Population Ecology
... food. The population size dwindled to the point that pigeons could no longer form the large colonies they required to breed effectively, so they became extinct. 5. Describe how you could determine the population size of a specific type of plant in a large forest without counting all of the pla ...
... food. The population size dwindled to the point that pigeons could no longer form the large colonies they required to breed effectively, so they became extinct. 5. Describe how you could determine the population size of a specific type of plant in a large forest without counting all of the pla ...
Population demographics and trade
... 1998; Sakai et al. 2001). Fast growth rates reflect rapid acquisition and allocation of resources, which enable a species to swiftly establish a population following colonization. While life-history theory predicts a trade-off between high reproduction and growth rates (Stearns 1992), research examini ...
... 1998; Sakai et al. 2001). Fast growth rates reflect rapid acquisition and allocation of resources, which enable a species to swiftly establish a population following colonization. While life-history theory predicts a trade-off between high reproduction and growth rates (Stearns 1992), research examini ...
Eco-evolutionary buffering: rapid evolution facilitates regional
... In our model, there are n patches, each of which is always fully occupied by a local community of k individuals, i.e., there is never any empty space in the patches. We assume patches are small ...
... In our model, there are n patches, each of which is always fully occupied by a local community of k individuals, i.e., there is never any empty space in the patches. We assume patches are small ...
Species interactions, local and regional processes, and limits to the
... Spatio-temporal heterogeneity and/or environmental uncertainty are important conditions for coexistence in all of these models, although as far as we are aware, they have not previously been gathered together in this way. In (1), species persist because random walks to extinction are exceedingly slo ...
... Spatio-temporal heterogeneity and/or environmental uncertainty are important conditions for coexistence in all of these models, although as far as we are aware, they have not previously been gathered together in this way. In (1), species persist because random walks to extinction are exceedingly slo ...
Biodiversity and Species Extinctions in Model Food Webs Charlotte Borrvall
... belonging of the species going extinct) are here shown to be affected by which species that initially is lost from the community. In particular, secondary extinctions resulting from initial deletion of top predators occur much faster compared with extinctions following deletion of species from other ...
... belonging of the species going extinct) are here shown to be affected by which species that initially is lost from the community. In particular, secondary extinctions resulting from initial deletion of top predators occur much faster compared with extinctions following deletion of species from other ...
Fine-scale community and genetic structure are tightly linked in
... level in these communities, there was a strong main effect of genotype on plant biomass [14]. For two of these species (Koeleria macrantha and Succisa pratensis), the hierarchy in genotype biomass was consistent between communities varying in levels of experimentally manipulated species diversity an ...
... level in these communities, there was a strong main effect of genotype on plant biomass [14]. For two of these species (Koeleria macrantha and Succisa pratensis), the hierarchy in genotype biomass was consistent between communities varying in levels of experimentally manipulated species diversity an ...
Mathematical Modelling Of Ecological Networks, Structure and
... abstract of some significant aspect of true ecological situation. In this paper, we put some models where the parameters of the biological growth model systematically change over time. The growth rate of the predator depends upon predation on the modeled and alternate prey. Two stable equilibrium se ...
... abstract of some significant aspect of true ecological situation. In this paper, we put some models where the parameters of the biological growth model systematically change over time. The growth rate of the predator depends upon predation on the modeled and alternate prey. Two stable equilibrium se ...
Population structure and species dynamics of Spisula
... The population structure, dynamics and distribution of Spisula solida, Diogenes pugilator and Branchiostoma lanceolatum, common species in the south coast of Portugal, were studied in a spatialetemporal manner in order to understand the influence of cross-shore sediment transport and anthropogenic a ...
... The population structure, dynamics and distribution of Spisula solida, Diogenes pugilator and Branchiostoma lanceolatum, common species in the south coast of Portugal, were studied in a spatialetemporal manner in order to understand the influence of cross-shore sediment transport and anthropogenic a ...
Ecological Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Higher Plants
... design and variance is known. The power of a test will increase with an increased number of replicates. In some cases additional pretrials are needed to estimate the level of statistical variation. For methods, see standard statistics textbooks, e.g.Sokal and Rohlf (1995) and Cohen (1988). The effec ...
... design and variance is known. The power of a test will increase with an increased number of replicates. In some cases additional pretrials are needed to estimate the level of statistical variation. For methods, see standard statistics textbooks, e.g.Sokal and Rohlf (1995) and Cohen (1988). The effec ...
How parasites affect interactions between competitors and predators
... parasite–host relationships; one reason being that concepts from foraging theory and behavioural ecology have seldom been applied to parasites. For instance, there is no obvious analogue for parasites of handling time or predator functional response. Nevertheless, as parasites rarely kill their host ...
... parasite–host relationships; one reason being that concepts from foraging theory and behavioural ecology have seldom been applied to parasites. For instance, there is no obvious analogue for parasites of handling time or predator functional response. Nevertheless, as parasites rarely kill their host ...
A meta-analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions
... success of exotic invasions. Although resistance is a well-accepted phenomenon, less clear are the processes that contribute most to it, and whether those processes are strong enough to completely repel invaders. Current perceptions of strong, competition-driven biotic resistance stem from classic e ...
... success of exotic invasions. Although resistance is a well-accepted phenomenon, less clear are the processes that contribute most to it, and whether those processes are strong enough to completely repel invaders. Current perceptions of strong, competition-driven biotic resistance stem from classic e ...
CONCEPTUAL SYNTHESIS IN COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
... One important manifestation of this mess is that textbook treatments of community ecology and their associated university courses—that is, the vehicles by which the subject matter is taught to students— have a structure whose logic is not easy to discern. Section or chapter topics typically fall loo ...
... One important manifestation of this mess is that textbook treatments of community ecology and their associated university courses—that is, the vehicles by which the subject matter is taught to students— have a structure whose logic is not easy to discern. Section or chapter topics typically fall loo ...
Evolutionary relatedness does not predict competition and co
... number of studies, performed in a wide variety of systems, have shown that evolutionary relationships do not predict the nature of interactions among species [1,14–21]. Venail et al. [17] recently summarized 20 experimental tests (see their table 1) and found that only six studies to date provided c ...
... number of studies, performed in a wide variety of systems, have shown that evolutionary relationships do not predict the nature of interactions among species [1,14–21]. Venail et al. [17] recently summarized 20 experimental tests (see their table 1) and found that only six studies to date provided c ...
Holism and reductionism in biology and ecology Looijen
... levels of organization, whereas those who deny their existence (for that is what their position actually boils down to) naturally argue that research at these levels is pointless. Incidentally, within the former position a distinction can be made between those who do see a certain relevance of lower ...
... levels of organization, whereas those who deny their existence (for that is what their position actually boils down to) naturally argue that research at these levels is pointless. Incidentally, within the former position a distinction can be made between those who do see a certain relevance of lower ...
Ashton, P.M.S., and Larson, B.C. 1996. Germination and seedling
... ANOVAs were done separately for each site. However, a one-way ANOVA was done to test if the two sites (valley, ridgetop) were different from each other overall. It should also be noted that no one plot for a gap/canopy condition, therefore, had the same radiation regime as somewhere else within the ...
... ANOVAs were done separately for each site. However, a one-way ANOVA was done to test if the two sites (valley, ridgetop) were different from each other overall. It should also be noted that no one plot for a gap/canopy condition, therefore, had the same radiation regime as somewhere else within the ...
How variation between individuals affects species coexistence
... amount of intraspecific variation, and we relax this assumption in a subsequent analysis. We describe individual variation in competitive sensitivity with symmetric, four-parameter beta distributions, which allows us to define reasonable positive minimum and maximum values for r (Appendix S3). Our q ...
... amount of intraspecific variation, and we relax this assumption in a subsequent analysis. We describe individual variation in competitive sensitivity with symmetric, four-parameter beta distributions, which allows us to define reasonable positive minimum and maximum values for r (Appendix S3). Our q ...
Limiting Factors Reading
... Others may obtain just enough to live but not enough to enable them to raise offspring. Still others may starve to death or die from lack of shelter. Thus, competition can lower birthrates, increase death rates, or both. Competition is a density-dependent limiting factor, because the more individual ...
... Others may obtain just enough to live but not enough to enable them to raise offspring. Still others may starve to death or die from lack of shelter. Thus, competition can lower birthrates, increase death rates, or both. Competition is a density-dependent limiting factor, because the more individual ...
conceptual synthesis in community ecology
... In response to the emphasis on local-scale selective processes almost to the exclusion of other factors, Ricklefs (1987) and others (Brown 1995; chapters in Ricklefs and Schluter 1993) argued for and successfully sparked a shift in emphasis in community ecology to a more inclusive approach, explicit ...
... In response to the emphasis on local-scale selective processes almost to the exclusion of other factors, Ricklefs (1987) and others (Brown 1995; chapters in Ricklefs and Schluter 1993) argued for and successfully sparked a shift in emphasis in community ecology to a more inclusive approach, explicit ...
Oscillations in age-structured models of consumer
... System (1) is a generalization of the ODE model (2.1) of Wang and DeAngelis [26] on uni-directional consumerresource interactions. As pointed out by Wang et al. [27], such interactions may be modeled by age-structured models. This is the motivation of this article. Moreover, Wang and DeAngelis [26] ...
... System (1) is a generalization of the ODE model (2.1) of Wang and DeAngelis [26] on uni-directional consumerresource interactions. As pointed out by Wang et al. [27], such interactions may be modeled by age-structured models. This is the motivation of this article. Moreover, Wang and DeAngelis [26] ...