Oscillations in age-structured models of consumer
... System (1) is a generalization of the ODE model (2.1) of Wang and DeAngelis [26] on uni-directional consumerresource interactions. As pointed out by Wang et al. [27], such interactions may be modeled by age-structured models. This is the motivation of this article. Moreover, Wang and DeAngelis [26] ...
... System (1) is a generalization of the ODE model (2.1) of Wang and DeAngelis [26] on uni-directional consumerresource interactions. As pointed out by Wang et al. [27], such interactions may be modeled by age-structured models. This is the motivation of this article. Moreover, Wang and DeAngelis [26] ...
Item 38C Bobcat Trapping Ban Implications - CAL
... Trapping is the only practical means of selecting for the sex of the bobcats taken (and removed from population.) It is suggested that the use of trapping records be used to determine if the bobcat population is increasing.1 1. Wengert, G. Trends in Fisher Predation in California. 2011 7. Garcia ...
... Trapping is the only practical means of selecting for the sex of the bobcats taken (and removed from population.) It is suggested that the use of trapping records be used to determine if the bobcat population is increasing.1 1. Wengert, G. Trends in Fisher Predation in California. 2011 7. Garcia ...
effects of grazer richness and composition on algal biomass in a
... In addition to grazer richness, we also manipulated connectivity between the local patches and the regional pool. In the two ‘‘closed system’’ tanks, each aquarium was covered with mesh (white fabric 0.039 g/cm2 with 1mm holes that allow light penetration of .90%, which is sufficient light for algal ...
... In addition to grazer richness, we also manipulated connectivity between the local patches and the regional pool. In the two ‘‘closed system’’ tanks, each aquarium was covered with mesh (white fabric 0.039 g/cm2 with 1mm holes that allow light penetration of .90%, which is sufficient light for algal ...
KILHAM, PETER, AND ROBERT E. HECKY. Comparative ecology of
... the cell quota (Q) is easy to measure even if the Droop equation is sometimes difficult to apply. As pointed out above, the Monod equation cannot be profitably used when limiting-substrate concentrations are below the limit of detection. The basic equations that describe nutrient-limited growth and ...
... the cell quota (Q) is easy to measure even if the Droop equation is sometimes difficult to apply. As pointed out above, the Monod equation cannot be profitably used when limiting-substrate concentrations are below the limit of detection. The basic equations that describe nutrient-limited growth and ...
Preston et al. 2012 comm invasions
... While many invasion biology studies focus on interactions between a single invader and a single native species, there is a growing need to address the net consequences of multiple invasions within a community context (Olden and Poff 2003). Continued homogenization of the planet’s biota has increased ...
... While many invasion biology studies focus on interactions between a single invader and a single native species, there is a growing need to address the net consequences of multiple invasions within a community context (Olden and Poff 2003). Continued homogenization of the planet’s biota has increased ...
Landscapes and Their Ecological Components
... perspectives to be considered in landscape ecology: the human one, the geobotanical one, and the animal one. The human perspective allows us to dismantle and reassemble a landscape according to the functional entities that are relevant to human beings. The geobotanical perspective considers the spat ...
... perspectives to be considered in landscape ecology: the human one, the geobotanical one, and the animal one. The human perspective allows us to dismantle and reassemble a landscape according to the functional entities that are relevant to human beings. The geobotanical perspective considers the spat ...
Environmental and historical controls of floristic composition across
... et al. (2012) and Legendre et al. (2012). This routine comprises (1) the compilation of significant spatial and environmental variables through a forward selection method for canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), with a permutation-based test for each variable added (Borcard et al., 2011); (2) an ...
... et al. (2012) and Legendre et al. (2012). This routine comprises (1) the compilation of significant spatial and environmental variables through a forward selection method for canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), with a permutation-based test for each variable added (Borcard et al., 2011); (2) an ...
3 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... may occur if species differ in the way they use limiting resources. Plant species, for example, may differ in their phenology, physiology, rooting depths, or nutrient requirements. If a community consists of species that differ in their niches, the overall efficiency of resource use by the community ...
... may occur if species differ in the way they use limiting resources. Plant species, for example, may differ in their phenology, physiology, rooting depths, or nutrient requirements. If a community consists of species that differ in their niches, the overall efficiency of resource use by the community ...
Metaâ•`analysis of the effects of small mammal
... Abstract The disturbance activities of many small mammals, including building burrows, mounds, trails and tunnels, and herbivory, can have significant impacts on their ecosystems, both through trophic and non-trophic interactions. Some species have large enough impacts through their disturbances to ...
... Abstract The disturbance activities of many small mammals, including building burrows, mounds, trails and tunnels, and herbivory, can have significant impacts on their ecosystems, both through trophic and non-trophic interactions. Some species have large enough impacts through their disturbances to ...
Sink habitats can alter ecological outcomes for competing species
... return to the source habitat (B. Kotler, personal communication). While ideal free populations in which individuals move freely to maximize their per-capita fitness do not occupy sink habitats under equilibrium conditions (Holt 1985), they may occupy sink habitats under non-equilibrium conditions (H ...
... return to the source habitat (B. Kotler, personal communication). While ideal free populations in which individuals move freely to maximize their per-capita fitness do not occupy sink habitats under equilibrium conditions (Holt 1985), they may occupy sink habitats under non-equilibrium conditions (H ...
Predicting rates of interspecific interaction from phylogenetic trees
... predominates will be completely independent of phylogeny – that is, eqn 5b contains no terms that depend on the shape of the phylogenetic tree and, in particular, species’ trait variances and covariances. The simple reason is that for every species that performs well in interactions there must, by d ...
... predominates will be completely independent of phylogeny – that is, eqn 5b contains no terms that depend on the shape of the phylogenetic tree and, in particular, species’ trait variances and covariances. The simple reason is that for every species that performs well in interactions there must, by d ...
PCA – A Powerful Method for Analyze Ecological Niches
... multidimensional presentation of conditions in the local physical place where an organism lives. The second and most frequently applied understanding is the functioning of an organism within its concrete environment, which concerns acting on and responding to the organism’s physical environment as w ...
... multidimensional presentation of conditions in the local physical place where an organism lives. The second and most frequently applied understanding is the functioning of an organism within its concrete environment, which concerns acting on and responding to the organism’s physical environment as w ...
Three selected ecological observations interpreted in
... where Ex is the exergy, bi is a weighting factor dependent on the amount of information that the components carry, and Ci is the concentration of the components i /1/n. Exergy can be converted from detritus equivalents to kJ by multiplying by 18.7. The derivation of this equation can be found in Jø ...
... where Ex is the exergy, bi is a weighting factor dependent on the amount of information that the components carry, and Ci is the concentration of the components i /1/n. Exergy can be converted from detritus equivalents to kJ by multiplying by 18.7. The derivation of this equation can be found in Jø ...
predicting coexistence in species with continuous ontogenetic niche
... decreases the vital rate, as in competitive interactions, " is negative. The function #, $ is an ...
... decreases the vital rate, as in competitive interactions, " is negative. The function #, $ is an ...
The growth–mortality tradeoff: evidence from anuran
... in two open- and two closed-canopy ponds and measured performance responses as indicated by growth and mortality rates. Larvae of both species grew faster in open-canopy ponds, but leopard frogs grew more than 2 times faster than wood frogs. However, leopard frogs grew slower than wood frogs in clos ...
... in two open- and two closed-canopy ponds and measured performance responses as indicated by growth and mortality rates. Larvae of both species grew faster in open-canopy ponds, but leopard frogs grew more than 2 times faster than wood frogs. However, leopard frogs grew slower than wood frogs in clos ...
Habitat Selection by Two Competing Species in a Two
... the shape and position of isolegs and to discuss in more detail the effect of competition on habitat selection. We show that it may not be possible to predict a unique IFD for each set of species densities when interspecific competition is strong compared to intraspecific competition. In this case, ...
... the shape and position of isolegs and to discuss in more detail the effect of competition on habitat selection. We show that it may not be possible to predict a unique IFD for each set of species densities when interspecific competition is strong compared to intraspecific competition. In this case, ...
Parasites, diversity and the ecosystem.
... parasitism: they can generate diversity but cause extinction, they may castrate a host but increase its growth rate, they can stimulate an immune response but at the same time encourage a secondary chronic infection. Parasites inhabit individual hosts that are distributed as discrete patches, much l ...
... parasitism: they can generate diversity but cause extinction, they may castrate a host but increase its growth rate, they can stimulate an immune response but at the same time encourage a secondary chronic infection. Parasites inhabit individual hosts that are distributed as discrete patches, much l ...
Within-population spatial synchrony in mast seeding of North American oaks
... seeding of North American oaks. – Oikos 104: 156– 164. Mast seeding, the synchronous production of large crops of seeds, has been frequently documented in oak species. In this study we used several North American oak data-sets to quantify within-stand ( B10 km) synchrony in mast dynamics. Results in ...
... seeding of North American oaks. – Oikos 104: 156– 164. Mast seeding, the synchronous production of large crops of seeds, has been frequently documented in oak species. In this study we used several North American oak data-sets to quantify within-stand ( B10 km) synchrony in mast dynamics. Results in ...
Darwin`s Finches
... Zygophyllaceae – creosote bush family). Directional selection for increased bill size. (This and all future trends documented by Peter & Rosemary Grant.) ...
... Zygophyllaceae – creosote bush family). Directional selection for increased bill size. (This and all future trends documented by Peter & Rosemary Grant.) ...
The number of competitor species is unlinked to sexual dimorphism
... under direct selection for the size of common prey (Dayan et al. 1989, 1992). Furthermore, the upper carnassials erupt before adulthood, when the skull has not yet reached its adult size. By using carnassial measurements, we can therefore include subadult specimens with adult-sized teeth. While carn ...
... under direct selection for the size of common prey (Dayan et al. 1989, 1992). Furthermore, the upper carnassials erupt before adulthood, when the skull has not yet reached its adult size. By using carnassial measurements, we can therefore include subadult specimens with adult-sized teeth. While carn ...
The University of Chicago Press The American Society of Naturalists
... evolved in different biogeographic realms with little, if any, gene flow for millions to tens of millions of years or that had markedly different phylogenetic origins might coexist with each other when brought into contact? A central tenet of evolutionary theory is that individuals within a species ...
... evolved in different biogeographic realms with little, if any, gene flow for millions to tens of millions of years or that had markedly different phylogenetic origins might coexist with each other when brought into contact? A central tenet of evolutionary theory is that individuals within a species ...
Pulsed resources and community dynamics of consumers in
... rodents by reaching its own peak one year after the rodents’ population peak. Another generalist predator, the tawny owl (Strix aluco), responds numerically to rodents by reaching a peak a few months after the rodent peak, owing to unusually successful fledging of large clutches (Fig. 2). However, h ...
... rodents by reaching its own peak one year after the rodents’ population peak. Another generalist predator, the tawny owl (Strix aluco), responds numerically to rodents by reaching a peak a few months after the rodent peak, owing to unusually successful fledging of large clutches (Fig. 2). However, h ...
Interspecific Competition and Species Co
... bodysize,billmorphology, In factwedidso for birdsandbats(ConnorandSimberloff othereasilyobserved characteristic. 1979) arestatisunusualarrangements in all threeexampleswe examined, tically are surprising. taxonomic families Statistically and Vuilleumier and Simberloff a also achievablefortherowandco ...
... bodysize,billmorphology, In factwedidso for birdsandbats(ConnorandSimberloff othereasilyobserved characteristic. 1979) arestatisunusualarrangements in all threeexampleswe examined, tically are surprising. taxonomic families Statistically and Vuilleumier and Simberloff a also achievablefortherowandco ...