Singlespecies metapopulation dynamics
... Let us return to the Levins model. It makes two important simplifying assumptions: (1) there is no spatial correlation in the state (occupied or not) of habitat patches (the ‘zero-correlation’ assumption), and (2) there are only two states, presence and absence (the ‘discrete-state’ assumption with ...
... Let us return to the Levins model. It makes two important simplifying assumptions: (1) there is no spatial correlation in the state (occupied or not) of habitat patches (the ‘zero-correlation’ assumption), and (2) there are only two states, presence and absence (the ‘discrete-state’ assumption with ...
3 - ICFCST
... In this area, it has been retained plots of oak forests established beginning with the middle of XVII century. The age of Quercus robur is evaluated as reaching no less than 300 years. These forest plots have a multistory structure and a wide diversity of plant species. Outbreaks of Porthetria dispa ...
... In this area, it has been retained plots of oak forests established beginning with the middle of XVII century. The age of Quercus robur is evaluated as reaching no less than 300 years. These forest plots have a multistory structure and a wide diversity of plant species. Outbreaks of Porthetria dispa ...
Asymmetric larval interactions between introduced and indigenous
... fourth instars reared in all four possible pairings for mixed species combinations (e.g., a second instar of both species, or a second instar of one and a fourth instar of the other), and reared in all three possible pairings for single species combinations (e.g., CT+CT). For each type of pairing, w ...
... fourth instars reared in all four possible pairings for mixed species combinations (e.g., a second instar of both species, or a second instar of one and a fourth instar of the other), and reared in all three possible pairings for single species combinations (e.g., CT+CT). For each type of pairing, w ...
A GENERAL HYPOTHESIS OF SPECIES DIVERSITY Many
... among competitors, and thus the maintenance of diversity. When competitive equilibrium is prevented by fluctuating conditions, population reductions, or other factors, diversity among competitors should be strongly influenced by the rate of competitive displacement. Diversity should be high for comm ...
... among competitors, and thus the maintenance of diversity. When competitive equilibrium is prevented by fluctuating conditions, population reductions, or other factors, diversity among competitors should be strongly influenced by the rate of competitive displacement. Diversity should be high for comm ...
Maureen McClung - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... presented populations of cadmium-intolerant Drosophila melanogaster with both cadmium-free and cadmium-laced media. He found that populations experiencing high competition (high density) were more likely to develop cadmium-tolerant flies after several generations since there was less competition for ...
... presented populations of cadmium-intolerant Drosophila melanogaster with both cadmium-free and cadmium-laced media. He found that populations experiencing high competition (high density) were more likely to develop cadmium-tolerant flies after several generations since there was less competition for ...
Maureen McClung - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... presented populations of cadmium-intolerant Drosophila melanogaster with both cadmium-free and cadmium-laced media. He found that populations experiencing high competition (high density) were more likely to develop cadmium-tolerant flies after several generations since there was less competition for ...
... presented populations of cadmium-intolerant Drosophila melanogaster with both cadmium-free and cadmium-laced media. He found that populations experiencing high competition (high density) were more likely to develop cadmium-tolerant flies after several generations since there was less competition for ...
Benthic use of phytoplankton blooms: Agnes M. L. Karlson
... species richness and ecosystem functioning are: (i) niche/trait differentiation, (ii) facilitation and (iii) the selection or dominance effect. The niche is often represented as an n-dimensional space, consisting of environmental conditions, resource levels and densities of other organisms, together ...
... species richness and ecosystem functioning are: (i) niche/trait differentiation, (ii) facilitation and (iii) the selection or dominance effect. The niche is often represented as an n-dimensional space, consisting of environmental conditions, resource levels and densities of other organisms, together ...
Basic and Applied Ecology
... Whilst it is important to seek strictly ecological explanations for the occupancy-abundance relationship, it is also clear that such a pattern is expected from a variety of models of the spatial distribution of individuals (Wright 1991, Hanski et al. 1993, Hartley 1998, He & Gaston 2000a, b). Indeed ...
... Whilst it is important to seek strictly ecological explanations for the occupancy-abundance relationship, it is also clear that such a pattern is expected from a variety of models of the spatial distribution of individuals (Wright 1991, Hanski et al. 1993, Hartley 1998, He & Gaston 2000a, b). Indeed ...
Food webs in space: On the interplay of dynamic instability and
... unstable dynamics can lead to additional phenomena at the landscape level, such as alternative equilibria. I will illustrate this possibility using a metapopulation model for a food chain (Holt 1997a). Consider a ‘metacommunity’ in which each patch in a landscape can be in one of these three states: ...
... unstable dynamics can lead to additional phenomena at the landscape level, such as alternative equilibria. I will illustrate this possibility using a metapopulation model for a food chain (Holt 1997a). Consider a ‘metacommunity’ in which each patch in a landscape can be in one of these three states: ...
Slide 1
... hosts); typically much larger and have longer generation times than microparasites; immune response in hosts is typically absent or very shortlived; infections are often chronic as hosts are continually reinfected; examples include: helminths and arthropods Parasitoids – insects whose larvae develop ...
... hosts); typically much larger and have longer generation times than microparasites; immune response in hosts is typically absent or very shortlived; infections are often chronic as hosts are continually reinfected; examples include: helminths and arthropods Parasitoids – insects whose larvae develop ...
Evolution in ecological field experiments: implications for effect size
... in both short-term and long-term field experiments [sometimes equated with !pulse" and !press" experiments, respectively (Bender et al. 1984)]. Short-term experiments, defined here as manipulations that are imposed within a generation, show the immediate response of a population to the treatment, an ...
... in both short-term and long-term field experiments [sometimes equated with !pulse" and !press" experiments, respectively (Bender et al. 1984)]. Short-term experiments, defined here as manipulations that are imposed within a generation, show the immediate response of a population to the treatment, an ...
outstanding the plants sharply distinguished: is always - UvA-DARE
... action increases these communities become in the water-level. ...
... action increases these communities become in the water-level. ...
Extinction or Survival? Behavioral Flexibility in Response
... Behavioral flexibility is advantageous under spatial and/or temporal heterogeneity ([58,62], Table 2) and evolves when the fitness benefits outweigh the costs [63]. For example, many species of tadpoles change their activity levels in response to increased perceived predation risk [64] and the numbe ...
... Behavioral flexibility is advantageous under spatial and/or temporal heterogeneity ([58,62], Table 2) and evolves when the fitness benefits outweigh the costs [63]. For example, many species of tadpoles change their activity levels in response to increased perceived predation risk [64] and the numbe ...
Extinction or Survival? Behavioral Flexibility in Response
... Behavioral flexibility is advantageous under spatial and/or temporal heterogeneity ([58,62], Table 2) and evolves when the fitness benefits outweigh the costs [63]. For example, many species of tadpoles change their activity levels in response to increased perceived predation risk [64] and the numbe ...
... Behavioral flexibility is advantageous under spatial and/or temporal heterogeneity ([58,62], Table 2) and evolves when the fitness benefits outweigh the costs [63]. For example, many species of tadpoles change their activity levels in response to increased perceived predation risk [64] and the numbe ...
Evolution in metacommunities - Philosophical Transactions of the
... (single-species propagule pool), or they may consist of multi-species assemblages (multi-species propagule pools; figure 1). As with the single-species migration structure, the pattern of migration of communities can profoundly affect the response to selection. The importance of this distinction bet ...
... (single-species propagule pool), or they may consist of multi-species assemblages (multi-species propagule pools; figure 1). As with the single-species migration structure, the pattern of migration of communities can profoundly affect the response to selection. The importance of this distinction bet ...
Hillebrand et al. 2008 Ecology - NCEAS
... et al. 2007) responses, there is agreement that species invasions are an important factor driving changes in dominance patterns (Woitke and Dietz 2002). Furthermore, successful invasions resulting from exotic species with functional traits that are different from those of the dominant native species ...
... et al. 2007) responses, there is agreement that species invasions are an important factor driving changes in dominance patterns (Woitke and Dietz 2002). Furthermore, successful invasions resulting from exotic species with functional traits that are different from those of the dominant native species ...
Environmental heterogeneity, species diversity and
... account for negative heterogeneity–diversity relationships (HDR) revealed in several case studies. Here we explore how HDR varies at different spatial scales and provide novel theories for small-scale species co-existence that explain both positive and negative HDR. At large spatial scales of hetero ...
... account for negative heterogeneity–diversity relationships (HDR) revealed in several case studies. Here we explore how HDR varies at different spatial scales and provide novel theories for small-scale species co-existence that explain both positive and negative HDR. At large spatial scales of hetero ...
Effects of trophic similarity on community composition
... The tendency of co-occurring species to be more or less trophically similar than expected under a random assembly model can be interpreted in terms of community assembly processes, such as how competitive exclusion may structure community composition (Fig. 1). Combining analyses of fundamental and r ...
... The tendency of co-occurring species to be more or less trophically similar than expected under a random assembly model can be interpreted in terms of community assembly processes, such as how competitive exclusion may structure community composition (Fig. 1). Combining analyses of fundamental and r ...
press perturbations and the predictability of ecological interactions
... manipulative field experiments in community ecology amount to press experiments (Hairston 1990). Second, the importance in community dynamics of indirect interactions between two species, via intermediary species, increases with the duration of a perturbation on a system, at least theoretically (Yod ...
... manipulative field experiments in community ecology amount to press experiments (Hairston 1990). Second, the importance in community dynamics of indirect interactions between two species, via intermediary species, increases with the duration of a perturbation on a system, at least theoretically (Yod ...
Biodiversity and Climate Change: Integrating
... Ecology and evolution have developed as separate fields based on the distinction between “ecological time” and “evolutionary time” made by Slobodkin (1961). Hairston et al. (2005) have proposed that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occurring fast enough to have a measurable impac ...
... Ecology and evolution have developed as separate fields based on the distinction between “ecological time” and “evolutionary time” made by Slobodkin (1961). Hairston et al. (2005) have proposed that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occurring fast enough to have a measurable impac ...