoA a very unlikely candidate for a physiological agent of control. Irrespective of these difficulties, the problem exists in fatty acid biosynthesis to transport palmitoylCoA molecules from their place of synthesis (fatty acid synthetase) to the subsequent enzymes of lipid biosynthesis. In a recent ...
... CoA a very unlikely candidate for a physiological agent of control. Irrespective of these difficulties, the problem exists in fatty acid biosynthesis to transport palmitoylCoA molecules from their place of synthesis (fatty acid synthetase) to the subsequent enzymes of lipid biosynthesis. In a recent ...
CHRYSAORA QUINQUECIRRHA) Research Article
... Collagen is a natural material of low immunogenicity [12]. Many pharmaceutical applications are known for collagen, e.g. shields, injectable dispersions, sponges and microparticles [13]. Furthermore, collagen is used as a moisturizer in cosmetic creams [14]. Moisturizers are employed for the therapy ...
... Collagen is a natural material of low immunogenicity [12]. Many pharmaceutical applications are known for collagen, e.g. shields, injectable dispersions, sponges and microparticles [13]. Furthermore, collagen is used as a moisturizer in cosmetic creams [14]. Moisturizers are employed for the therapy ...
Outer Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Export of
... showed that PrtV was important for the survival of V. cholerae against the grazing by the flagellate Cafeteria roenbergensis and the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis [8]. PrtV causes tissue damage by directly degrading substrate proteins in host tissues, thereby inducing cell rounding and detachment o ...
... showed that PrtV was important for the survival of V. cholerae against the grazing by the flagellate Cafeteria roenbergensis and the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis [8]. PrtV causes tissue damage by directly degrading substrate proteins in host tissues, thereby inducing cell rounding and detachment o ...
Metabolism of acyl‐lipids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
... et al., 2012; Nguyen et al., 2013; Pflaster et al., 2014), and the composition and biosynthesis of FA in this organism was determined initially and investigated experimentally in the late 1980s (Giroud and Eichenberger, 1988; Giroud et al., 1988). Chlamydomonas FA compositions share features typical ...
... et al., 2012; Nguyen et al., 2013; Pflaster et al., 2014), and the composition and biosynthesis of FA in this organism was determined initially and investigated experimentally in the late 1980s (Giroud and Eichenberger, 1988; Giroud et al., 1988). Chlamydomonas FA compositions share features typical ...
DOC-file of additional text
... acid, pyridoxine, biotin and folic acid to its host18, genomic data suggest that it has also retained the ability to synthesize some additional cofactors (e.g. protohaeme 19, 20, ubiquinone20). To explore systematically the set of cofactors most likely synthesized by Wigglesworthia, given its gene c ...
... acid, pyridoxine, biotin and folic acid to its host18, genomic data suggest that it has also retained the ability to synthesize some additional cofactors (e.g. protohaeme 19, 20, ubiquinone20). To explore systematically the set of cofactors most likely synthesized by Wigglesworthia, given its gene c ...
1 Regulation of Substrate Oxidation Preferences in Muscle by the
... 3C). As a control, we confirmed previous findings (3; 29) that mRNA and protein levels of PDK4 are upregulated with fasting (Fig. 3B and 3C). Alteration of protein abundance is a key mechanism in the regulation of PDK4 activity (3). Thus, in AdrKO, PDK4 activity is expected to increase, contributing ...
... 3C). As a control, we confirmed previous findings (3; 29) that mRNA and protein levels of PDK4 are upregulated with fasting (Fig. 3B and 3C). Alteration of protein abundance is a key mechanism in the regulation of PDK4 activity (3). Thus, in AdrKO, PDK4 activity is expected to increase, contributing ...
The Genetic Code and RNA-Amino Acid Affinities
... Usually, one can define nucleotides essential to RNA site functions using straightforward biochemical criteria. Such nucleotides are conserved in independent isolates; protected or sensitized to chemical probes by interaction with specific RNA ligands; or alter RNA activities if they are previously ...
... Usually, one can define nucleotides essential to RNA site functions using straightforward biochemical criteria. Such nucleotides are conserved in independent isolates; protected or sensitized to chemical probes by interaction with specific RNA ligands; or alter RNA activities if they are previously ...
Kinetics and mechanisms of reactions catalyzed by
... polymer and consequently creating a multiplicity of binding sites; although breakage of contact at a single site is likely to occur, desorption via simultaneous detachment of the protein segments from all binding sites is an extremely improbable event [47]. It has been reported that hyperactivation ...
... polymer and consequently creating a multiplicity of binding sites; although breakage of contact at a single site is likely to occur, desorption via simultaneous detachment of the protein segments from all binding sites is an extremely improbable event [47]. It has been reported that hyperactivation ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.