effects of top predator species on direct
... by changing grasshopper foraging behavior (a trait-mediated effect). The sit-and-pursue spider caused indirect effects by reducing grasshopper density (density-mediated effects); the effects of changes in grasshopper behavior were thus not reflected in the plant trophic level. The actively hunting s ...
... by changing grasshopper foraging behavior (a trait-mediated effect). The sit-and-pursue spider caused indirect effects by reducing grasshopper density (density-mediated effects); the effects of changes in grasshopper behavior were thus not reflected in the plant trophic level. The actively hunting s ...
Ecogeographical Variation in Skull Shape of South
... climate and geographical barriers, to apply filters influencing species distribution and community composition. On the other side, biotic competition might produce unexpectedly stable species assemblages. Such balancing forces are clearly not mutually exclusive and we have strong evidence that the m ...
... climate and geographical barriers, to apply filters influencing species distribution and community composition. On the other side, biotic competition might produce unexpectedly stable species assemblages. Such balancing forces are clearly not mutually exclusive and we have strong evidence that the m ...
Species Invasions and the Relationships between Species Diversity
... In this chapter, we examine how the ecology of invasions helps clarify the relationships among community saturation, diversity, and ecosystem functioning. We begin with a theoretical approach that suggests a common underlying mechanism for the negative effect of diversity on community invasibility a ...
... In this chapter, we examine how the ecology of invasions helps clarify the relationships among community saturation, diversity, and ecosystem functioning. We begin with a theoretical approach that suggests a common underlying mechanism for the negative effect of diversity on community invasibility a ...
Grassland root communities: species distributions and how they are
... largely has proceeded with little empirical information on the structure of whole root communities under natural conditions. Plant ecologists have long considered resource partitioning an important requisite for plant species coexistence (Hutchinson 1959, Tilman 1988). Compared to the single resourc ...
... largely has proceeded with little empirical information on the structure of whole root communities under natural conditions. Plant ecologists have long considered resource partitioning an important requisite for plant species coexistence (Hutchinson 1959, Tilman 1988). Compared to the single resourc ...
Dynamics of ecological communities in variable environments
... ecological networks, the loss or even a change in the abundance of one species can cause a dramatic change in the abundance of directly as well as indirectly interacting species. In the worst case an initial loss of one species can cause a cascade of secondary extinctions throughout the community (P ...
... ecological networks, the loss or even a change in the abundance of one species can cause a dramatic change in the abundance of directly as well as indirectly interacting species. In the worst case an initial loss of one species can cause a cascade of secondary extinctions throughout the community (P ...
Climate modifies response of non
... leads to a myriad of effects on plant species and ecosystem properties [3–5]. In general, non-native species exhibit greater success than natives under increased nutrient addition [6,7], and often non-native species will increase in abundance and richness in eutrophied communities at the cost of nat ...
... leads to a myriad of effects on plant species and ecosystem properties [3–5]. In general, non-native species exhibit greater success than natives under increased nutrient addition [6,7], and often non-native species will increase in abundance and richness in eutrophied communities at the cost of nat ...
Biology and Ecology of Juvenile Procambarus alleni and
... two previous studies examined life history and ecology of both P. alleni and P. fallax. The two species appear to differ in reproductive strategies, growth and maturation rates, and migration and burrowing behavior patterns. The sparse information available centers on adults rather than juvenile cr ...
... two previous studies examined life history and ecology of both P. alleni and P. fallax. The two species appear to differ in reproductive strategies, growth and maturation rates, and migration and burrowing behavior patterns. The sparse information available centers on adults rather than juvenile cr ...
The Endangered Species Act and the distinct population segment
... that are ‘different’ or ‘unique’’’ (NMFS 1991:58612). However, in addressing this second meaning of the term distinct, the NMFS memorandum goes beyond a neutral effort to measure differentness and mandates an inquiry into the value of the population from an ESA perspective — its importance to the ge ...
... that are ‘different’ or ‘unique’’’ (NMFS 1991:58612). However, in addressing this second meaning of the term distinct, the NMFS memorandum goes beyond a neutral effort to measure differentness and mandates an inquiry into the value of the population from an ESA perspective — its importance to the ge ...
108. Leong, W. and Pawlik, J.R. 2011
... Caribbean reef sponge species were grouped into three categories: preferred species that are rapidly grazed from apparent locations on the reef and only survive in cryptic refugia, and palatable and defended species that both co-exist on the reef (Pawlik, 1998). The palatable species do not produce ...
... Caribbean reef sponge species were grouped into three categories: preferred species that are rapidly grazed from apparent locations on the reef and only survive in cryptic refugia, and palatable and defended species that both co-exist on the reef (Pawlik, 1998). The palatable species do not produce ...
POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS Mark S. Boyce Journal Article
... (72). The greater the magnitude of nonlinearity, say as measured by the second derivative, the greater will be the effect of randomness. Sampling from a skewed distribution can yield peculk behaviors in stochastic models. This is illustrated by exponential population growth in a random environment, ...
... (72). The greater the magnitude of nonlinearity, say as measured by the second derivative, the greater will be the effect of randomness. Sampling from a skewed distribution can yield peculk behaviors in stochastic models. This is illustrated by exponential population growth in a random environment, ...
Environmental variability and population dynamics: do European
... no earlier work has compared population dynamics of a group of non- ...
... no earlier work has compared population dynamics of a group of non- ...
9-12 - Wave Foundation
... weight bones that create a lighter body to increase flying ability. Penguins, on the other hand, have heavy, thick bones which are durable enough to withstand propulsion while swimming. Penguins, like other aquatic birds, also have webbed feet for better locomotion in the water. Penguins have sever ...
... weight bones that create a lighter body to increase flying ability. Penguins, on the other hand, have heavy, thick bones which are durable enough to withstand propulsion while swimming. Penguins, like other aquatic birds, also have webbed feet for better locomotion in the water. Penguins have sever ...
1 FORAGING NICHES AND RESOURCE PARTITIONING
... The coexistence of many seemingly similar songbird species has led to a number of classical studies on competition and resource partitioning in birds (Holmes et al. 1979, MacArthur 1958, Noon 1981). Resource partitioning is thought to be especially important when resources are limiting (Dhondt 2012, ...
... The coexistence of many seemingly similar songbird species has led to a number of classical studies on competition and resource partitioning in birds (Holmes et al. 1979, MacArthur 1958, Noon 1981). Resource partitioning is thought to be especially important when resources are limiting (Dhondt 2012, ...
Biology Chapter 5 Test
... into the population, or they can move into it from outside the population, or immigrate. There are two ways individuals can be removed from a population. They can die, or they can move out of the population, or emigrate. ...
... into the population, or they can move into it from outside the population, or immigrate. There are two ways individuals can be removed from a population. They can die, or they can move out of the population, or emigrate. ...
Organisms and Their Environment
... Though several species may share a habitat, the food, shelter, and other needed items in that habitat are often used in different ways by each species. For example, if you turn over a log, you may find a community of millipedes, centipedes, insects, slugs, and earthworms. At first it might seem that ...
... Though several species may share a habitat, the food, shelter, and other needed items in that habitat are often used in different ways by each species. For example, if you turn over a log, you may find a community of millipedes, centipedes, insects, slugs, and earthworms. At first it might seem that ...
Dietary overlap among native and non
... feeding strategies among the individual predators. Prey with high specific abundance and low occurrence (upper left) have been consumed by a few individuals displaying specialization, whereas prey with a low specific abundance and a high occurrence (lower right) have been eaten occasionally by most in ...
... feeding strategies among the individual predators. Prey with high specific abundance and low occurrence (upper left) have been consumed by a few individuals displaying specialization, whereas prey with a low specific abundance and a high occurrence (lower right) have been eaten occasionally by most in ...
Any favourable condition (1)
... combines with specific receptors in the brain especially those receptors in the brain areas involved with memory, concentration, perception and movement. When these receptors are activated by the chemical substance, it impedes the normal functioning of these receptors in the brain areas. This may le ...
... combines with specific receptors in the brain especially those receptors in the brain areas involved with memory, concentration, perception and movement. When these receptors are activated by the chemical substance, it impedes the normal functioning of these receptors in the brain areas. This may le ...
Habitat heterogeneity affects population growth in goshawk Accipiter
... Free Distribution-type of habitat settlement and density dependence in a vital rate mediated by habitat heterogeneity. The latter is also known as habitat heterogeneity hypothesis. Site-dependent population regulation hypothesis predicts that increasing population density should lead to inhabitation ...
... Free Distribution-type of habitat settlement and density dependence in a vital rate mediated by habitat heterogeneity. The latter is also known as habitat heterogeneity hypothesis. Site-dependent population regulation hypothesis predicts that increasing population density should lead to inhabitation ...
Study Guide for Final
... 10. Understand geometric growth curves. Understand and be able to explain exponential and logistic growth curves and the factors that affect each. Understand and be able to explain the concepts of carrying capacity, density-dependent limiting factors and density independent limiting factors. Underst ...
... 10. Understand geometric growth curves. Understand and be able to explain exponential and logistic growth curves and the factors that affect each. Understand and be able to explain the concepts of carrying capacity, density-dependent limiting factors and density independent limiting factors. Underst ...
Practice Exam
... 9. Most efforts to improve environmental quality have focused on this. 10. Capable of being decomposed by organisms, such as bacteria 11. Which of the following statements regarding developed countries and developing countries is true? a) Developed countries are home to twice as many people as devel ...
... 9. Most efforts to improve environmental quality have focused on this. 10. Capable of being decomposed by organisms, such as bacteria 11. Which of the following statements regarding developed countries and developing countries is true? a) Developed countries are home to twice as many people as devel ...
Standard Test 3- Nine weeks Exam Answer Section
... a. trees that replace the original trees after a forest fire. b. trees to grow in an area that has been disturbed. c. organisms to live in previously uninhabited areas. d. organisms to live in a forest canopy. 7. Density-independent factors are limiting factors whose effects are _____. a. not influe ...
... a. trees that replace the original trees after a forest fire. b. trees to grow in an area that has been disturbed. c. organisms to live in previously uninhabited areas. d. organisms to live in a forest canopy. 7. Density-independent factors are limiting factors whose effects are _____. a. not influe ...