a 09 Population limit factrs carr cap ppt
... All living and non-living things in an ecosystem are interconnected and changing even one thing impacts the whole ecosystem. When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. ~John Muir, naturalist, Sierra Club founder ...
... All living and non-living things in an ecosystem are interconnected and changing even one thing impacts the whole ecosystem. When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. ~John Muir, naturalist, Sierra Club founder ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem
... or a particular study site (but see [11]). In order to understand the response of natural and semi-natural ecosystems to ongoing global change, we therefore need to examine the relationships between different components of diversity (above- versus below-ground, common versus rare) and ecosystem mult ...
... or a particular study site (but see [11]). In order to understand the response of natural and semi-natural ecosystems to ongoing global change, we therefore need to examine the relationships between different components of diversity (above- versus below-ground, common versus rare) and ecosystem mult ...
Biodiversity and Climate Change: Integrating
... Ecology and evolution have developed as separate fields based on the distinction between “ecological time” and “evolutionary time” made by Slobodkin (1961). Hairston et al. (2005) have proposed that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occurring fast enough to have a measurable impac ...
... Ecology and evolution have developed as separate fields based on the distinction between “ecological time” and “evolutionary time” made by Slobodkin (1961). Hairston et al. (2005) have proposed that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occurring fast enough to have a measurable impac ...
conclusions from phytoplankton surveys
... species. Many of the species are rather erratic in their appearance and abundance; others are more predictable but still very rare, when compared to the densities of the few dominant species (Padisák, 1992). The Competitive Exclusion Theory (Hardin, 1960) predicts that only as many species can coexi ...
... species. Many of the species are rather erratic in their appearance and abundance; others are more predictable but still very rare, when compared to the densities of the few dominant species (Padisák, 1992). The Competitive Exclusion Theory (Hardin, 1960) predicts that only as many species can coexi ...
Savanna herbivore dynamics in a livestock
... remained negligible, and livestock densities have not increased for decades (Georgiadis et al., 2007). Of additional interest was why other wild species did not decline on prowildlife properties (plains zebra, Grant’s gazelle Gazella grantii, impala Aepyceros melampus, and giraffe). Seeking to under ...
... remained negligible, and livestock densities have not increased for decades (Georgiadis et al., 2007). Of additional interest was why other wild species did not decline on prowildlife properties (plains zebra, Grant’s gazelle Gazella grantii, impala Aepyceros melampus, and giraffe). Seeking to under ...
Potential Predator-prey Relationships between Bythotrephes
... (Rivier 1998). Cercopagis pengoi was first documented in Lake Ontario in 1998 (MacIsaac et al. 1999), in Lake Michigan in 1999 (Charlebois et al. 2001), and has since invaded several other North American lakes (Makarewicz et al. 2001). C. pengoi also eats other zooplankton, but at present its exact ...
... (Rivier 1998). Cercopagis pengoi was first documented in Lake Ontario in 1998 (MacIsaac et al. 1999), in Lake Michigan in 1999 (Charlebois et al. 2001), and has since invaded several other North American lakes (Makarewicz et al. 2001). C. pengoi also eats other zooplankton, but at present its exact ...
Evolution of Stable Ecosystems in Populations of
... 4a). In all cases, only one member of each resource utilization type was maintained. Genotypes 1 and 5 from groups 1 and 3, respectively, were maintained in all of the runs. From group 2, genotype 3 was maintained in two runs and genotype 4 in three runs. In five control runs restarted from the spec ...
... 4a). In all cases, only one member of each resource utilization type was maintained. Genotypes 1 and 5 from groups 1 and 3, respectively, were maintained in all of the runs. From group 2, genotype 3 was maintained in two runs and genotype 4 in three runs. In five control runs restarted from the spec ...
Life-History Differences among Coral Reef Sponges
... overgrow—and sometimes appear to smother—sponges of the three mutualistic species. The proximate aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that this fourth species is an exploiter, gaining by adhering to sponges of other species as if it were participating in the mutualism but failing to reciproc ...
... overgrow—and sometimes appear to smother—sponges of the three mutualistic species. The proximate aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that this fourth species is an exploiter, gaining by adhering to sponges of other species as if it were participating in the mutualism but failing to reciproc ...
DNA intergenic spacer length, growth rate, and C:N:P stoichiometry
... were checked daily for release of offspring. Offspring of known age (i.e., within 24 h) were pooled separately for each clone and then separated into replicate (i.e., 3–8) 600-ml jars (i.e., approximately 100–150 neonates per jar) containing COMBO and fed 3 mg carbon L21 of S. obliquus that is grown ...
... were checked daily for release of offspring. Offspring of known age (i.e., within 24 h) were pooled separately for each clone and then separated into replicate (i.e., 3–8) 600-ml jars (i.e., approximately 100–150 neonates per jar) containing COMBO and fed 3 mg carbon L21 of S. obliquus that is grown ...
Role of biotic interactions in a semiarid scrub community in north
... (Received 19 july 1992; accepted 27 November 1992.) ...
... (Received 19 july 1992; accepted 27 November 1992.) ...
Experimental evidence for fundamental, and not realized, niche
... Fundamental niche partitioning competitive exclusion, do so by reducing the fundamental niche to the realized niche (Hutchinson 1957; Connell 1961; Arakaki & Tokeshi 2011). For example, the famous experiments conducted by Connell (1961) on barnacles showed that when one barnacle species was manuall ...
... Fundamental niche partitioning competitive exclusion, do so by reducing the fundamental niche to the realized niche (Hutchinson 1957; Connell 1961; Arakaki & Tokeshi 2011). For example, the famous experiments conducted by Connell (1961) on barnacles showed that when one barnacle species was manuall ...
Negative competitive effects of invasive plants change with time
... Simberloff et al. 2012) and have higher impacts on resident species in the invaded range than in the invader’s native range (Callaway and Aschehoug 2000). However, it is generally unknown how competitive effects of invasive species vary temporally across invaded ranges. Our metaanalysis uses pairwis ...
... Simberloff et al. 2012) and have higher impacts on resident species in the invaded range than in the invader’s native range (Callaway and Aschehoug 2000). However, it is generally unknown how competitive effects of invasive species vary temporally across invaded ranges. Our metaanalysis uses pairwis ...
G. Evelyn Hutchinson
... Major source of terrestrial diversity introduced by evolution of ~ 200.000 species or flowering plants ~ 750.000 species of insects ...
... Major source of terrestrial diversity introduced by evolution of ~ 200.000 species or flowering plants ~ 750.000 species of insects ...
The coexistence of species - Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
... In essence, the variable of body size is used as a proxy for the myriad environmental and biological variables that scale exponentially with body size (Peters 1983, Calder 1984). Because of the scaling effect, the ecologically-relevant variables, themselves, correspond well with body size and may in ...
... In essence, the variable of body size is used as a proxy for the myriad environmental and biological variables that scale exponentially with body size (Peters 1983, Calder 1984). Because of the scaling effect, the ecologically-relevant variables, themselves, correspond well with body size and may in ...
AP-ES 5 13-14 V2
... • species with narrow niches and very specific requirements - Extremely good at what they do, but vulnerable to change ...
... • species with narrow niches and very specific requirements - Extremely good at what they do, but vulnerable to change ...
The logistic model-generated carrying capacities for wild herbivores
... the wildlife herbivore population dynamics. Time series data, covering a period of 16 years, is used to generate the fixed carrying capacities and the interaction parameters endogenously. The estimation of the logistic models involves estimation of econometric models for each herbivore species, foll ...
... the wildlife herbivore population dynamics. Time series data, covering a period of 16 years, is used to generate the fixed carrying capacities and the interaction parameters endogenously. The estimation of the logistic models involves estimation of econometric models for each herbivore species, foll ...
Extinctions in Ecological Communities – Alva Curtsdotter
... In the dawning of what may become Earth’s 6th mass extinction the topic of this thesis, understanding extinction processes and what determines the magnitude of species loss, has become only too relevant. The number of known extinctions (~850) during the last centuries translates to extinction rates ...
... In the dawning of what may become Earth’s 6th mass extinction the topic of this thesis, understanding extinction processes and what determines the magnitude of species loss, has become only too relevant. The number of known extinctions (~850) during the last centuries translates to extinction rates ...
Trait-mediated assembly processes predict successional changes in
... space and time (3). However, the simultaneous effects of different assembly mechanisms on community dynamics have not been wellcharacterized, particularly in diverse communities such as tropical forests. High dynamism of vegetation composition during tropical forest succession creates an ideal oppor ...
... space and time (3). However, the simultaneous effects of different assembly mechanisms on community dynamics have not been wellcharacterized, particularly in diverse communities such as tropical forests. High dynamism of vegetation composition during tropical forest succession creates an ideal oppor ...
species richness, latitude, and scale-sensitivity
... assumed that the effects of area were best represented by the power function, whereas the effects of latitude were well represented by an exponential decay function. The experimental design involved a number of sets of nested quadrats within latitudinal bands. Inclusion of a multiplicative term in t ...
... assumed that the effects of area were best represented by the power function, whereas the effects of latitude were well represented by an exponential decay function. The experimental design involved a number of sets of nested quadrats within latitudinal bands. Inclusion of a multiplicative term in t ...
Chapter 52
... - Individuals will have smaller numbers or offspring, but consistently over a lifetime ...
... - Individuals will have smaller numbers or offspring, but consistently over a lifetime ...
On the structural stability of mutualistic systems
... of verifying both the stability and the feasibility conditions of the equilibrium point when analyzing the stable coexistence of species (3–5, 19). Of course, we can always fine-tune the parameter values of intrinsic growth rates so that the system is feasible (16, 17). This strategy, for example, h ...
... of verifying both the stability and the feasibility conditions of the equilibrium point when analyzing the stable coexistence of species (3–5, 19). Of course, we can always fine-tune the parameter values of intrinsic growth rates so that the system is feasible (16, 17). This strategy, for example, h ...