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Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________ ID: A Biology Chapter 5 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. There are 150 Saguaro cacti plants per square kilometer in a certain area of Arizona desert. To which population characteristic does this information refer? a. growth rate c. age structure b. geographic distribution d. population density ____ 2. What does the range of a population tell you that density does not? a. the number that live in an area b. the areas inhabited by a population c. the births per unit area d. the deaths per unit area ____ 3. What can cause a population to grow? a. The birthrate becomes higher than the death rate. b. The birthrate stays the same, and the death rate increases. c. The birthrate becomes lower than the death rate. d. The birthrate and the death rate remain the same. ____ 4. When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it produces a growth pattern called a. logistic growth. c. demographic growth. b. growth density. d. exponential growth. ____ 5. Which are two ways a population can decrease in size? a. immigration and emigration b. increased death rate and immigration c. decreased birthrate and emigration d. emigration and increased birthrate ____ 6. As resources in a population become less available, population growth a. becomes negative. b. increases slowly. c. reaches carrying capacity. d. enters a phase of exponential growth. ____ 7. Which of the following is not likely to be a limiting factor on the sea otter population? a. disease c. drought b. competition d. predation ____ 8. Which will reduce competition within a species’ population? a. fewer individuals c. fewer resources b. higher birthrate d. higher population density 1 William Rodawalt Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:10:28 AM AKT c8:bc:c8:8b:73:6f Name: ______________________ ID: A ____ 9. If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the a. death rate may rise. c. population will grow faster. b. birthrate may rise. d. carrying capacity will change. ____ 10. Which would be least likely to be affected by a density-dependent limiting factor? a. a small, scattered population b. a population with a high birthrate c. a large, dense population d. a population with a high immigration rate ____ 11. Which density-dependent factors, other than the predator/prey relationship, affected the populations of moose and wolves on Isle Royale? a. extreme temperatures for the moose and flooding for the wolves b. parasitic wasps for the wolves and clear-cut forest for the moose c. a hurricane followed by drought for both moose and wolves d. food availability for the moose and disease for the wolf ____ 12. Demographic transition is change from high birthrates and high death rates to a. exponential growth. b. a low birthrate and a low death rate. c. a low birthrate and a high death rate. d. indefinite growth. ____ 13. About 500 years ago, the world’s population started a. decreasing. c. growing more rapidly. b. to reach carrying capacity. d. to level off. ____ 14. In Rwanda, there are more young children than teenagers, and more teenagers than adults. This age structure indicates a population that a. has stopped growing. b. will double in 30 years. c. has a steady growth rate. d. will decrease in 30 years. ____ 15. In countries like India, the human population is growing a. exponentially. c. logistically. b. transitionally. d. demographically. Completion Complete each statement. 16. When an individual moves into a population from a different population, it is called ____________________. 17. Zero population growth is a characteristic of ____________________ growth. 18. Under conditions of logistic growth, population size will rise and fall around an average point called a(an) _________________________. 2 William Rodawalt Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:10:28 AM AKT c8:bc:c8:8b:73:6f Name: ______________________ ID: A 19. Resource shortages triggered by increasing population size are density-____________________ limiting factors. 20. Social and ____________________ factors explain why some countries have high growth rates while other countries grow slowly or not at all. Short Answer: Complete TWO questions for FIVE points each. Additional correct answers are worth one point extra credit. 21. How does emigration affect population size? 22. What is a density-independent limiting factor? Give two examples. 23. What kept the human population growth rate low before the Industrial Revolution? 24. How can a demographer, or scientist who studies demography, predict how a population will change in the future? 25. How does population growth in the United States compare with that of China and India? Essay : Answer ONE Question for FIVE Points. Additional correct answers are worth one point extra credit. 26. Discuss four ways population size can change. 3 William Rodawalt Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:10:28 AM AKT c8:bc:c8:8b:73:6f Name: ______________________ ID: A 27. Differentiate between exponential and logistic growth. 28. Explain the limiting factors that control population growth. 29. Differentiate between density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors. 30. Sequence the historical events that contributed to the current human population growth. 4 William Rodawalt Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:10:28 AM AKT c8:bc:c8:8b:73:6f Name: ______________________ ID: A Other USING SCIENCE SKILLS Graph I shows the curve for a culture of Paramecium aurelia. Graph II shows the growth curve for a culture of Paramecium caudatum, a larger species. Graph III shows the growth curves of each species when they are grown together. Figure 5–1 31. Interpreting Data According to Figure 5-1, which species has the greater initial growth rate when they are grown in separate cultures? 32. Interpreting Graphics From Figure 5-1, which species has the greater growth rate overall when grown together? Describe the growth curve of P. caudatum in graph III. 5 William Rodawalt Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:10:28 AM AKT c8:bc:c8:8b:73:6f Name: ______________________ ID: A 33. Observing What type of population growth curve can be observed in graphs I and II of Figure 5-1? 34. Drawing Conclusions What is the most likely explanation for the decline of the P. caudatum shown in graph III of Figure 5-1? 35. Drawing Conclusions Are the limiting factors for all cultures in Figure 5-1 density-dependent or density-independent? Explain. 6 William Rodawalt Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:10:28 AM AKT c8:bc:c8:8b:73:6f ID: A Biology Chapter 5 Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: D B A D C C C A A A D B C B A PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: COMPLETION 16. ANS: immigration PTS: 1 17. ANS: logistic REF: p. 120 PTS: 1 REF: p. 122 18. ANS: carrying capacity PTS: 1 19. ANS: dependent REF: p. 122 PTS: 1 20. ANS: economic REF: p. 125 PTS: 1 REF: p. 130 1 William Rodawalt Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:10:28 AM AKT c8:bc:c8:8b:73:6f p. 119 p. 119 p. 120 p. 121 p. 120 p. 122 p. 124 p. 125 p. 122 p. 125 p. 126 p. 130 p. 129 p. 131 p. 131 ID: A SHORT ANSWER 21. ANS: Emigration is the movement of individuals out of a population and reduces its size if all other factors are equal. PTS: 1 22. ANS: REF: p. 120 A density-independent limiting factor is a limiting factor that affects all populations regardless of size, such as a rainstorm, drought, fire, and certain human activities. PTS: 1 23. ANS: REF: p. 125 Limiting factors, such as food scarcity and diseases, kept the human population growth rate low. PTS: 1 24. ANS: REF: p. 129 A demographer studies the social and economic factors that affect a population and the age structure in order to predict how it will change. PTS: 1 25. ANS: REF: p. 130 Population growth has slowed in the United States, but China and India are only in the beginning stage of demographic transition where the population is still growing rapidly. PTS: 1 REF: p. 131 ESSAY 26. ANS: A population will increase or decrease in size depending on how many individuals are added to it or removed from it. There are two ways individuals can be added to a population. Individuals can be born into the population, or they can move into it from outside the population, or immigrate. There are two ways individuals can be removed from a population. They can die, or they can move out of the population, or emigrate. PTS: 1 27. ANS: REF: p. 120 Exponential growth occurs when the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate. At first, the size of the population increases slowly, then it increases more and more rapidly until it approaches an infinitely large size. Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, a population will grow exponentially. Exponential growth does not continue in natural populations for very long. Resources become less available as the population grows, and the rate of population growth slows down. Logistic growth occurs when a population’s growth slows or stops following a period of exponential growth. PTS: 1 REF: p. 121 | p. 122 2 William Rodawalt Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:10:28 AM AKT c8:bc:c8:8b:73:6f ID: A 28. ANS: Under ideal conditions, populations will continue to grow if there are not factors that limit their growth. Some factors in a population’s environment that can limit growth are predation, competition, parasitism, and disease. Other limiting factors are climate extremes and human activities. PTS: 1 29. ANS: REF: p. 124 Density-dependent limiting factors become limiting only when population density—the number of organisms in a given area—reaches a certain level. These factors include competition, predation, parasitism, and disease. Density-independent limiting factors affect all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size. These limiting factors include weather, natural disasters, and certain human activities, such as damming rivers and clear-cutting forests. PTS: 1 30. ANS: REF: p. 125 | p. 127 During most of human history, population growth was slow. Food was hard to find, and there was no cure or treatment for diseases. Death rates and birthrates were high. With the beginning of agriculture, life became easier. The food supply became more reliable. With the Industrial Revolution, other advances, such as medicine and improved healthcare and sanitation, reduced the death rate and made it possible to live longer. This is when the human population began to grow exponentially. PTS: 1 REF: p. 129 OTHER 31. ANS: P. caudatum PTS: 1 32. ANS: REF: p. 122 Overall, P. aurelia had the greater growth rate. P. caudatum had the greater initial growth rate, but was eventually excluded by P. aurelia. P. caudatum eventually died out. PTS: 1 33. ANS: REF: p. 122 Both populations show a logistic growth curve. PTS: 1 34. ANS: REF: p. 122 P. aurelia is a better competitor for limited resources, such as food. PTS: 1 35. ANS: REF: p. 122 The limiting factors are density-dependent. In Graphs I and II, the population growth rate decreased and leveled out when the population size reached carrying capacity, as did P. aurelia in Graph III. PTS: 1 REF: p. 125 3 William Rodawalt Thursday, March 1, 2012 11:10:28 AM AKT c8:bc:c8:8b:73:6f